Page semi-protected

Min Aung Hlaing

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In this Burmese name, the given name is Min Aung Hlaing. There is no family name.
Senior General

Min Aung Hlaing
မင်းအောင်လှိုင်
Мин Аун Хлайн в Татарстане 04 (25-06-2021) (cropped 2).jpg
Min Aung Hlaing in 2021
Chairman of the State Administration Council
Assumed office
2 February 2021
PresidentMyint Swe (acting)
DeputySoe Win
Preceded byAung San Suu Kyi
(as State Counsellor)
Prime Minister of Myanmar
Assumed office
1 August 2021
PresidentMyint Swe (acting)
DeputySoe Win
Preceded byThein Sein (in 2011)
Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
Assumed office
30 March 2011
PresidentThein Sein
Htin Kyaw
Win Myint
Myint Swe (acting)
DeputySoe Win
State CounsellorAung San Suu Kyi
Preceded byThan Shwe
Personal details
Born (1956-07-03) 3 July 1956 (age 65)
Tavoy, Burma
(now Dawei, Myanmar)
NationalityBurmese
Spouse(s)Kyu Kyu Hla
ChildrenMultiple, including:
Aung Pyae Sone
Khin Thiri Thet Mon
Alma materRangoon Arts and Sciences University (LL.B)
Defence Services Academy
AwardsMaha Thray Sithu
Honorary Malaysian Armed Forces Order for Valour (First Degree)
Gallant Commander of Malaysian Armed Forces
Knight Grand Cross First Class of the Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant of Thailand
Websitewww.seniorgeneralminaunghlaing.com.mm
Military service
Allegiance Myanmar
Branch/service Myanmar Army
Years of service1974–present
RankSenior General.gif Senior General
CommandsCommander-in-Chief of the Tatmadaw
Joint Chief of Staff
Chief of Bureau of Special Operations-2 (BSO-2)

Min Aung Hlaing (Burmese: မင်းအောင်လှိုင်; born 3 July 1956) is a Burmese politician and army general who serves as the prime minister of Myanmar since August 2021. Also the Commander-in-chief of Defence Services since March 2011, he rose to power as Chairman of the State Administration Council (SAC) through the February 2021 coup d'état.[1][2] He previously served as Joint Chief of Staff of the Ministry of Defence from 2010 to 2011 and was a member of the National Defence and Security Council (NDSC) chaired by the president of Myanmar.[3]

Born in Tavoy, Burma, Min Aung Hlaing studied law at the Rangoon Arts and Science University, before joining the military. Rising through its ranks, he became a five-star general by 2013.[4] During the period of civilian rule from 2011 to 2021, Min Aung Hlaing worked to ensure the military's continued role in politics, and forestalled the peace process with ethnic armed groups. Min Aung Hlaing was closely involved with the military's crackdown on the Rohingyas which led to the Rohingya Crisis.

Claiming voting irregularities and electoral fraud in the 2020 Myanmar general election, Min Aung Hlaing seized power through the 2021 coup.[5][6] Having detained several lawmakers, the President U Win Myint and State Counsellor Daw Aung San Su Kyi, he established the interim State Administration Council (SAC). With the outbreak of the 2021 Myanmar protests, Min Aung Hlaing has ordered a clampdown and suppression of demonstrations.[7] With allegations of human rights abuse and corruption, Min Aung Hlaing has been subjected to a series of international sanctions.

Early life and education

Min Aung Hlaing was born on 3 July 1956 in Tavoy, Burma (now Dawei, Myanmar). His father, Thaung Hlaing, is a former civil engineer at the Ministry of Construction.[8]

Min Aung Hlaing passed his matriculation exam in 1972 at BEHS 1 Latha of Rangoon (now Yangon).[8][9] He attended and studied law at the Rangoon Arts and Science University from 1973 to 1974. He was admitted to the Defence Services Academy as part of the 19th Intake in 1974 on his third attempt, where he graduated.[10] According to classmates, Min Aung Hlaing was taciturn, and an unremarkable cadet.[11] He was reportedly shunned by classmates because of his reserved personality.[8]

