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Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Merry Christmas
A woman wearing a red suit with a snow background.
Studio album by
Mariah Carey
ReleasedOctober 28, 1994 (1994-10-28)
RecordedDecember 1993 – August 1994
StudioThe Hit Factory (New York City)
GenreChristmas
Length39:31
LabelColumbia
Producer
Mariah Carey chronology
Music Box
(1993) 		Merry Christmas
(1994) 		Daydream
(1995)
Singles from Merry Christmas
  1. "All I Want for Christmas Is You"
    Released: October 29, 1994
  2. "Joy to the World"
    Released: November 27, 1995

Merry Christmas is the first Christmas album, and the fourth studio album, by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. Released by Columbia Records on October 28, 1994, at the peak of the initial stretch of Carey's career, between Music Box (1993) and Daydream (1995), the album features cover versions of popular Christmas tunes and original material. Carey worked with Walter Afanasieff, with whom she wrote all of the original tracks, as well as producing Carey's interpretations of the covered material. Two singles were released from the album, of which "All I Want for Christmas Is You" went on to become one of the best-selling singles of all time and the best-selling holiday ringtone in the United States.

Critical response to the album's contemporary holiday theme was mixed. Some music critics complimented the "gospel and soul-inflected" vocals and even called it "Carey's best record" to date. Re-released on multiple occasions in various formats since its debut, the album has sold 5.7 million copies in the United States as of December 2019 and has been certified eight-times Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[1] Internationally, it reached number one in Japan, Latvia and Lithuania; as well as the top-ten in 16 other countries, including Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States.

On November 1, 2019, a new two-disc edition was released featuring live renditions, newer songs like "Oh Santa!" and "The Star", and numerous remixes in commemoration of the album's twenty-fifth anniversary. As of 2021, Merry Christmas has sold 15 million copies worldwide, and remains the all-time best-selling Christmas album by a woman.

Background[]

Carey has expressed her belief in God and her connection between music and spirituality, and felt the album was finally a way to portray her mysticism into music.[2] After the success of Carey's previous effort, Music Box, there was speculation of a new project in the works; however it was not until October 1994, only one month before the album's release, that Billboard announced Carey would be releasing a holiday album for the Christmas season.[3] Initially, critics were shocked; they did not know how Carey would fare as an entertainer, as she had previously only been viewed as a pop star.[2] Nevertheless, Carey, unaffected by the speculation, continued working on, and promoting the album in high spirits, confidence in her work.[2] The idea proved to be wise, earning Carey recognition in various markets including Christian radio and contemporary R&B stations, as well as extended her fame in Japan, where the album experienced much of its success.[2]

Conception and composition[]

Throughout the album's development, Carey worked extensively with Walter Afanasieff, with whom she collaborated extensively on Emotions (1991) and Music Box (1993).[2] Together, they wrote all three of the album's original songs, as well as producing most of the traditional tracks at The Hit Factory, in New York.[2]

Merry Christmas boasted a variety of musical arrangements, sounds, and genres. Carey's goal was to provide an album that would have a "Christmas feel", providing a mixture of soulful tracks, as well as fun and joyous holiday treats.[2] The song "Jesus, Oh What a Wonderful Child", produced by Carey, Afannasief, and Holland, was described as an arrangement of a traditional gospel standard that "really took flight". The song was recorded in a church, with many live backup singers and children playing tambourines and other melodious instruments.[3] The goal was to produce a "real church flavored song", in which Loris Holland played the keyboards and allowed Carey's voice to "cut loose".[3] According to Chris Nickson, Carey's love of gospel music came through on the track, writing, "[she] led the band without pushing herself forward, letting the song develop and work out, trading lines with the chorus until, after the crescendo, the musicians moved into a fast double-time to the end."[3]

"You have to have a nice balance between standard Christian hymns and fun songs. It was definitely a priority for me to write at least a few new songs, but for the most part, people really want to hear the standards at Christmas, no matter how good a new song is."

