Yeongsanjae

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Yeongsanjae (영산재, 靈山齋) is a Korean Buddhist ceremony which re-enacts Siddhartha Gautama delivering the sermon now known as the Lotus Sutra.[1][2]

Primarily preserved and conducted by the Taego Order, the ceremony, which takes place annually on June 6, includes tea ceremonies, prayers, rites of purification, offerings to Buddha and rites for the dead. It is one of the Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea.[2][3]

Important Intangible Cultural Property No. 50[]

In 1973, Yeongsanjae was designated as Important Intangible Cultural Property No.50. To preserve Yeongsanjae, Korea has created Yeongsanjae Preservation Society. [4]

History[]

Yeongsanjae is one form of Buddhist ritual, performed in hopes of wishing the deceased to rest In peace and be free from the sufferings.[5] Yeongsanjae is practiced on the 49th day after a person’s death because in Buddhism, it is believed that the soul of the deceased will reach the heaven on the 49th day.[6] In the past, Yeongsanjae was practiced for over 3 days, but now it has been reduced in size, which they only perform the ceremony for one day.[6] While there are many other forms about 49th day rituals, Yeongsanjae is known to be the largest ritual of all.[7]

Dances[]

Haegeum is one of the instruments played during the Yeongsanjae ceremony.
Haegeum
Jang-gu is one of instruments played during the Yeongsanjae ceremony.
Jang-gu
Geomungo is one of the instruments played during the Yeongsanjae ceremony.
Geomungo

There are many types of dances that are being practiced during Yeongsanjae such as Barachum, Beopgochum and Nabichum.[5] Each dance has its own meaning and purpose for the ceremony and they are performed separately. [5]

Barachum[]

Barachum, also known as the cymbals dance, was named this because they used the instrument called “bara”.[8] This dance was performed to defeat the evil spirits and purifying the mind.[8] While the dance contains several different dance moves such as moving forward, backward, and roaring while hitting the bara, most of the movements are very static and rarely moves or makes a loud sound.[9] This is because Barachum is designed to make solemn atmosphere.[9]

Beopgochum[]

Beopgochum is another dance that is performed during Yeongsanjae. “Beopgo” refers to one of the Buddhist instruments that looks like a big drum made with wood.[10] Usually, Beopgochum is performed in a team of two:[11] one main person who performs the dance while another plays the instruments.[11] Unlike Barachum and Nabichum, Beopgochum contains rapid, big movements and loud sounds.[12] This dance is performed at the end of the ceremony, after Barachum and Nabichum. By performing the dance at the end, it expresses the joy and enthusiasm that the ritual has smoothly practiced.[11]

Nabichum[]

Nabichum was named because the dance moves resemble the appearance of nabi, which means a butterfly in Korean.[13] Nabichum contains the most gentle moves out of all the dances performed during the Yeongsnajae. Nabichum is performed during the offering and worshiping, in hopes of repentance.[13]

Music[]

Along with dances, traditional Korean instruments are played all throughout the ceremony.[6] Some of the instruments played at the Yeongsanjae are jang-gu (Korean drum), haegeum (string instruments ), and geomungo (instrument with six strings). In this ceremony, a special song, called Beompae is played.[6]

Procedures[]

There are a total of 12 steps to performing the Yeongsanjae and each step of the procedure has its own meaning.[14]

  1. Siryeon 시련(侍輦)
  2. Dae-ryung 대령(對靈)
  3. Gwanyok 관욕(灌浴)
  4. Jojeonjeoman 조전점안(造錢點眼)
  5. Sinjung-jackbeob 신중작법(神衆作法)
  6. Gwaebul-un 괘불이운(掛佛移運)
  7. Sangdan-gwongong 상단권공(上壇勸供)
  8. Beopmun 법문(法門)
  9. Sikdang-jakbeob 식당작법(食堂作法)
  10. Jungdan-gwangong 중단권공(中壇勸供)
  11. shisik 시식(施食)
  12. Bongsong 봉송(奉送)

References[]

  1. ^ 나무와종이, 한국의전통공예. 국립민속박물관. 2004. p. 323. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Yeongsanjae". Intangible Heritage List and Register. UNESCO. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  3. ^ "Korean Heritage". Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  4. ^ "영산재(靈山齋) - 한국민족문화대백과사전". encykorea.aks.ac.kr. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  5. ^ a b c Administration, Cultural Heritage. "Yeongsanjae (Celebration of Buddha's Sermon on Vulture Peak Mountain) - Heritage Search". Cultural Heritage Administration - English Site. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  6. ^ a b c d "Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity | Cultural Heritage Administration". english.cha.go.kr. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  7. ^ "영산재(靈山齋) - 한국민족문화대백과사전". encykorea.aks.ac.kr. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  8. ^ a b "바라춤은 어떤 의미인가요?". 법보신문 (in Korean). 2004-08-10. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
  9. ^ a b "바라춤 - 한국민족문화대백과사전". encykorea.aks.ac.kr. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
  10. ^ "법고춤(法鼓─) - 한국민족문화대백과사전". encykorea.aks.ac.kr. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
  11. ^ a b c "법고춤". terms.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2022-01-27.
  12. ^ "문화유산채널". www.k-heritage.tv (in Korean). Retrieved 2022-01-27.
  13. ^ a b "문화유산채널". www.k-heritage.tv (in Korean). Retrieved 2022-02-06.
  14. ^ heritage.unesco.or.kr https://heritage.unesco.or.kr/%EC%98%81%EC%82%B0%EC%9E%AC%E9%9D%88%E5%B1%B1%E9%BD%8B/?ckattempt=1. Retrieved 2022-02-06. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

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