Monks Kirby
Monks Kirby | |
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![]() St Edith's Church | |
![]() ![]() Monks Kirby Location within Warwickshire | |
Population | 445 (2011) |
OS grid reference | SP4683 |
Civil parish |
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District |
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Shire county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | RUGBY |
Postcode district | CV23 |
Dialling code | 01788 |
Police | Warwickshire |
Fire | Warwickshire |
Ambulance | West Midlands |
UK Parliament | |
Monks Kirby is a village and civil parish in north-eastern Warwickshire, England. The population of the parish is 445.[1]
Monks Kirby is located around one mile east of the Fosse Way, around 8 miles north-west of Rugby, seven miles north-east of Coventry and six miles west of Lutterworth. Administratively it forms part of the borough of Rugby. One of the largest and most important villages in this part of Warwickshire from the Anglo-Saxon to the early modern period, by the nineteenth century Monks Kirby had become a small farming community. Monks Kirby is today an attractive, wealthy commuter village with many residents working in Coventry, Birmingham, Leicester and London.
Monks Kirby is dominated by the priory church of St Edith, a site of Christian worship since at least the 10th century AD. The priory is long since gone but the church remains, seeming out of proportion to the size of the village.
History[]
Monks Kirby has been inhabited since at least Roman times, with evidence (Roman urns and bricks) found around the Church suggesting either a Roman cemetery or villa on the current Church site.[2]
The good soils, strategic location (near the meeting point of the Fosse Way and Watling Street) and size of the parish suggest it was the dominant village in this part of Warwickshire before the Norman Conquest.[3] The pre-Conquest church of Monks kirby was the mother church for the surrounding area, connected to the important aristocratic estate of Newnham.[4][5]
In the tenth century the village was on the frontier between the Viking controlled Danelaw and Anglo-Saxon Mercia. "Kirby" is a Norse place name[6] roughly meaning "church town" but the village is just on the west (Anglo-Saxon) side of Watling Street, which was the formal frontier.
At the time of the Norman Conquest, the neighbouring estate of Newnham Paddox was owned by Leofwin, nephew of Leofric, Earl of Mercia (husband of Lady Godiva).[7] After the Conquest, the land around Monks Kirby came into the ownership of Geoffrey de la Guerche, a Breton knight who married Aelgifu, Leofwin's daughter.[8] Geoffrey rebuilt the Anglo Saxon church and gave it as a priory to the Benedictine Abbey of St Nicolas in Anjou in France, naming it in honour of the Virgin Mary and St Denis. Unusually, the text of the founding Charter for the Priory survives:[9] the dedication took place on 1 July 1077 and the Charter tells us the names of the first monks – Geoffrey, Ranulf, Stephen, Maurice, Roger and Herman.[3]
In 1266 Henry III granted the monks a fair at Midsummer and a weekly market. The church was substantially rebuilt in around 1380 and in 1415 Henry V transferred the priory to the Carthusians of the Isle of Axholme, Lincolnshire. The 100 years war with France also caused the dedication of the church to be changed to St Edith of Polesworth, a Warwickshire Saint (the connection with St Denis was revived in the 19th century for the chapel of St Denys, built in the neighbouring village of Pailton).[10] The church was again altered in the late fifteenth century, and an octagonal spire added: twenty feet of this was removed in 1630[11] and the remainder then blew down in a gale in the early 1700s.[12] The spire was subsequently restored[13] and then removed at unknown date, possibly at the time of the Victorian restoration of the Church in 1869.[11][14]
In the reformation, King Henry VIII confiscated the assets of the priory, granting the manor of Monks Kirby to the Bishop of Ipswich, and the rectory and the advowson of the vicarage to his (the King's) foundation of Trinity College Cambridge in December 1546. The manor then changed hands several times over the following eighty years until the powerful Buckingham family passed to it to the Feildings who had been lords of neighbouring Newnham Paddox since the fifteenth century (see below).
The Feilding family (elevated to the aristocracy as Earls of Denbigh) owned most of the village and the land around it until the mid-twentieth century (see below). Trinity College retains the benefice and continues to be involved in the church's affairs today[15] but divested itself of substantial landholdings around Monks Kirby following the Second World War.
