Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui
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Raziuddin Siddiqui رضی الدین صدیقی | |
|---|---|
 Raziuddin Siddiqui (second right). | |
| Born | Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui 8 January 1908 |
| Died | 4 September 1993 (aged 85) |
| Nationality | British Indian (1908 - 1947) Indian (1947 - 1957) American (1957 - 1993) |
| Citizenship | United States[1] |
| Alma mater | Jammu University Osmania University University of Cambridge, UK University of Leipzig, Germany |
| Known for | His work on Nuclear energy, theory of Relativity and Simultaneity, C*-algebra, Nuclear space (in mathematics), and Paramagnetism |
| Awards | Sitara-i-Imtiaz (1960) Hilal-i-Imtiaz (1981) Nishan-e-Imtiaz (1998) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Theoretical physics |
| Institutions | University of Houston NASA (Houston) Yale University |
| Doctoral advisor | Albert Einstein |
Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui, FPAS, NI, HI, SI (Urdu: محمد رضی الدین صدیقی, [rəzɪ.ʊd̪ːiːn sɪˈd̪ːiːqi]; 8 January 1908 – 4 September, 1993), also known as Dr. Razi, was a British Indian and American theoretical physicist and a mathematician. During the 1930s in Europe, he contributed in mathematical physics and worked on general relativity and the theory of relativity, nuclear energy, and quantum gravity. He was one of the notable students of Albert Einstein.[2]
Biography[]
Life and education[]
Siddiqui was born on 8 January 1908 in Jammu city, Jammu and Kashmir, in an Urdu-speaking Shaikh family, to Mohammed Muzafferuddin Siddiqui and Baratunnisa Begum. His family consisted of one elder brother, Mohammed Zakiuddin Siddiqui and two sisters, Abida Begum and Sajida Begum, he was the youngest in the family. He attended the newly established Osmania University. After passing the Rashidia Exams in 1918, Siddiqui completed his matriculation from Osmania University in 1921, and earned a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in mathematics, with distinction, in 1925. In 1927, He went to Hydrabad to study.
Siddiqui in Europe[]
Siddiqui was then awarded a scholarship from the Government of the State of Hyderabad to pursue higher studies in United Kingdom where he completed his MA in Mathematics, under Paul Dirac from the University of Cambridge in 1928.[2][3] Then, he proceeded further to work for his PhD at the University of Leipzig in Germany (Weimar Republic).[3]
He studied mathematics and quantum mechanics under Albert Einstein.[4] He completed his PhD in theoretical physics, writing a brief research thesis on the Theory of relativity and the nuclear binding energy.[4] He did his post doctoral work at the University of Paris, France.[4]
Research in theoretical physics[]
In Europe, while Siddique was working on his post-doctoral research at the University of Houston, he had the opportunity to meet with the members of "The Houston Group"[5] where he had led the discussions on unsolved problems in physics and in mathematics.[6] During his stay in Great Britain, he studied Quantum mechanics and published scientific papers at the Cavendish Laboratory.[7]
Move to United States[]
New Haven, Connecticut (1935 - 1940)[]
In 1935, after college in Switerland, He moved to New Haven, Connecticut at Yale University. He worked five years there. He presented about the stars with books.
Houston, Texas[]
In 1940, Siddiqui moved to Houston. He started to work at the University of Houston.
Nasa[]
After Nasa was Built, Muhammad started working there every Firday's, Saturday's. He exprirmented and worked with Astronauts.
During the 1970s, Siddiqui worked on problems in theoretical physics with Pakistani theoretical physicists in the nuclear weapons programme.[8] Previously, he had worked in Europe, including carrying out nuclear research in the British nuclear weapon program, and the French atomic program.[8] At PAEC, he became a mentor to some of the country's academic scientists.[8] At PAEC, he was the director of the Mathematical Physics Group (MPG) and was tasked with performing mathematical calculations involved in nuclear fission and supercomputing. While both MPG and Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) had reported directly to Abdus Salam, Siddiqui co-ordinated each meeting with the scientists of TPG and mathematicians of the MPG.[8] At PAEC, he directed the mathematical research directly involving the theory of general relativity, and helped establish the quantum computers laboratories at PAEC.[8]
Since theoretical physics plays a major role in identifying the parameters of nuclear physics, Siddiqui started the work on special relativity's complex applications, the 'relativity of simultaneity'.[8] His Mathematical Physics Group undertook the research and performed calculations on the 'relativity of simultaneity' during the process of weapon detonation, where multiple explosive energy rays are bound to release in the same isolate and close medium at the same time interval.[8]
Visits[]
Huntsville, Alabama[]
In 1960, He joined the Space project in Huntsville, Alabama. He also made som history. He put some of his discovery in the Huntsville, Alabama Space Museum.