Career

Following graduation, Min Aung Hlaing went on to serve in different command positions, rising slowly through the ranks.[11] Early in his career, military colleagues gave him a nickname referring to cat feces, "something deposited quietly but leaving a powerful stink."[12] As he rose through the ranks, Min Aung Hlaing earned a reputation as a hardliner.[8] His military work earned him the favour of Senior General Than Shwe.[13] Min Aung Hlaing is characterized as having a "big man" management style not conducive to collaboration or listening.[13]

In 2002, he was promoted to commander of the  [my] in Eastern Shan State and was a central figure in negotiations with two rebel groups, the United Wa State Army (UWSA) and the National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA).[8] Min Aung Hlaing was reportedly close with former Thai Prime Minister and General Prem Tinsulanonda, considering Prem a father figure.[14][15]

Min Aung Hlaing supported the military crackdown of the Saffron Revolution in 2008.[8] He rose to prominence in 2009 after leading an offensive against the insurgent Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army in Kokang.[16] In June 2010, Min Aung Hlaing replaced General Shwe Mann as Joint Chief of Staff of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.[8]

Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces

2011–2015: Union Solidarity and Development Party rule

In the lead-up to 2011, the military began embarking on a series of political reforms to transition Myanmar to a quasi-democracy. The ruling junta, the State Peace and Development Council, engineered its formal departure from power, after holding the 2010 Myanmar general election, which was won by the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), the military's proxy party. On 30 March 2011, outgoing head of state, Senior General Than Shwe, then the incumbent Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar's Armed Forces, appointed Min Aung Hlaing as his successor, ahead of more senior officers.[17][18] Min Aung Hlaing's appointment coincided with USDP's rise to power, during which he oversaw a series of military reforms, and supported efforts by the USDP-led government to strike peace deals with ethnic armed groups.[17]

In November 2011, according to The Irrawaddy News, it was "widely believed" that following Min Aung Hlaing's meetings with Chinese military officials that month and his leadership in creating a bilateral agreement on defense cooperation with the Chinese, he had also held talks with Chinese Vice-President Xi Jinping regarding cooperation from China with respect to the Kachin Conflict.[16]

On 27 March 2012, during a speech in Naypyidaw, Min Aung Hlaing defended the military's continued role in national politics.[16][19] On 3 April 2012, the Government of Myanmar announced that Min Aung Hlaing had been promoted to vice-senior general, the second highest rank in Myanmar's Armed Forces.[16] He was promoted to senior general in March 2013.

In 2014, as Min Aung Hlaing approached the age of 60, which is the mandatory age of retirement for military officers, the Armed Forces' Department of Defence Council issued a directive, enabling Min Aung Hlaing to extend his mandatory retirement age to 65, in 2021.[20]

In August 2015, the USDP fractured, and President Thein Sein purged the faction led by Shwe Mann, a former general and Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.[17] Min Aung Hlaing oversaw a direct military intervention to oust Shwe Mann from power, indicating the military's desire to continue furthering its agenda through USDP.[21] Shwe Mann had advocated for legislation and constitutional amendments that would have decreased the military's influence, against the interests of the military and USDP.[21]

2016–2020: Transition to National League for Democracy rule

Min Aung Hlaing meeting with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi on 29 July 2015
Min Aung Hlaing meeting with Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar on 20 March 2017

The 2015 Myanmar general election saw the National League for Democracy (NLD), led by Aung San Suu Kyi, win in a landslide. With the transition from an USDP to NLD-led government, Min Aung Hlaing shifted his priorities to recovering state power for the military establishment.[17] His intransigence and refusal to cooperate with the civilian-led government undermined progress toward Myanmar's peace process.[17] As the NLD assumed power, Min Aung Hlaing began intensifying an ongoing military crackdown on the Rohingya, beginning in October 2016.[22][23] At the Union Peace Conference - 21st Century Panglong in August 2020, he sharply warned the NLD against scapegoating the military for its role in the ongoing ethnic conflicts.[24]