—Carey, describing Merry Christmas during an interview with CD Review[3]

"All I Want for Christmas Is You", the album's lead single was described as an "up-tempo love song, one that could have easily been written for Tommy Mottola".[3] "Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)", another one of the album's original tracks, was very different from its whimsical predecessor. The song was described as a "sad ballad", in line with many of Carey's previous hit singles.[3] The song featured a synthesized orchestra, including keyboard notes courtesy of Afanasieff, during which Carey would sing to her "long-gone lover, crystallizing the way that Christmas brought memories of the past into focus."[3] According to Nickson, it was "Jesus Born on This Day", that was the most impressive original track on the album. It was described as a "full-blown production number", which again featured synthesized orchestra, as well as a live children's choir.[3] The song's tune was described as "solemn and hymn-like, but the arrangement, oddly, made it less religious and rather more glitzy, behind the lyrics that overtly praised Jesus."[3]

In addition, Carey recorded a cover of "Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)" by Darlene Love, as well as classics such as "Silent Night", "O Holy Night" and "Joy to the World".[3] The latter song, which was used as a promotional single, was remixed several times and sent to various clubs; adding to the album's range of listeners.[3] Record producer and composer, Loris Holland, co-produced some of the albums gospel flavored tracks, including "Silent Night", where he arranged the backing vocals and synthesizers.[3] Carey's rendition of "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town", was deemed as "one of the more playful tracks on the album", alongside "Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)".[3]

Promotion[]

Further information: All I Want For Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy & Festivity
A woman wearing a long black gown. She has long golden hair and is holding a sparkling microphone. She is standing on a large red stage, surrounded by dancers in white attire. Additional background scenery include the audience and three background singers wearing white ensembles and standing on a large platform.
Carey performing "All I Want for Christmas is You" at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida, on December 3, 2010.

In the United States, Carey started promotion for Merry Christmas with a live concert at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine on December 8, 1994, performing for the first time several tracks from the album, including "All I Want for Christmas Is You",[4] which was later performed on several of her concert tours, including the Japanese shows of Carey's Daydream World Tour (1996), Butterfly World Tour (1998), Rainbow World Tour (2000), Charmbracelet World Tour (2003) and The Adventures of Mimi Tour (2006), due to the massive success of the song in Japan, which became her best-selling single in the country. On December 25, 2001, she appeared on the Christmas special BET Christmas Remembrances Special, where she performed "Joy to the World" and her hit "One Sweet Day" with Boyz II Men. Three years later, she appeared in 2004 Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade, where she performed "Joy to the World" and "All I Want for Christmas is You".[5]

On December 3, 2008, she performed "Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)" at the 2008 Grammy Nomination Concert.[6] A year later, Carey sang the So So Def remix version of "All I Want for Christmas is You" at the opening night of her Angels Advocate Tour on New Year's Eve.[7] On November 9, 2010, Carey taped a live Christmas Special, which was titled Mariah Carey: Merry Christmas To You and aired on December 13, 2010, on ABC, where she performed "All I Want for Christmas is You", "Joy to the World", "O Holy Night" and several tracks from her second Christmas album Merry Christmas II You (2010).[8] Other live performances of "All I Want for Christmas is You" includes the 2010 Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade,[9] Christmas In Rockefeller Center (in 2012, 2013 and 2014) and Late Night with Jimmy Fallon in 2012, where she performed the song alongside Jimmy Fallon and The Roots. Carey also performed "All I Want for Christmas is You" with Michael Bublé for his third Annual Christmas Special in December 2013. She also performed the song at the 91st Annual National Christmas Tree Lighting on December 16, 2013.

In 2015, Carey taped a special titled Mariah Carey's Merriest Christmas, where she performed "All I Want for Christmas is You", "Joy to the World", "Silent Night", "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" / "Gloria (In Excelsis Deo)" and "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen", alongside tracks from Merry Christmas II You. During The Late Late Show with James Corden on December 15, 2016, Carey sang "All I Want for Christmas is You" on the popular feature Carpool Karaoke. Fellow singers Adele, Lady Gaga, Demi Lovato, Nick Jonas, Elton John, Selena Gomez, Gwen Stefani, Coldplay's Chris Martin and the band Red Hot Chili Peppers were featured in the video.[10] Carey also performed the song at The Wonderful World of Disney: Magical Holiday Celebration, VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night and Disney Parks Magical Christmas Celebration in 2016. In December 2019, Carey returned to The Late Late Show to perform the song for its 25th anniversary.[11]

To celebrate the 20th anniversary of Merry Christmas, Carey embarked on her first Christmas concert residency, All I Want For Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy & Festivity, which began on December 15, 2014 at the Beacon Theatre in New York City, and ended on December 15, 2019, after completing eight legs and fifty-six shows in North America and Europe. On December 1, 2020, Carey performed a medley of "Heroes", "Hero", and "Joy to the World" at Good Morning America, two days prior to her Christmas special Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special, where she re-recorded and performed several songs from the album.[12][13]

