Micrognathism

Micrognathism
Other names	Micrognathia, strawberry chin, hypognathia[1] hypognathism
Girl with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
Specialty	Medical genetics

Micrognathism is a condition where the jaw is undersized. It is also sometimes called mandibular hypoplasia.^{[citation needed]} It is common in infants,^{[citation needed]} but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws' increasing in size. It may be a cause of abnormal tooth alignment and in severe cases can hamper feeding.^[2] It can also, both in adults and children, make intubation difficult, either during anesthesia or in emergency situations.

Causes[]

While not always pathological, it can present as a birth defect in multiple syndromes including:

• Catel–Manzke syndrome^[3]
• Bloom syndrome
• Coffin–Lowry syndrome
• Congenital rubella syndrome
• Cri du chat syndrome
• DiGeorge syndrome
• Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
• Fetal alcohol syndrome
• Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
• Hemifacial microsomia (as part of Goldenhar syndrome)
• Incontinentia pigmenti
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Marfan syndrome
• Möbius syndrome
• Noonan syndrome
• Pierre Robin syndrome
• Prader–Willi syndrome
• Progeria
• Silver–Russell syndrome
• Seckel syndrome
• Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
• Treacher Collins syndrome
• Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)
• Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
• Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
• Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
• X0 syndrome (Turner syndrome)

Diagnosis[]

It can be detected by the naked eye as well as dental or skull X-Ray testing.^{[citation needed]}

See also[]

• Human mandible
• Macrognathism
• Retrognathism

References[]

External links[]

• "Micrognathia". Medline Plus. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2011.