Min Aung Hlaing also began to signal his interest in civilian politics.[17] He began assuming a more statesman-like persona, and became increasingly assertive about the military's role.[24][12] In the lead-up to the 2020 Myanmar general election, he worked with the USDP to position himself as the next President.[24] Throughout 2019, Min Aung Hlaing made several public appearances dubbed a "charm offensive," at several religious sites and charity functions,[25] raising speculation about his political ambitions.[26][20] To cultivate his public persona, he began two Facebook pages that commanded a combined following of 4.1 million followers.[27][28] In January 2020, Min Aung Hlaing met with Chinese leader Xi Jinping in Nay Pyi Taw. Xi promoted the practical cooperation under the framework of the One Belt One Road to achieve results at an early date and benefit Myanmar's people.[29] In May 2020, Min Aung Hlaing reshuffled senior military ranks, promoting a new generation of officers loyal to Min Aung Hlaing, including Kyaw Swar Lin, who became the military's youngest lieutenant-general.[30]

2020–present: Military coup

In November 2020, Min Aung Hlaing made a series of public comments questioning the legitimacy of the upcoming 2020 election, in potential violation of the Civil Services Personnel Law.[31] On 5 November, the Tatmadaw declared that Min Aung Hlaing's rank is equivalent to Vice President of Myanmar.[32] After casting his ballot in the 2020 election, Min Aung Hlaing vowed to accept the election results.[33] The 2020 election saw NLD win in a larger landslide than in 2015, forestalling Min Aung Hlaing's political ambitions. In response, the military began intensifying allegations of electoral fraud and irregularities, submitting formal complaints to the Union Election Commission. On 27 January 2021, Min Aung Hlaing publicly remarked that he would not rule out a coup d'état and abolition of the constitution, if allegations of voter fraud during last year’s election were not adequately addressed.[34] These comments sparked concern about another potential coup in the country.[35] The following day, the Union Election Commission issued a statement rejecting claims of electoral fraud, citing the lack of evidence submitted to substantiate these claims.[36] On 29 January, the military issued clarifying statements pledging to protect and abide by the constitution and applicable laws.[37]

By violating 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, on 1 February 2021, Min Aung Hlaing detained elected democracy leaders including President U Win Myint, State Councillor Daw Aung San Su Kyi and declared himself as commander in chief of Myanmar, one day before democratically-elected members of parliament were scheduled to be sworn in as members of the Assembly of the Union. The following day, he established the State Administration Council as the country's interim ruling body.[38][39]

On 22 May 2021, Min Aung Hlaing gave his first interview since the coup to Hong Kong-based Chinese language Phoenix Television. During the interview, he referred to deposed leader Aung San Suu Kyi and he said that she "is in good health. She is at her home and healthy. She is going to face trial at the court in a few days."[40] On the same day, Myanmar Now reported that shortly after the coup, Min Aung Hlaing appointed himself indefinitely as the commander-in-chief and therefore the de facto leader of Myanmar.[41]

Six months after the coup, on 1 August 2021, Min Aung Hlaing formed a caretaker government and established himself as the country's prime minister.[42][43][44]He still hold the position, Chairman of SAC.[45][46][47]

Rohingya genocide

Main article: Rohingya genocide

The UNHRC reported that Min Aung Hlaing's soldiers have been deliberately targeting civilians in Northern states of Myanmar and have been committing systemic discrimination and human rights violations against minority communities in Rakhine State.[48] In particular, he has been accused of ethnic cleansing against the Rohingya people.[49] These human rights violations could amount to genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.[50]

In 2018, the United Nations Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar, led by Marzuki Darusman, determined that Min Aung Hlaing and other Myanmar military generals oversaw atrocities against the Rohingya in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan states, and did so with genocidal intent.[51] The UN investigative panel said that Min Aung Hlaing, along with four other commanders (Soe Win, Aung Kyaw Zaw, Maung Maung Soe, and Than Oo) should be tried for war crimes and crimes against humanity (including genocide) in the International Criminal Court or an ad hoc international tribunal.[51]

Facebook banned Min Aung Hlaing from its platform along with 19 other top Burmese officials and organisations to prevent further heated ethnic and religious tensions in Myanmar. This action followed a UN investigation's report that certain military leaders in Myanmar be investigated and prosecuted for genocide over a crackdown on Rohingya Muslims.[52][53] Twitter later banned him on 16 May 2019.[54]

On 17 March 2019, Kyaw Zaw Oo, an Arakanese MP, published a bilingual open letter to Min Aung Hlaing about many violations of Tatmadaw in Rakhine State, inflicting on lives and property of the civilians, damaging some buildings of cultural heritage as well.[55][56]