Singles[]

"All I Want for Christmas Is You" was released as the album's lead single on October 29, 1994,[14] and was sent to top-forty and adult contemporary stations.[2] It is Carey's biggest international hit of her career, breaking several records worldwide and topping the charts in twenty-six countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the UK Singles chart and the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming the best-selling Christmas song by a female artist and one of the best-selling singles of all time, selling over 17 million copies worldwide. To date, the song was certified eight-times Platinum in the US, and five-times Platinum in the UK.

"Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)", was released as the album's first promotional single on November 15, 1994 and sent to R&B radio stations.[2][15] "Jesus Born on This Day", was sent to Christian and gospel radio stations in 1994 as the second promotional single.[2][15] Originally released as the third promotional single in 1994,[2][15] "Joy to the World" was later commercially released as the album's second single in Australia on November 27, 1995, becoming a top-forty hit there.[16] "O Holy Night" was released as the fourth promotional single in 1996, and later peaked at number 77 in Italy and number 70 on the US Holiday 100 chart, later being certified Gold in the United States.

Her cover version of Darlene Love's "Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)" reached the top-twenty on the US Holiday 100 chart, and the top-forty in Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and the Netherlands, and was certified Gold in the United States.

Critical reception[]

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic4/5 stars[17]
Entertainment WeeklyC[18]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music2/5 stars[19]
Los Angeles Times2/4 stars[20]
Pitchfork7.3/10[21]
Q3/5 stars[22]

In the Los Angeles Times, Chris Willman wrote that Carey "attempts her share of girl-group pop amid the quasi-gospel melisma, though still not evidencing as much personality as talent in either style".[20] The New York Times journalist Jon Pareles was more critical in his review. "Regardless of backup, Ms. Carey oversings, glutting songs with her vocal tics—like sliding down from the note above the melody note—and turning expressions of devotion into narcissistic displays."[23] Chris Dickinson from the Chicago Tribune called the singer a "trilling songbird" and "over-the-top irritant" throughout the album, particularly on "All I Want for Christmas Is You", where she "sounds like a bush-league Petula Clark".[24] The newspaper later named it the seventh worst Christmas album ever.[25]

J. D. Considine was more enthusiastic in The Baltimore Sun. In his opinion, Merry Christmas "may look like just another attempt to cash in on Christmas cheer, but is actually the work of someone who genuinely loves this music". Considine said while Carey's gospel and soul-inflected vocal exercises worked well with the traditional songs, "the album's real strength is the conviction she brings to otherwise corny fare like 'Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town', while the way she augments 'Joy to the World' with a bit of the Three Dog Night hit is pure genius."[26] Steve Morse from The Boston Globe argued that it was perhaps Carey's best record, on which she abandoned the overly polished sound of her previous albums and "cut loose with unbridled soul".[27]

In a retrospective review, Barry Schwartz of Stylus Magazine believed Merry Christmas may have been "the definitive Mariah Carey album", finding the singer at "her absolute creative and commercial peak, her voice still a marvel, her songs and performances still undeniably brilliant".[28] AllMusic editor Roch Parisien deemed "All I Want for Christmas Is You" the record's highlight while lamenting Carey's "high opera" pretensions on "O Holy Night" and her dance/club rendition of "Joy to the World".[17]

Commercial performance[]

A woman wearing a long white dress. She has long golden hair and is holding a sparkling microphone. She is standing on a large red stage, surrounded by dancers in Santa Claus outfits and generally festive attire.
Carey performing "All I Want for Christmas Is You" at the National Christmas Tree Lighting ceremony near the White House on December 6, 2013.

Merry Christmas was released in the United States on November 1, 1994, and debuted at number thirty on the US Billboard 200 with 45,000 copies sold in its first week.[2][29] In its fifth week, the album peaked at number three, with sales of 208,000 copies, but experienced its highest sales in its sixth week (when it was at number six), with another 500,000 copies sold. The album was the second best-selling holiday album that year with a total of 1,859,000 copies sold.[30] It remained in the top twenty for eight weeks and on the Billboard 200 for thirteen weeks, reentering the chart three times; peaking at number 149 the first time, 115 the second and at 61 the third (it has spent a total of 100 weeks on the chart).[31] On December 14, 2020, Merry Christmas was certified eight-times Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipment of eight million copies in the US.[1] As of December 2019, the album has sold 5.7 million copies in the US[32] and is one of the best-selling holiday albums in the United States.

