Menora (dance)

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Menora (dance)
Nong Nooch-14.JPG
A modern variation of the Nora performed in Thailand.
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Menora (Jawi: منورا) is a type of dance drama originating in Southern Thailand and practised mainly in the northern states of Malaysia and southern provinces of Thailand. Menora is also known as Manora (มโนราห์, มโนห์รา; pronounced [mā.nōː.rāː]) or Nora (โนรา; [nōː.rāː]) in Thai language.[1]

The basic features of the performance include a lengthy invocation, a dance by the main character, and a play or skit. The invocation is enacted by slow rhythmic movements of legs, arms and fingers.[2] The dramatic repertoire of Menora performance is based on Thai legends of Manohara, derived from the Buddhist Jataka tales, many of which already accultured into Malay society centuries ago.[3]

In the northeastern state of Kelantan and Terengganu, Menora incorporates much use of Malay language and a mak yong-style dance movements. While in the northwestern state of Kedah, it is performed in a mixture of Thai and local dialects, but adheres to the invocation-play in a distinctly north Malaysian style and incorporates some elements of Jikey and Mek Mulung.[2]

The musical ensemble consists of a pair of hand cymbals, a pair of small knobbed gongs, a pair of wooden sticks, a barrel-shaped kendang, a reed instrument and a vase-shaped single headed drum.[1]

References[]

  1. ^ a b "Music for Theater: Menora". Musicmall Production Pte Ltd. 2004. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  2. ^ a b Terry Miller & Sean Williams (2008). The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music. Routledge. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-415-96075-5.
  3. ^ "Menora". Dance Malaysia. Retrieved 24 September 2010.

Further reading[]

  • Ginsburg, Henry D. "The Menora dance-drama: an introduction". In: Journal of the Siam Society nr. 60. 1972. pp. 169-181.
  • Hemmet, Christine. "Le Nora Du Sud De La Thaïlande: Un Culte Aux Ancêtres." Bulletin De L'École Française D'Extrême-Orient 79, no. 2 (1992): 261-82. Accessed June 17, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/43731384.
  • Kershaw, Roger. "A Little Drama of Ethnicity: Some Sociological Aspects of the Kelantan Manora." Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 10, no. 1 (1982): 69-95. Accessed June 17, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/24490909.
  • "CORRIGENDA: A Little Drama of Ethnicity: Some Sociological Aspects of the Kelantan Manora." Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 10, no. 2 (1982): 118. Accessed June 17, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/24490818.
  • Plowright, P. (1998). The Art of Manora: An Ancient Tale of Feminine Power Preserved in South-East Asian Theatre. New Theatre Quarterly, 14(56), 373-394. [doi:10.1017/S0266464X00012458]
  • Sheppard, Mubin. "MANORA in KELANTAN." Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 46, no. 1 (223) (1973): 160-70. Accessed June 16, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/41492072.
  • Simmonds, E. H. S. “‘Mahōrasop’ in a Thai Manōrā Manuscript.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 30, no. 2, 1967, pp. 391–403. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/611002. Accessed 24 Apr. 2020.
  • Simmonds, E. H. S. “‘Mahōrasop’ II: The Thai National Library Manuscript.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 34, no. 1, 1971, pp. 119–131. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/614627. Accessed 24 Apr. 2020.
  • Sooi-Beng, Tan. “The Thai ‘Menora’ in Malaysia: Adapting to the Penang Chinese Community.” Asian Folklore Studies, vol. 47, no. 1, 1988, pp. 19–34. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1178249. Accessed 24 Apr. 2020.


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