The United States has imposed sanctions against Min Aung Hlaing. In July 2019, the U.S. government banned him from travel to the United States.[57] In December 2020, it froze Min Aung Hlaing's American-based assets and criminalized financial transactions between him and anyone in the United States.[57][58]

Corruption

Min Aung Hlaing has courted enduring controversy for his family's extensive business assets and potential conflicts of interest. He is a major shareholder in the army-owned Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (MEHL). During the 2010–11 fiscal year, he had owned 5,000 shares and received an annual dividend of $250,000.[59] He sits on MEHL's Patron Group, which runs the conglomerate.[60]

Min Aung Hlaing's son, Aung Pyae Sone, owns a number of companies, including Sky One Construction Company and Aung Myint Mo Min Insurance Company.[61] He also has a majority stake in Mytel, a national telecoms carrier.[61] In 2013, his son Aung Pyae Sone won a no-bid government permit well below market rates, for a 30 year lease on land at the Yangon People's Park for a high-end restaurant and art gallery, following his father's promotion to Commander-in-Chief.[62] Aung Pyae Sone also runs A&M Mahar, which offers Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals and customs clearance services for drugs and medical devices.[63] Myanmar's customs department is led by Kyaw Htin, a former MEHL director.[63]

His daughter Khin Thiri Thet Mon founded a major film studio, 7th Sense Creation, in 2017.[64] That same year, his daughter-in-law, Myo Yadanar Htaik, founded another entertainment company, Stellar Seven Entertainment.[64] The American Embassy, Yangon came under media scrutiny in December 2020, for collaborating with 7th Sense Creation, because Min Aung Hlaing is technically subject to US economic sanctions.[65]

Sanctions

The U.S. Department of the Treasury has imposed sanctions on "Min Aung Hlaing" since 10 December 2019, pursuant to Executive Order 13818, which builds upon and implements the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act and targets perpetrators of serious human rights abuse and corruption. He has committed serious human rights abuse against members of ethnic minority groups across Burma. This US sanctions include a freezing of assets under the US and a ban on transactions with any US person.[66]

About one year later on 11 February 2021, he was also placed on the sanctions list of the OFAC pursuant to Executive Order 14014, in response to the Burmese military’s coup against the democratically elected civilian government of Burma.[67]

The Government of Canada has imposed sanctions on him since 18 February 2021, pursuant to Special Economic Measures Act and Special Economic Measures (Burma) Regulations, in response to the gravity of the human rights and humanitarian situation in Myanmar (formerly Burma). Canadian sanctions include a freezing of assets under Canada and a ban on transactions with any Canadian person.[68][69]

HM Treasury and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office of the United Kingdom have imposed sanctions on him since 25 February 2021, for his responsibility for serious human rights violations in Burma. The UK sanctions include a freezing of assets under the UK and a ban on entry or transit to the UK.[70]

Furthermore, the Council of the European Union has imposed sanctions on him since 22 March 2021, pursuant to Council Regulation (EU) 2021/479 and Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/480 which amended Council Regulation (EU) No 401/2013, for his responsibility for the military coup and the subsequent military and police repression against peaceful demonstrators. The EU sanctions include a freezing of assets under member countries of the EU and a ban on entry or transit to the countries.[71][72]

Personal life

Min Aung Hlaing is married to Kyu Kyu Hla, a retired lecturer.[73][74] He has three children, including son Aung Pyae Sone and daughter Khin Thiri Thet Mon.[64]

Promotions

  • Major General Tatmadaw.gif Major General – 2008/2009[4]
  • Lieutenant General.gif Lieutenant General – Late 2009[4]
  • Vice Senior General.gif General – Early 2011[4]
  • Vice Senior General Tatmadaw (Final).gif Vice-Senior General – Early 2012[4]
  • Senior General.gif Senior General – March 2013[4]

Awards and decorations

  • Darjah Panglima Gagah Angkatan Tentera.png The Most Gallant Order of Military Service, Gallant Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces (Darjah Panglima Gagah Angkatan Tentera), Honorary Malaysian Armed Forces Order for Valor (1st Degree), Malaysia.[75]
  • RUS For Strengthening Military Cooperation Medal ribbon 2017.svg Medal "For strengthening the military commonwealth" (Ministry of Defense, Russia)[76]
  • Медаль ФСВТС России «За отличие» (лента).png Badge of Honor of FSMTC "For the Merits in the Field of Military-Technical Cooperation"[77]
  • Order of the White Elephant - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant, Knight Grand Cross (1st Class), Thailand[78]
  • Order of the Crown of Thailand - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand, Knight Grand Cross (1st Class), Thailand[79]