In Japan, Merry Christmas became Carey's first number-one album in the country. The album experienced its highest sales in Japan, where it sold 2.8 million copies and became the fourth best-selling album by a non-Asian solo artist.[33][34][35]

In Europe, Merry Christmas experienced success, peaking at number one in Latvia and Lithuania; at number two in Sweden and the Netherlands; at number four in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland; and at number five in Estonia. It also reached the top ten in Finland, Italy, Portugal, and the European Top 100 Albums. To date, Merry Christmas was certified three-times Platinum in Denmark and Norway, both by International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. It was also certified Platinum in Italy and the Netherlands; and Gold in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. In the United Kingdom, Merry Christmas peaked at number 32 on the UK Albums chart, and it was certified Platinum. Additionally, Merry Christmas became the first Christmas album to reach number one on the UK R&B Albums chart, as the album topped the chart during the week of November 8, 2019, becoming Carey's eleventh number-one album on the chart, replacing Kanye West's Jesus Is King, and being replaced by Post Malone's Hollywood's Bleeding.[36]

In Australia, the album peaked at number two, and was certified six-times Platinum, denoting shipments of 420,000 copies and finishing 11th on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) 1994 End of Year Chart.[37][38] Merry Christmas has sold 15 million copies worldwide, and remains the all-time best-selling Christmas album by a woman.[39][40][41]

Track listing[]

All tracks are produced by Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey, except where noted.

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Silent Night"Franz Xaver Gruber
3:39
2."All I Want for Christmas Is You"
 4:01
3."O Holy Night"Adolphe Adam 4:27
4."Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)"
 2:33
5."Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)"
  • Carey
  • Afanasieff
 4:32
6."Joy to the World"
 4:18
7."Jesus Born on This Day"
  • Carey
  • Afanasieff
 3:41
8."Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town"
 3:24
9."Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" / "Gloria (In Excelsis Deo)"First title: Cummings after Mendelssohn / Second title: Traditional
  • Afanasieff
  • Carey
  • Holland[a]
2:59
10."Jesus Oh What a Wonderful Child"Traditional
  • Afanasieff
  • Carey
  • Holland[a]
4:26
Total length:38:00
International edition / 2005 reissue / Deluxe Anniversary edition (disc one) bonus track[42][43][44]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
11."God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen"Traditional1:19
Total length:39:19
2005 reissue bonus track
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
12."Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" (Anniversary Mix)
  • Coots
  • Gillespie
2:45
Total length:42:04
2005 reissue bonus DVD
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" (Anniversary Mix)
  • Coots
  • Gillespie
 
2."All I Want for Christmas Is You"
  • Afanasieff
  • Carey
 
3."Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)"
  • Afanasieff
  • Carey
 
4."All I Want for Christmas Is You" (J.D. Remix Animated)
  • Afanasieff
  • Carey
 
5."Joy to the World" (Celebration Mix Video)
  • Traditional
  • Axton
 
6."O Holy Night"Adolphe Adam 
7."All I Want for Christmas Is You" (Black & White Video Version)
  • Afanasieff
  • Carey
 
