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State Administration Council

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This article is about the military junta set up in Myanmar after the 2021 coup d'etat. For the military government established in 1988, see State Peace and Development Council.

State Administration Council
နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ
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Agency overview
Formed2 February 2021; 6 months ago (2021-02-02)
TypeMilitary junta
Agency executives
Politics of Myanmar
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Assembly of the Union
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The State Administration Council (Burmese: နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ; abbreviated SAC or နစက) is the military junta[1] currently governing Myanmar following the February 2021 coup d'état.[2][3] The Council is composed of eight military officers and nine civilians, and is chaired by Min Aung Hlaing, the commander-in-chief of Defence Services. On 1 August, its management committee was reformed as a caretaker government[4], and its head, Min Aung Hlaing, became the 13th Prime Minister of Myanmar.

The Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH) has designated the SAC as a "terrorist group".[5]

History

Formation

The State Administration Council was formed by Min Aung Hlaing on 2 February 2021 with 13 members in the aftermath of the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état.[6][7] On 3 February 2021, five additional civilian members were added to the Council.[8][9]

In the leadup to and in the aftermath of the coup d'état, the military had made overtures to political parties allied with the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), the military proxy party.[10][11] On 14 August 2020, 34 pro-military parties including USDP had met with Min Aung Hlaing to seek assurances from the military to intervene in the event of electoral integrity issues during the upcoming 2020 Myanmar general election.[12][10] Min Aung Hlaing's remarks during the meeting raised concerns that the military had threatened to stage a coup.[13]

The SAC includes eight civilian members, including of the USDP, Thein Nyunt of the New National Democracy Party, Khin Maung Swe of the National Democratic Force (NDF), Mahn Nyein Maung of the Kayin People's Party, Aye Nu Sein of the Arakan National Party, and Saw Daniel, formerly of the Kayah State Democratic Party (KySDP).[14] Khin Maung Swe and Thein Nyunt had co-founded NDF, a National League for Democracy (NLD) splinter group, while Mahn Nyein Maung was a former leader of the Karen National Union.[14]

Several organisations have distanced themselves from civilian members of the SAC. Following Mahn Nyein Maung's appointment, the KNU distanced itself from him, and reiterated its opposition to the military coup.[15] On 4 February, KySDP announced it had dismissed Saw Daniel from the party for accepting the appointment, and called for the Burmese military to honor the 2020 election results.[16] On 11 February, the American government imposed new sanctions on four military officials who had been appointed to SAC, namely Mya Tun Oo, Tin Aung San, Ye Win Oo, and Aung Lin Dwe.[17]

On 5 February, SAC formed a press team led by Brigadier-General Zaw Min Tun and deputy Thet Swe.[18]

Government reshuffle

SAC has terminated numerous civil servants across multiple government bodies, including the Supreme Court,[19] union-level ministries,[20] the Naypyidaw Council, and Union Civil Service Board.[21] It has quickly appointed replacements, including union ministers,[22][23][24] mayors,[25] agency executives, members of the Central Bank of Myanmar,[26][27] Union Civil Service Board,[28] judges,[29][30] and Supreme Court justices.[31][32] On 8 February, SAC appointed a new Constitutional Tribunal.[33]

On 11 February, SAC formed State and Region Administration Councils and their leaders for Myanmar's 14 states and regions.[34][35] It also appointed military officers to run Self-Administered Zone Councils for the country's autonomous zones.[36]

Resistance and protests

Main article: 2021 Myanmar protests

On 9 February, a 36-page draft cybersecurity law proposed by SAC was circulated to Myanmar's mobile operators and telecoms license holders for industry feedback.[37] The draft bill would make internet providers accountable for preventing or removing content that "cause[s] hatred, destroy unity and tranquility" and would require ISPs to store user data at a government-prescribed location for a minimum of 3 years.[38][37] A coalition of 150 civil service organizations publicly denounced the bill for violating the fundamental rights to freedom of expression, data protection, and privacy, and other democratic norms in the digital space, and for granting state authorities the ability to ban unfavorable content, restrict ISPs, and intercept data.[37]

On 10 February, the SAC conducted late-night raids to arrest senior civilian politicians and election officials throughout the country, in an attempt to neutralize the NLD.[39] High-profile arrests include the detentions of the Chief Ministers of Tanintharyi Region, Shan, Chin, Kachin, Karen and Rakhine States, as well as dozens of township- and district-level election officials.[39]

On 11 February, SAC remitted the sentences of 23,314 prisoners.[40] Among those released were supporters of the assassin who killed Ko Ni, the NLD's legal advisor.[41] The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners expressed serious concern that the amnesty was intended to clear prison space in order to detain political prisoners.[42] A recent spate of crimes, including arson, has coincided with the timing of the amnesty.[43]

On 14 February, SAC amended existing privacy protection laws, which effectively enables the Commander-in-Chief to temporarily restrict or suspend the fundamental rights of citizens, including warrantless arrests and searches, until power is transferred to a newly elected government.[43] SAC also enacted Law 3/2021, which requires all residents to register overnight guests outside of their official household with their respective township or ward administrators.[43] The military era law had previously been repealed by the NLD-led government.[43]

On February 12, the Ministry of Information sent directives to the Myanmar Press Council,[44] a media-adjudication and media-dispute settling body, that the media must report ethically and avoid instigating public unrest but the gradual resignation of twenty three out of twenty six members following the military coup has made it subjected to the cessation of functions. More distinctively, the directives say that the words "regime or junta" cannot be used for the State Administrative Council. Ten days after the directions of the Ministry of Information to the Press Council, Min Aung Hlaung, the military coup leader, threatened publications in Myanmar would lose their publishing licenses for the usage of the military regime or junta. Most local media said terms like "military council, junta or regime" will still be used in their reporting.[45][46]

On March 1, the CRPH designated the SAC as a "terrorist group".[5]

Members

SAC's civilian members include politicians, including Phado Mahn Nyein Maung, a former member of the Karen National Union's Central Executive Committee, two former National League for Democracy (NLD) members, Thein Nyunt and Khin Maung Swe, co-founders of the National Democratic Force, a splinter group of the NLD, and Aye Nu Sein, vice-chair of the Arakan National Party.[47][48]

The council members are:[6][7][48]

Name Position Took office Left office Party
Senior General Min Aung Hlaing[49] Chairman[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent Military
Vice Senior General Soe Win[49] Vice-Chairman[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent
General Mya Tun Oo[49] Member[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent
Admiral Tin Aung San[49] Member[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent
General Maung Maung Kyaw[49] Member[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent
Lieutenant General Moe Myint Tun[49] Member[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent
Mahn Nyein Maung[49] Member[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent Kayin People's Party
Thein Nyunt[49] Member[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent National Democratic Force
Khin Maung Swe[49] Member[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent
Aye Nu Sein[50] Member[50] 3 February 2021[50] 1 August 2021 Arakan National Party
[50] Member[50] 3 February 2021[50] Incumbent Independent
[50] Member[50] 3 February 2021[50] Incumbent
[50] Member[50] 3 February 2021[50] Incumbent Union Solidarity and Development Party
Saw Daniel[50] Member[50] 3 February 2021[50] Incumbent Karenni National Progressive Party
[51] Member[51] 17 March 2021[51] Incumbent Mon Unity Party[52]
Lieutenant-General Aung Lin Dwe[49] Secretary[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent Military
Lieutenant-General Ye Win Oo[49] Joint Secretary[49] 2 February 2021[49] Incumbent

See also

References

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