Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
Members Observers Dialogue Partners Observer applicants Disputed territories
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is an international alliance that consists of 9 member states and 2 observers from Eurasia. It was established on 26 April 1996 as Shanghai Five. Of the 9 member states and 2 observers, SCO currently also have 3 dialogue partners and 3 guest attendance entries.
Member states[]
| Flag | Country |
Capital |
Largest city |
Area (km²) |
Population (2016) |
Density (/km²) |
GDP per cap. (PPP)[1] |
HDI[2] | Currency |
Official languages | Leaders | Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
India Republic of India |
New Delhi | Mumbai | 3,287,240 | 1,284,480,000 | 364.4 | 8,484 | 0.640 | Indian rupee (₹) (INR) |
Hindi (Devanagari script), English & 21 others. Also see Languages of India |
Head of State: Ram Nath Kovind Head of Government: Narendra Modi |
2017-06-09[3] |
 |
Iran Islamic Republic of Iran |
Tehran | 1,648,195 | 79,011,700 | 48.0 | 17,443 | 0.766 | Iranian rial (IRR) |
Persian see also Languages of Iran |
Head of State: Ali Khamenei Head of Government: Ebrahim Raisi |
2021-09-17[4] | |
 |
Pakistan Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
Islamabad | Karachi | 796,095 | 192,779,818 | 214.3 | 4,749 | 0.538 | Pakistani rupee (PKR) |
Urdu (National) English |
Head of State: Arif Alvi Head of Government: Imran Khan |
2017-06-09[3] |
 |
China People's Republic of China |
Beijing | Shanghai | 9,640,011 | 1,374,820,000 | 139.6 | 13,224 | 0.727 | Renminbi (Chinese yuan, ¥) (CNY) |
Standard Chinese[5] written in simplified characters[5] see also languages of China |
Head of State: Xi Jinping Head of Government: Li Keqiang |
1996-04-26 |
 |
Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan |
Nur-Sultan | Almaty | 2,724,900 | 17,670,900 | 5.94 | 24,108 | 0.788 | Kazakhstani tenge (₸) (KZT) |
Kazakh (National) Russian |
Head of State: Nursultan Nazarbayev Head of Government: Serik Akhmetov |
1996-04-26 |
 |
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz Republic |
Bishkek | 199,900 | 6,008,600 | 27.4 | 3,262 | 0.655 | Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) |
Kyrgyz (National) Russian |
Head of State: Almazbek Atambayev Head of Government: Temir Sariev |
1996-04-26 | |
 |
Russia Russian Federation |
Moscow | 17,075,400 | 146,519,759 | 8.3 | 24,449 | 0.798 | Russian ruble (₽) (RUB) |
Russian also see Languages of Russia |
Head of State: Vladimir Putin Head of Government: Dmitry Medvedev |
1996-04-26 | |
 |
Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan |
Dushanbe | 143,100 | 8,352,000 | 48.6 | 2,698 | 0.624 | Tajikistani somoni (TJS) |
Tajik Persian | Head of State: Emomalii Rahmon Head of Government: Oqil Oqilov |
1996-04-26 | |
 |
Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan |
Tashkent | 447,400 | 31,022,500 | 61.4 | 5,630 | 0.675 | Uzbekistani som (UZS) |
Uzbek | Head of State: Shavkat Mirziyoyev Head of Government: Abdulla Oripov |
2001-06-15 | |
Military personnel[]
The following list is sourced from the 2018 edition of "The Military Balance" published annually by the International Institute for Strategic Studies.
| Country | Active military | Reserve military | Paramilitary | Total | Per 1000 capita (total) |
Per 1000 capita (active) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
China[6] | 2,035,000 | 510,000 | 1,500,000 | 4,045,000 | 2.9 | 1.5 |
|
India[7] | 1,440,000 | 2,096,000 | 1,585,950 | 5,121,950 | 4 | 1.1 |
|
Iran[8] | 610,000 | 350,000 | 0 | 960,000 | 12 | 7.6 |
|
Kazakhstan[9] | 39,000 | 0 | 31,500 | 70,500 | 3.8 | 2.1 |
|
Kyrgyzstan[10] | 10,900 | 0 | 9,500 | 20,400 | 3.5 | 1.9 |
|
Pakistan[11] | 653,000 | 0 | 0 | 653,000 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
|
Russian Federation[12][Note 1] | 1,013,628 | 2,572,500 | 2,310,859 | 5,896,987 | 41.5 | 7.1 |
|
Tajikistan[13] | 8,800 | 0 | 7,500 | 16,300 | 1.9 | 1 |
|
Uzbekistan[14] | 48,000 | 0 | 20,000 | 68,000 | 2.3 | 1.6 |
- Notes
- ^ The potential reserve personnel of Russia may be as high as 20 million, depending on how the figures are counted. However, an est. 2 million have seen military service within the last 5 years.