8."Joy to the World" (Live at St. John the Divine)
  • Traditional
  • Axton
 
Deluxe Anniversary edition (disc two)[43][44]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Sugar Plum Fairy Introlude"
  • Traditional
0:44
2."All I Want for Christmas Is You" (Live at The Cathedral of St. John the Divine)
  • Afanasieff
  • Carey
5:06
3."Silent Night" (Live at The Cathedral of St. John the Divine)
3:44
4."Joy to the World" (Live at The Cathedral of St. John the Divine)
  • Traditional
5:40
5."Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" / "Gloria (In Excelsis Deo)" (Live at The Cathedral of St. John the Divine)
  • Traditional
3:03
6."Jesus Born on This Day" (Live at The Cathedral of St. John the Divine)
  • Afanasieff
  • Carey
3:46
7."Santa Claus is Comin' to Town" (Live at The Cathedral of St. John the Divine)
  • Traditional
3:27
8."Oh Santa!" (from Merry Christmas II You, 2010)
  • Mariah Carey
  • Jermaine Dupri
  • Bryan-Michael Cox
3:31
9."Christmas Time Is in the Air Again" (from Merry Christmas II You, 2010)
  • Carey
  • Marc Shaiman
3:02
10."When Christmas Comes" (with John Legend) (from Merry Christmas II You, 2010)
  • Carey
  • James Poyser
4:46
11."The Star"
  • Carey
  • Shaiman
4:01
12."Lil Snowman"
  • Carey
  • Mason Jr.
  • Brodie
  • Marks
3:19
13."Santa Claus is Comin' to Town" (Anniversary Mix)
  • J. Fred Coots
2:46
14."All I Want for Christmas Is You" (So So Def Remix) (featuring Jermaine Dupri & Bow Wow)
  • Carey
  • Afanasieff
  • Baker
  • Robie
  • Bambaataa
  • Allen
  • Williams
  • Huetter
  • Schultz
3:44
15."All I Want for Christmas Is You" (Mariah's New Dance Mix Extended 2009)
  • Carey
  • Afanasieff
6:42
16."Joy to the World" (Celebration Mix)
  • Traditional
8:00
17."Joy to the World" (Flava Mix)
  • Traditional
7:06
18."Sugar Plum Fairy Introlude" (Acapella)
  • Traditional
0:41
Total length:73:07
Japanese edition bonus track
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
19."All I Want for Christmas Is You" (Live at the Tokyo Dome)
  • Carey
  • Afanasieff
4:55
Total length:78:02

Notes

  • ^a signifies a co-producer

Sample credits

Personnel[]

Credits adapted from AllMusic.[45]

Charts[]

Certifications and sales[]

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[103] 6× Platinum 420,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[104] Gold 25,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[105] 2× Platinum 200,000double-dagger
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[106] 3× Platinum 60,000double-dagger
Germany (BVMI)[107] Gold 250,000^
Italy
1994-1995 sales 		— 200,000[108]
Italy (FIMI)[109]
sales since 2009 		Platinum 50,000*
Japan (RIAJ)[110] 2× Million 2,800,000[35][34]
Netherlands (NVPI)[111] Platinum 100,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[112] Gold 7,500^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[113] 3× Platinum 60,000*
Singapore (RIAS)[114] Platinum 10,000*
South Korea — 468,438[115]
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[116] Gold 25,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[118] Platinum 320,000[117]
United States (RIAA)[1] 8× Platinum 5,700,000[32]
Summaries
Europe (IFPI)[119] Platinum 1,000,000*
Worldwide — 15,000,000[39]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
double-dagger Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history[]