Up to the industrial revolution and the coming of the railways, Monks Kirby was one of the most important villages in this part of Warwickshire. Early in the 17th century the hundred of Knightlow (one of the county's main administrative divisions, which included all of modern-day Coventry) was reorganised on a basis of four High Constables' divisions – Kenilworth, Monks Kirby, Rugby, and Southam. Monks Kirby retained its high constable until 1828.[16]
The ecclesiastical parish of Monks Kirby still includes several neighbouring villages and hamlets: Pailton, Stretton-under-Fosse, Newbold Revel, Copston Magna, Brockhurst, Street Ashton and Easenhall. Historically, there was also a further hamlet in the parish of Monks Kirby: the village of Cestersover, abandoned in the Middle Ages.
Roman Catholic Community[]
Monks Kirby has been a local centre for the Roman Catholic faith since the conversion of the 8th Earl of Denbigh to Catholicism in 1850. St Joseph's convent and girls school/orphanage were established in the village in the 1870s.[17] The first nuns were Sisters of Charity from a convent on the Earl's other estate at Pantasaph in Flintshire, North Wales.[17] The Sisters of Charity were succeeded by the Sisters of Mercy in 1923 who remained at the convent until 1977[18] In the 1982 the convent was occupied by the first congregation of Mary, Mother of the Church (now called "Mater Ecclesiae") established by Sister Catherine Mulligan as a new convent for mature women looking to enter religious life.[17][19] In 1998 the Mater Ecclesiae congregation moved to Street Ashton House[19] in the neighbouring hamlet of Street Ashton, where it was based until 2020. The remaining, elderly sisters have now dispersed and the convent sold, bringing to an end a 150-year tradition of (renewed) monastic life in Monks Kirby.[20]
The old convent buildings in Monks Kirby have now been converted to housing but a new church, St Joseph's Church, was built in the 1990s to a design by the architect John Holmes.[17] This church was consecrated by the Archbishop of Birmingham, Bernard Longley, on 11 July 2012, the feast of St Benedict. St Joseph's continues to be a worshipping community today, with a large congregation gathering on Sundays from the parish which spreads beyond the small village of Monks Kirby. There is also a daily Mass in the parish. Planning permission has been granted for a small church hall, to be built on land to the rear of the Church.[citation needed]
Highlights during the year include the Annual May Procession when the parish process in honour of Our Lady ending with the crowning of the statue and Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament. There is also a Corpus Christi procession in June from the Village Green to St Joseph's.
In July 2018 St Joseph's fitted a new bell system which allows the Angelus to be rung at 12noon and 6pm as well as calling the faithful to Mass. At special times of the year and at the end of the school day Hymns are played on the automated carillon.
The present parish priest is a priest of the Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham and the Parish is formally in the care of the Ordinariate.[21] The Ordinariate Use of the Mass (Divine Worship) is celebrated weekly and St Joseph's has become a focus for members of the Ordinariate from the Leicestershire and East Warwickshire area. Evensong and Benediction are celebrated.
On the outskirts of Monks Kirby is a Roman Catholic burial site, originally a private graveyard for the Feilding family but which today is used for burials from St Joseph's. The Chapel of the Sacred Heart at the burial ground was designed by the architect Thomas Henry Wyatt for the 8th Earl of Denbigh. Built in 1888, it is a Grade 2 listed building.[22]
The Revel School[]
Children from Monks Kirby and surrounding villages attend the Revel School, which is possibly unique in that it is a Church of England school with Catholic provision and Catechesis. Children from the school regularly visit the Church for worship and are prepared through the school for their First Holy Communion. Both the Rector and Catholic Parish Priest lead worship in the school. School Masses (within St Josephs) take place regularly.
The Earls of Denbigh and Monks Kirby[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1stEarlOfDenbigh.jpg/170px-1stEarlOfDenbigh.jpg)
The Feilding Family have been Lords of Newnham Paddox since 1433. In 1622 James I made William Feilding first Earl of Denbigh: Feilding primarily owed his rise at court to his brother in law, the Duke of Buckingham who was the King's favourite. The Buckinghams also purchased, as a gift for the second Earl of Denbigh, the manor that had belonged to the pre-reformation priory of Monks Kirby.
Despite almost certainly being of Warwickshire origin, in the middle of the seventeenth century, following their elevation to the peerage, the Feilding family began to claim descent from the European royal house of Habsurg, a claim that has been ridiculed and debunked several times in the subsequent centuries.[23] The Habsburg double-headed eagle appears on Denbigh coats of arms and as a symbol around the village of Monks Kirby.