Religious honors

On 7 October 2019, the Young Men's Buddhist Association (YMBA) awarded him the title of Mingaladhamma Zawtika Dhaza and the permanent patron of YMBA.[80][81] On 9 December 2020, YMBA awarded him the title of Thado Thiri Agga Maha Mingalar Zawtika.[82]

References

  1. ^ "Myanmar army ruler takes prime minister role, again pledges elections". Reuters. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  2. ^ "Myanmar coup: Aung San Suu Kyi detained as military seizes control". BBC News. 1 February 2021.
  3. ^ "Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008)" (PDF). Burma Library. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Myanmar coup: Who is army Chief Min Aung Hlaing?". Tokyo Broadcasting System Television. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  5. ^ "အရေးပေါ်ကာလ ဆောင်ရွက်ပြီးစီးပါက ရွေးကောက်ပွဲ ပြန်လည်ကျင်းပ၍ အနိုင်ရပါတီအား နိုင်ငံတော်တာဝန်ကို လွှဲအပ်ပေးနိုင်ရေး ဆောင်ရွက်မည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း တပ်မတော်ထုတ်ပြန်". 7 Day Daily (in Burmese). 1 February 2021.
  6. ^ "Myanmar military seizes power, detains elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  7. ^ "Two people in critical condition after police shoot peaceful protesters with live bullets in Naypyitaw – doctor". Myanmar NOW. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Vice-Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, Tatmadaw Commander-in-Chief". Alternative Asean Network. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  9. ^ "တပ်မတော်ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်သစ်နှင့် အမေရိကန် မြန်မာ တပ်မတော်နှစ်ရပ် ဆက်ဆံရေး – အပိုင်း (၁)". VOA News (in Burmese). 2 April 2011. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  10. ^ Barron, Laignee (3 November 2017). "Meet Min Aung Hlaing, the Chief of Myanmar's Notorious Military". Time. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Webb, Timothy Mclaughlin, Simon (24 February 2016). "Amid transition, Myanmar's Senior General emerges from the shadows". Reuters. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b Beech, Hannah (2 February 2021). "Myanmar's Army Is Back in Charge. It Never Truly Left". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b "Who is Myanmar junta chief Min Aung Hlaing? 5 things to know". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  14. ^ Limited, Bangkok Post Public Company. "Myanmar dignitaries honour Gen Prem". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  15. ^ "Myanmar supreme general pays last respects to Prem". The Nation Thailand. 31 May 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b c d David Paquette, "Min Aung Hlaing Appointed Vice-Senior General" Archived 24 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The Irrawaddy, 3 April 2012.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Could Min Aung Hlaing's retirement break the political deadlock?". Frontier Myanmar. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  18. ^ "New commander in chief of defence services: General Min Aung Hlaing" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Mizzima, 30 March 2011.
  19. ^ Aye Aye Win, "Myanmar general defends military's political role" Archived 22 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, 27 March 2012.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b "The game of Myanmar's Senior General". The Myanmar Times. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b "Shwe Mann's Ouster, Military Involvement, and Implications for Myanmar's Elections • Stimson Center". Stimson Center. 8 September 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  22. ^ "Myanmar coup: Min Aung Hlaing, the general who seized power". BBC News. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  23. ^ Katie Hunt. "Rohingya crisis: How we got here". CNN. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b c "What next for Senior General Min Aung Hlaing?". Frontier Myanmar. 24 August 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  25. ^ "Military Chief Launches Charm Offensive Against Muslims, Hindus and Christians". Myanmar NOW. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  26. ^ "Tatmadaw chief sets sights on politics". The Myanmar Times. 1 July 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  27. ^ "Facebook bans Min Aung Hlaing, army top brass after UN genocide allegations". Frontier Myanmar. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  28. ^ "Newsmaker: Ambitious but Cornered, Myanmar Army Chief Took Full Power". Reuters. 1 February 2021.