Observer states[]
Except for Afghanistan, the observers are due to be accorded full member status at the 2014 SCO summit.[15]
| Flag | Country |
Capital |
Area (km²) |
Population (2016) |
Density (/km²) |
GDP per cap. (PPP)[1] |
HDI[2] | Currency |
Official languages | Leaders | Status gained |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |
Kabul | 652,230 | 27,101,365 | 43.5 | 1,944 | 0.465 | Afghan afghani (AFN) |
Pashto Dari |
Head of State and Government: Ashraf Ghani | 2012-06-07 |
 |
Belarus Republic of Belarus |
Minsk | 207,595 | 9,498,700 | 45.8 | 18,246 | 0.798 | Belarusian ruble (BYR) |
Belarusian Russian |
Head of State: Alexander Lukashenko Head of Government: Andrei Kobyakov |
2010-04-28 |
 |
Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar | 1,564,115 | 3,067,550 | 1.75 | 11,919 | 0.727 | Mongolian tögrög (₮) (MNT) |
Mongolian | Head of State: Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj Head of Government: Chimediin Saikhanbileg |
2004-06-17 |
Dialogue partner entries[]
| Flag | Country |
Capital |
Area (km²) |
Population (2016) |
Density (/km²) |
GDP per cap. (PPP)[1] |
HDI[2] | Currency |
Official languages | Leaders | Status gained |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Armenia Republic of Armenia |
Yerevan | 29,743 | 2,998,600 | 102.0 | 8,164 | 0.733 | Armenian dram (AMD) |
Armenian | Head of State: Serzh Sargsyan Head of Government: Hovik Abrahamyan |
2015-07-10 |
 |
Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan |
Baku | 86,600 | 9,696,800 | 109.0 | 17,761 | 0.751 | Azerbaijani manat (AZN) |
Azeri | Head of State: Ilham Aliyev Head of Government: Artur Rasizade |
2015-07-10 |
 |
Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia |
Phnom Penh | 181,035 | 15,626,444 | 84.0 | 3,276 | 0.555 | Cambodian riel (KHR) |
Khmer | Monarch: Norodom Sihamoni Head of Government: Hun Sen |
2015-07-10 |
 |
Nepal Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal |
Kathmandu | 147,181 | 28,431,500 | 180.0 | 2,388 | 0.548 | Nepalese rupee (NPR) |
Nepali | Head of State: Bidhya Devi Bhandari Head of Government: Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli |
2015-07-10 |
 |
Sri Lanka Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka |
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative) Colombo (Commercial) |
65,610 | 20,966,000 | 309.0 | 10,410 | 0.757 | Sri Lankan rupee (LKR) |
Sinhalese Tamil |
Head of State and Government: Gotabaya Rajapaksa | 2009-06-16 |
 |
Turkey Republic of Turkey |
Ankara | 783,562 | 78,741,053 | 102.0 | 19,698 | 0.761 | Turkish lira (TRY) |
Turkish | Head of State: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Head of Government: Binali Yildirim |
2012-06-07 |
Future participation[]
in 2012 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, East Timor, Nepal and Sri Lanka applied for observer status within the organization.[16] Egypt[17] and Syria has also submitted an application for observer status,[18] while Egypt, Israel,[19] Maldives and Ukraine have applied for dialogue partner status.[20][21] Saudi Arabia,[22][23][24] Bahrain and Qatar has officially applied to join the SCO.[25][26]
Guest attendance entries[]
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
- Turkmenistan
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c at purchasing power parity, per capita, in international dollars (rounded IMF 2012)
- ^ Jump up to: a b c at Human Development Index (New 2013 Estimates for 2012)
- ^ Jump up to: a b Bhattacherjee, Kallol (9 June 2017). "India, Pakistan become full members of SCO". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ^ Motamedi, Maziar. "Iran denounces 'unilateralism' as it becomes full SCO member". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37)
- ^ IISS 2018, pp. 249-250
- ^ IISS 2018, pp. 260
- ^ IISS 2018
- ^ IISS 2018, pp. 188
- ^ IISS 2018, pp. 190
- ^ IISS 2018, pp. 291
- ^ IISS 2018, pp. 192
- ^ IISS 2018, pp. 207
- ^ IISS 2018, pp. 214
- ^ http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/25830/53/
- ^ "Azerbaijan asks to join a new alliance of China and Russia".
- ^ "Syria, Egypt may join Shanghai Cooperation Organization as observers". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-06-05. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
- ^ "Syria applies for observer status at Shanghai security bloc — Russian Foreign Ministry". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2015-07-11.
- ^ "Syria, Israel, Egypt willing to join SCO's activity - president's special envoy". Interfax. 2016-06-23. Archived from the original on 2016-08-16. Retrieved 2016-06-24.
- ^ "Egypt applies to become dialogue partner of Shanghai security bloc — Kremlin aide". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
- ^ "Azerbaijan intends to become SCO observer". 2015-02-10. Archived from the original on 2015-08-02. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
- ^ "以色列和沙特提交加入上合组织的相关申请". 环球网. 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-11-03.
- ^ "В МИД рассказали о странах, которые хотят участвовать в работе ШОС". RIA Novosti. 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
- ^ "Саудовская Аравия устремилась в ШОС". Abkhazian Network News Agency. 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
- ^ "Катар, Бахрейн и Израиль просят о приеме в ШОС". Мир 24. 2017-12-05. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
- ^ "SCO receives membership requests from Qatar, Bahrain". Interfax. 2017-12-05. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
Bibliography[]
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (3 February 2010). The Military Balance 2010. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1857435573.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (2 March 2011). The Military Balance 2011. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1857436068.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (7 March 2012). The Military Balance 2012. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1857436426.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 March 2013). The Military Balance 2013. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1857436808.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (3 February 2014). The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781857437225.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 February 2018). The Military Balance 2018. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781857439557.
Categories:
- Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
- Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
- International military organizations
- Countries by international organization