Kansas City Missouri[]
In 1964, Siddiqui went to Kansas City, Missouri to worked at the University .
Post-war[]
After his work at PAEC, Siddiqui again joined Quaid-e-Azam University's Physics Faculty.[7] As professor of Physics, he continued his research at the Institute of Physics, QAU.[7] He helped develop the higher education sector, and placed mainframe policies in the institution.[7]
Death and legacy[]
Siddiqui remained in Houston, and had associated himself with Quaid-e-Azam University in Islamabad. In 1990, he was made Professor Emeritus of Physics and Mathematics there.[7] He died on 4 September 1993, at the age of 85. Siddiqui's biography was written by scientists who had worked with him. In 1960, due to his efforts to expand education, he was awarded the third-highest civilian award of Pakistan, from the then-President of Pakistan, Field Marshal Ayub Khan.[7]
In 1981, he was awarded the second highest civilian award, Hilal-i-Imtiaz, from President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq due to his efforts in Pakistan's atomic program, and for popularizing In May 1998, the Government of Pakistan awarded him the highest civilian award, the Nishan-i-Imtiaz, posthumously by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif when Pakistan conducted its first successful nuclear tests, 'Chagai-I'.[7]
Family[]
His eldest daughter, Dr. Shirin Tahir-Kheli, is a former Special Assistant to the President of the United States of America, and Senior Adviser for women's empowerment.[9]
Civil awards[]
- Sitara-i-Imtiaz (1960)
- Hilal-i-Imtiaz (1981)
- Nishan-e-Imtiaz (1998)
- Gold Medal, Pakistan Academy of Sciences (1950)
- Gold Medal, Pakistan Mathematical Society (1980)
- Gold Medallion, Pakistan Physical Society (1953)
- Doctorate of Science Honoris Causa, Osmania University (1938)
Bibliography[]
- Quantum Mechanics and its Physics
- Dastan-e-Riazi (The Tale of Mathematics)
- Izafiat
- Tasawur-e-Zaman-o-Makaan
- Experiences in science and education by M. Raziuddin Siddiqui, published in 1977.
- Establishing a new university in a developing country: Policies and procedures by M. Raziuddin Siddiqui, published in 1990.
See also[]
References[]
- ^ -Dr Abdus Salam – The ’Mystic’ scientist Archived 16 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Jump up to: a b (7 June 2001). "Development of the Nuclear Power Industry in Pakistan". scribd.com. Dr. Aqeel Khan, Ryerson University Press. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Syed Muslehuddin Ahmed (19 December 2010). "The education setback of 1948". Syed Muslehuddin Ahmed and Dawn News. Dawn Group of Newspapers.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Siddiqui, Saifuddin. "Mohammad Raziuddin Siddiqui". ias.ac.in. Saifuddin Siddiqui.
- ^ Rehman, Shahidur, Long Road to Chagai, A Cue From Manhattan Project, pp16
- ^ Siddiqui, Professor Razi, Pakistani Theoretical Physicists, an early research in physics, pp49.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Salman Hameed, Dr. Salman (19 October 1998). "A Science Oddyssey: Pakistan's nuclear emergence". Dr. Salman Hameed, Professor of Theoretical Physics.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Shahid-Ur-, Rehman (1999). "Ibid". Long Road To Chagai. Islamabad, Pakistan: Print Wise Publication. p. 10.
- ^ Shirin Tahir-Kheli – Senior Advisor to the Secretary of State
Sources[]
- Rahman, Shahidur (1999) [1999], "Theoretical Physics Group: A Cue from Manhattan Project?; §A Manhattan Project Scientist;§PAEC versus KRL: Wheels within Wheel;§Pakistan nuclear technology project: from Pakistan's Theoretical Physics to the making of the bomb", Long Road to Chagai, Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory (Pakistan): Printwise Publications, ISBN 978-969-8500-00-9
External links[]
- Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui[permanent dead link]
- Dr. Raziuddin Siddiqui Memorial Library
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