Meraj Muhammad Khan

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Meraj Muhammad Khan Afridi
First General Secretary Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf[1]
In office
1998–2003
Founder and Chairman Qaumi Mahaz-i-Azadi (Party)[2]
In office
1977–Unknown
Minister of Labour and Manpower
In office
20 December 1971 – 13 August 1973
Preceded byAir Marshal Nur Khan
Succeeded byAbdul Qayyum Khan
Vice-President of the Pakistan Peoples Party
In office
30 November 1967 – 22 October 1974
Preceded byOffice Established
Succeeded byDr. Mubashir Hassan
Founding Member of the Pakistan Peoples Party
In office
30 November 1967 – 1977
President of National Students Federation
In office
4 July 1963 – 30 November 1967
Preceded byJohar Hassan
Succeeded byRasheed Hassan Khan
Personal details
Born(1938-10-20)20 October 1938
Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, British Raj
Died21 July 2016(2016-07-21) (aged 77)
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
CitizenshipPakistan
NationalityPakistani
Political partyPakistan Peoples Party
Other political
affiliations		Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
Alma materKarachi University
DJ Science College
OccupationPolitician
ProfessionPhilosopher
CabinetGovernment of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
AwardsHabib Jalib Award

Meraj Muhammad Khan Afridi (Urdu: معراج محمد خان‎; 20 October 1938 – 21 July 2016),[3] was a Pakistani socialist politician and philosopher. He was noted as one of the key philosophers and founding personality of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and as a major contributor to the initial Left of Centre/Social Democratic so-called Basic Programme of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). He was also founder of Qaumi Mahaz-i-Azadi which he founded after leaving PPP in 1977.

In addition, he was a well-known and influential socialist figure in the country, and known for his political struggle and advocacy against anti-capitalist convergence and the support of the social democracy.[4]

Early life[]

Meraj Muhammad Khan was born on 20 October 1938 in Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, British Indian Empire to an educated family of Zakha Khel Afridi tribe of Pashtun origin.[5][1] He was the youngest of four sons and his father, Hakeem Molvi Taj Muhammad Khan, was a homoeopath who practised the methods of Greek medicine in Quetta, Balochistan.[5] His elder brother was the famous Pakistani journalist Minhaj Barna.[6]

After graduating from a local high school in Quetta in 1956, Khan moved to Karachi where he attended DJ Science College and later pursued his higher education at Karachi University in 1957.[5] He earned a BA degree in philosophy and humanities in 1960, and an MA degree in philosophy in 1962.[5]

Communism and PPP activism[]

Meraj Muhammad Khan came to public prominence in the 1960s while studying at Karachi University. During this time, there was a debating competition in which students from all the colleges of Karachi were participating.[7] At this competition, some activists of the Communist Party were sitting in the audience, who asked him to join the Communist Party after he won that debating competition.[7]

He became an active member of the National Students Federation (NSF), eventually becoming NSF's president in 1963. Khan turned the NSF into a militant student political organisation that campaigned for the rights of students.[7] In 1967, he quit the NSF after secretly learning of a socialist convention being held in Lahore, Punjab.[7]

He was among those who founded the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and fully endorsed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto for the PPP's chairmanship.[7] Through the PPP, he went into mainstream politics and successfully contested the 1970 general elections on a PPP platform from a Karachi constituency called Lalukhait.[1][7]

Labour ministry (1971–1973)[]

In December 1971, Khan was appointed Minister for Manpower and directed the Ministry of Labour (MoL) in Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government.[7] In 1972, his tenure saw a major labour strike in Karachi; though it was peacefully resolved by Meraj's intervention.[8] It was later reported in newspapers and television that the labour strike was actually a competition between two PPP ministers, Meraj and Law Minister Abdul Hafiz Pirzada for the control of the labour.[8]

Meraj's radical leftist group was in direct competition against Law Minister Pirzada's Pro-Peking group. However, Meraj denied all accusations on the television.[8]

In 1973, Meraj fell out with the Bhutto government when Bhutto started to compromise on his so-called Socialist agenda and the regime resorted to repressive measures.[7] As time passed, his differences with Prime Minister Bhutto grew and he left the PPP to reorganise the NSF. However, Meraj fell into political isolation, never to regain his political credibility and popularity.[7]

Commenting on PPP, Meraj later revealed that "the radical (leftist) rhetoric was more than a mask designed to win and retain power."[9] He once said: "Ali Bhutto was a great man ... but he could be cruel."[10]

Political activism (1980s-until his death)[]

After leaving the PPP, he became a prominent democratic activist and leftist leader of the Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD) opposing the military government of President General Zia-ul-Haq.[11]

Awami Insaf and the birth of PTI Basic Programme[]

In 1998, he joined the center-left/centrist Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) headed by Imran Khan, but resigned from the party in 2003, citing differences with Khan.[11][1] He then joined the Mazdoor Kisan Party, which later merged with the Communist Party of Pakistan to form the Communist Mazdoor Kissan Party.[11]

Death[]

Meraj Muhammad Khan died at a local hospital in Karachi on 21 July 2016 at age 77. He had been hospitalized for a serious respiratory and lung problem for some time.[1][7]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Senior politician Meraj Muhammad Khan passes away". The News International (newspaper). Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  2. ^ "The left in Pakistan: a brief history – Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal". links.org.au. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  3. ^ "PPP founding member dies". The Nation (Pakistan) newspaper. 23 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  4. ^ Jones, edited by Mike O'Donnell, Bryn (2010). Resurgence of the Sixties: Radicalism Revisited. London: Anthem. ISBN 978-1-84331-895-8.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Naimat Khan (30 June 2013). "'His Excellency' Meraj Muhammad Khan". Frontier Post. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
  6. ^ Icon of struggle Barna is dead Dawn (newspaper), Published 14 January 2011, Retrieved 28 July 2019
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Khan, Lal (22 May 2009). "Pakistan's Other Story: 6. Witness to Revolution – Veterans of the 1968–69 upheaval". Marxist News, Pakistan. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c Khan, Naveeda (2012). Beyond Crisis: Re-evaluating Pakistan. Abingdon [u.k]: Routledge. ISBN 978-1136517587.
  9. ^ Ali, Tariq (2008). The Duel: Pakistan on the Flight Path of American Power. New York [u.s.]: Scribner. ISBN 978-1471105883.
  10. ^ Allam, Zalan. "Understanding Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto". sixhour.com website. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c Pakistan Herald. "Profile of Meraj Muhammad Khan". Pakistan Herald (newspaper). Retrieved 28 July 2019.
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