Newnham Paddox[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Newnham_Paddox_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1626014.jpg/220px-Newnham_Paddox_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1626014.jpg)
In 1754-68 Lancelot "Capability" Brown built a large mansion house for the fifth and sixth Earls (perhaps incorporating some elements of an earlier, 16th century house).[24] At the same time, Brown laid out landscaped garden. The house, which was further substantially developed in the nineteenth century (in a French style and including an ornate Roman Catholic chapel), was demolished in 1952 after receiving water damage resulting from the thawing of frozen pipes at a time when the family was hit by heavy death duties. The grand gates, stables and Brown's landscaped gardens remain and the current Earl still lives in a twentieth century, wooden house in the grounds.
The Denbigh family have - since the mid-twentieth century - steadily sold off most of their local land holdings (most recently selling 2,500 acres in 2014/15).[25]
Pubs[]
Monks Kirby has one pub, the Denbigh Arms, which is next to the church.
See also[]
References[]
- Warwickshire Towns & Villages, by Geoff Allen (2000) (ISBN 1-85058-642-X)
- ^ "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Information for record number MWA4241: Site of Possible Roman Settlement by Church". Warwickshire County Council. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Greenway, Diana (1996). "Conquest and Colonization: The Foundation of an Alien Priory, 1077". In Blair & Golding (eds.). The Cloister and the World: Essays in Medieval History in Honour of Barbara Harvey.
- ^ Graham Jones. The origins of Leicestershire: churches, territories, and landscape. p. 9.
- ^ The Seventeenth century historian of Warwickshire, Dugdale, cites the Anglo Saxon Chronicle and claims that the Church was built by Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred the Great in 917 (William Dugdale (1656). The antiquities of Warwickshire illustrated : from records, leiger-books, manuscripts, charters, evidences, tombes, and armes : beautified with maps, prospects, and portraictures. p. 50.). However, the reference to Ethelfleda building a fortification in Cyricbyrig is today taken as referring to a fort built in 915 in the similarly named Staffordshire village of Chirbury("Anglo Saxon Runcorn".), and the fact that Danish settlers (who arrived in the 9th century) found a church already in the village suggests an earlier date for its foundation.
- ^ "Archaeological Resource Assessment of the Aggregates Producing Areas of Warwickshire and Solihull" (PDF). Warwickshire County Council. 2008. p. 66. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ K. S. B. Keats-Rohan. The Making of Henry of Oxford: Englishmen in a Norman World (PDF). p. 302.
- ^ K. S. B. Keats-Rohan (1999). Domesday People: Domesday book. p. 53. ISBN 9780851157221.
- ^ (The text of the charter survives but the manuscript has been lost. Dugdale and others reproduce it from a manuscript in the Cotton Library which has since been lost or destroyed.) William Dugdale (1655). Monasticon Anglicanum: A History of the Abbies and Other ..., Volume 6, Part 2 (in Latin). p. 996.
- ^ "House of Carthusian Monks 30. The Priory of Axholme (reproducing text from "A History of the County of Lincolnshire, Vol. 2", Page, pub 1906)". British History Online. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
- ^ Jump up to: a b St Edith's Church Monks Kirby 1077 1977 (booklet produced by the church at the time of its 900th anniversary). Lutterworth: St Edith's Church festival Committee (1977). 1977.
- ^ Dugdale says the spire blew down on Christmas Night 1722 but the booklet produced at the time of the Church's 900th anniversary in 1977 says Christmas Night 1701.
- ^ According to Dugdale
- ^ A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 6, Knightlow Hundred. 1951.
- ^ "The College Livings". A Guide to Trinity College Chapel (PDF). Trinity College, Cambridge. 2013. p. 47.
- ^ "'The hundred of Knightlow', A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 6: Knightlow hundred (1951)". British History Online. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Monks Kirby – St Joseph". Taking Stock: Catholic Churches of England and Wales. Catholic Bishops’ Conference of England and Wales. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ^ "Monks Kirby Memories". Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "The Church must stop turning its back on older people who have religious vocations". Catholic Herald. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
- ^ "Mater Ecclesiae CIO Annual Report and Accounts to 31 March 2020". Charity Commission. 29 January 2021.
- ^ "Monks Kirby – St Joseph". Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "CHAPEL OF THE SACRED HEART (1392656)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ^ J H Round (1901). "Chapter 5 Our English Habsburgs: a Great Delusion". Studies in Peerage and Family History. p. 216.
- ^ Historic England. "Nenwham Paddox (1001191)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
- ^ "Red Button: Coventry landed gentry downsize as death duty bill arrives". Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
External links[]
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