  29. ^ "Xi meets with Myanmar commander-in-chief of defense services". Xinhua News Agency. 18 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  30. ^ "Min Aung Hlaing reshuffles senior military ranks ahead of election". Frontier Myanmar. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  31. ^ "Min Aung Hlaing's election remarks violate law, says President's Office". Myanmar NOW. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  32. ^ "ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီးမင်းအောင်လှိုင်သည် ဒုတိယသမ္မတအဆင့်ရှိသူဟု တပ်မတော်ထုတ်ပြန်". The Myanmar Times (in Burmese). 5 November 2020. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  33. ^ "Military chief Min Aung Hlaing vows to accept election results after public spat with government". Myanmar NOW. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  34. ^ "Commander-in-chief says 'constitution can be repealed'". Myanmar NOW. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  35. ^ "Tatmadaw chief's rhetoric fuels fears of a coup". Frontier Myanmar. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  36. ^ "Myanmar Election Authority Rejects Military Claims of Election Fraud". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  37. ^ Naing, Shoon (30 January 2021). "Myanmar military allays coup fears, says it will protect constitution". Reuters. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  38. ^ "ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် တပ်မတော်ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်ရုံး အမိန့်အမှတ်(၉/၂၀၂၁) ၁၃၈၂ ခုနှစ်၊ ပြာသိုလပြည့်ကျော် ၆ ရက် ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ ၂ ရက်". Tatmadaw Information Team (in Burmese). Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  39. ^ "Myanmar military announces new State Administration Council". The Myanmar Times. 2 February 2021. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  40. ^ "Myanmar junta leader says Suu Kyi in good health". Reuters. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  41. ^ "Min Aung Hlaing makes himself military supremo for life". Myanmar Now. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  42. ^ "Myanmar military leader takes new title of prime minister in caretaker government – state media". Reuters. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  43. ^ Reuters Staff (1 August 2021). "Myanmar army ruler takes prime minister role, again pledges elections". Reuters. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  44. ^ Beech, Hannah (1 August 2021). "Top Myanmar General Says Military Rule Will Continue Into 2023". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  45. ^ "Sixth coordination meeting on COVID-19 prevention, control and treatment held; Chairman of State Administration ouncil Prime Minister of Caretaker Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Senior General Min Aung Hlaing delivers address". 2 August 2021.
  46. ^ "State Administration Council Chairman Prime Minister Senior General Min Aung Hlaing addresses Council meeting 13/2021". 8 August 2021.
  47. ^ "SAC Chairman Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Senior General Min Aung Hlaing delivers". 11 August 2021.
  48. ^ Section, United Nations News Service (20 June 2016). "UN News – Myanmar must address 'serious' human rights violations against minorities – UN rights chief". UN News Service Section. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  49. ^ Farmaner, Mark (13 September 2017). "Only One Person Can Stop Ethnic Cleansing In Myanmar, And It Isn't Aung San Suu Kyi". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  50. ^ "Burma's Military Milestone". Human Rights Watch. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  51. ^ Jump up to: a b Nebehay, Stephanie (27 August 2018). "Myanmar generals had "genocidal intent" against Rohingya, must face justice – UN". Reuters.
  52. ^ "Facebook bans Myanmar army chief over rights abuses". The Times of India. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.[permanent dead link]
  53. ^ "Facebook bans Myanmar Army Chief Min Aung Hlaing, 19 others over rights abuses". News Nation. 27 August 2018. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  54. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  55. ^ Open Letter to Senior General Min Aung Hlaing from U Kyaw Zaw Oo about damage to cultural heritage, fatalities and casualties incurred by intentional and indiscriminate attacks of Myanma Tatmadaw on non-military targets. Kyaw Zaw Oo. 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  56. ^ သမိုင်းဝင် ယဉ်ကျေးမှုဆိုင်ရာအဆောက်အအုံများအပါအဝင် စစ်ဖက်ပစ်မှတ်မဟုတ်သည့်နေရာများသို့ တမင်သက်သက် ပစ်ခတ်ကြသဖြင့် သေဆုံးထိခိုက်ကြရသည့်ကိစ္စ အိတ်ဖွင့်ပေးစာ (in Burmese). Kyaw Zaw Oo. 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  57. ^ Jump up to: a b "US Tightens Sanctions on Myanmar Army Chief". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  58. ^ "Treasury Sanctions Individuals for Roles in Atrocities and Other Abuses". U.S. Department of the Treasury. Archived from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  59. ^ "Leaked documents reveal global business links to Myanmar military crimes". Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  60. ^ "Systemic Conflict of Interest in Myanmar Military Allows for Serious Corruption". Justice For Myanmar. 17 June 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  61. ^ Jump up to: a b "တပ်ချုပ်သားပိုင်ကုမ္ပဏီများကို အရေးယူရန် ကုလအချက်အလက်ရှာဖွေရေးအဖွဲ့ တောင်းဆို". Myanmar NOW (in Burmese). Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  62. ^ "Military Chief's Son Paid 'Very Low' Rent for His Upscale Restaurant on Government-Owned Land". Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  63. ^ Jump up to: a b "Dirty Secrets #2: Sr. Gen. Min Aung Hlaing's family profiting off of FDA and Customs clearances". Justice For Myanmar. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  64. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Military Chief's Family Members Spend Big on Blockbuster Movies, Beauty Pageants". Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  65. ^ "US Embassy Under Fire for Working With Firm Owned by Sanctioned Military Chief's Daughter". The Irrawaddy. 15 December 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  66. ^ "Treasury Sanctions Individuals for Roles in Atrocities and Other Abuses". U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  67. ^ "United States Targets Leaders of Burma's Military Coup Under New Executive Order". The U.S. Department of the Treasury. 11 February 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  68. ^ "Special Economic Measures Act (S.C. 1992, c. 17)". Justice Laws Website. 4 June 1992. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  69. ^ "Regulations Amending the Special Economic Measures (Burma) Regulations: SOR/2021-18". The Government of Canada. 18 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  70. ^ Raab, Dominic (25 February 2021). "UK sanctions further Myanmar military figures for role in coup: 25 February 2021:Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab announces further sanctions against members of Myanmar's State Administration Council". Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  71. ^ "Myanmar/Burma: EU sanctions 11 people over the recent military coup and ensuing repression". The Council of the European Union. 22 March 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  72. ^ "Official Journal of the European Union". 22 March 2021. pp. 15–24. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  73. ^ "တပ်မတော် ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ် ယာဘက် လက်သူကြွယ် ခွဲစိတ်မှုအောင်မြင်". Lotaya (in Burmese). Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  74. ^ "Commander-in-chief of Myanmar Defence Forces visits Eastern Naval Command". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  75. ^ "MALAYSIA: REVOKE MILITARY AWARDS GIVEN TO MIN AUNG HLAING". Burma Campaign UK. January 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2021 – via www.burmacampaign.org.uk.
  76. ^ "Military chief awarded Medal of the Ministry of Defence of Russia". Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  77. ^ "Senior General Min Aung Hlaing – Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services". Official Website of the Defence. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  78. ^ "Thailand decorates Myanmar's army chief amid Rohingya crisis". Reuters. 17 February 2018. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  79. ^ "Burmese Military Chief Receives Top Thai Honor". The Irrawaddy. 31 May 2013. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  80. ^ "ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီးမင်းအောင်လှိုင်ကို YMBA က ရာသက်ပန်နာယကကြီးဘွဲ့ ပေးအပ်". Myanmar NOW (in Burmese). 7 October 2019. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  81. ^ "တပ်ချုပ်ကို ဆုပေးသင့်ပေးထိုက်လို့ ဖော်ထုတ်ပြီးပေးတာပါလို့ YMBAအသင်းကရှင်း". BBC News (in Burmese). 10 October 2019. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021.
  82. ^ "YMBA က ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီးမင်းအောင်လှိုင်ကို သတိုးသီရိ အဂ္ဂမဟာမင်္ဂလဇောတိကဓဇ ဘွဲ့ချီးမြှင့်". DVB (in Burmese). 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2020.

External link

Media related to Min Aung Hlaing at Wikimedia Commons

Political offices
Vacant
Title last held by
Thein Sein 		Prime Minister of Myanmar
2021–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by
Aung San Suu Kyi
as State Counsellor 		Chairman of the State Administration Council
2021–present 		Incumbent
Military offices
Preceded by
Than Shwe 		Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
2011–present 		Incumbent
Retrieved from ""