Region Date Format(s) Version Distributor(s) Ref.
Europe October 28, 1994 CD International Columbia [120]
Japan October 29, 1994 SMEJ [121]
United States November 1, 1994 Standard Columbia [122]
Australia November 7, 1994 International Columbia [123]
Japan November 27, 2002 SMEJ [124]
November 3, 2004 [125]
United States October 25, 2005
International + bonus track Columbia [126]
Japan November 30, 2005
SMEJ [127]
Europe November 3, 2008
  • CD
 International Sony BMG [120][128]
United States October 23, 2015
[129]
Europe [120]
Various November 1, 2019
Deluxe Anniversary Edition
[130]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b c "American album certifications – Mariah Carey – Merry Christmas". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Nickson 1998, p. 133
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Nickson 1998, p. 134
  4. ^ Torres, Alejandra (November 21, 2019). "You can now watch Mariah Carey's first performance of 'All I Want for Christmas' on repeat". Hola!. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  5. ^ "The Stars Are Heading Down Santa Claus Lane". Disney. December 21, 2004. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  6. ^ "Mariah Carey "Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)"". GRAMMY.com. December 20, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  7. ^ "Mariah Rings In 2010 at Madison Square Garden, NY". Mariahcarey.com. January 1, 2010. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  8. ^ "Mariah Tapes ABC Christmas Special, Grants A Fan's Wish". Mariahcarey.com. November 9, 2010. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  9. ^ "Mariah Performs at Disney Christmas Day Parade". Mariahcarey.com. December 4, 2010. Archived from the original on December 7, 2010. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  10. ^ "Watch Adele, Chris Martin, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mariah Carey and more in 'Carpool Karaoke' Christmas special – NME". NME. December 16, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  11. ^ "Watch Mariah Carey Perform 'Oh Santa' on 'Corden'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  12. ^ "Watch Mariah Carey's Moving 'Hero' Medley Dedicated to New York's Frontline Workers". Billboard. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  13. ^ ""Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special" debuts Friday, December 4 on Apple TV+". Apple TV+ Press. November 18, 2020. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  14. ^ "恋人たちのクリスマス" [Lovers' Christmas] (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  15. ^ a b c Shapiro, Marc (2001). Mariah Carey. ECW Press. p. 155. ISBN 9781550224443. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  16. ^ The ARIA Report. 302. ARIA. November 26, 1995. p. 20.
  17. ^ a b Parisien, Roch. "Merry Christmas -Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  18. ^ Browne, David (November 18, 1994). "Music Reviews: Winter Holiday Albums". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  19. ^ Larkin, Colin (2011). "Mariah Carey". Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0857125958.
  20. ^ a b Willman, Chris (November 27, 1994). "Chestnuts Vie With Jingle Bell Schlock". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  21. ^ Juzwiak, Rich (November 29, 2019). "Mariah Carey: Merry Christmas: Deluxe Anniversary Edition". Pitchfork. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  22. ^ "Review". Q. January 1995. p. 246.
  23. ^ Parales, Jon (December 16, 1994). "Songs That Can Add a Merry Beat to Christmas". The New York Times. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
  24. ^ Dickinson, Chris (December 11, 1994). "In the Key of C". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  25. ^ "Ho-ho-hokum: Our 10 worst holiday albums". Chicago Tribune. November 30, 2008. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  26. ^ Considine, J.D. (December 11, 1994). "In the days before Christmas, seasonal CDs come into play". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
  27. ^ Morse, Steve (December 4, 1994). "Carey marks the season with music, good works". Boston Globe. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
  28. ^ Schwartz, Barry (December 21, 2006). "On Second Thought: Mariah Carey – Merry Christmas". Stylus. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
  29. ^ Harmata, Claudia (September 30, 2019). "Mariah Carey Celebrates 25th Anniversary of Merry Christmas with Holiday Tour — and Album Re-Release". People. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  30. ^ "Yahoo Music". Archived from the original on December 11, 2009.
  31. ^ "Mariah Carey – Merry Christmas". Billboard. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  32. ^ a b Caulfield, Keith (December 9, 2019). "Mariah Carey's 'Merry Christmas' Album Jingles Back to Top 10 on Billboard 200 Chart". Billboard. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
  33. ^ Mariah Carey "#1's". Billboard. Recording Industry Association of Japan. January 23, 1999. p. 49. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
  34. ^ a b Carey's Ubiquitous Japanese Success. Billboard. January 27, 1996. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
  35. ^ a b "Top > Discography > All I Want For Christmas Is You (Color Vinyl / Christmas Red Color) [Limited Production / 7-inch – analog board]" (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment Japan. October 24, 2018. Archived from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  36. ^ "8 November 2019 - 14 November 2019". London: Official Charts Company. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  37. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2016 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
  38. ^ "ARIA Charts – End of Year Charts – Top 50 Albums 1994". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  39. ^ a b Thompson, Tom (April 19, 2008). "Let the Yuel Duel Begin". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  40. ^ "Old chestnuts roasting: ghosts of Christmas music past". The Independent. December 11, 2007. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  41. ^ McCann, Bob (2010). Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television. McFarland & Company. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7864-3790-0.
  42. ^ "Top > Discography > Merry Christmas" (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment Japan. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  43. ^ a b Kaufman, Gil (November 1, 2019). "It's November 1st, and Mariah Carey Has Decided 'It's Time' For Christmas With a Few Early Presents For Fans". Billboard. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  44. ^ a b Rashed, Ayana (November 1, 2019). "Mariah Carey Unveils Merry Christmas (Deluxe Anniversary Edition)". Magazine. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  45. ^ "Merry Christmas – Mariah Carey – Credits – AllMusic". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  46. ^ "Australiancharts.com – Mariah Carey – Merry Christmas". Hung Medien. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
  47. ^ "Austriancharts.at – Mariah Carey – Merry Christmas" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
  48. ^ "Hits of the World" (PDF). Billboard. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
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References[]

  • Nickson, Chris (1998). Mariah Carey revisited: her story. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-19512-0.

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