Myliobatis

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Myliobatis
Temporal range: 65–0 Ma Danian to present[1]
Myliobatis californica monterey bay aquarium.jpg
Myliobatis californica
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Order: Myliobatiformes
Family: Myliobatidae
Genus: Myliobatis
Cuvier, 1816
Species

See text

Myliobatis is a genus of eagle rays in the family Myliobatidae.

Description[]

Myliobatis species can reach a width up to about 1.8 m (6 ft).[2] Their bodies consist of a rhomboidal disc, wider than long, with one dorsal fin. The head is broad and short, with eyes and spiracles on the sides. The tail is slender, with one or two large spines at the base, without tail fin.[3]

The teeth are arranged in the lower and upper jaws in flat tooth plates called pavement teeth, each consisting of about seven series of plates, which are used to crush clam shells and crustaceans.[3]

Biology[]

Myliobatis species are ovoviviparous. Their gestation last about 6 months and a female produces four to seven embryos. Myliobatis species mainly feed on molluscs, bottom-living crustaceans, and small fishes.[4]

Habitat[]

Mylobatis species live in warm, shallow waters. Adults prefer sandy shores, while juveniles can usually be encountered offshore.[3][4]

Species[]

Extant species[]

Currently, 11 species in this genus are recognized:[2][5]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Myliobatis aquila.jpg Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) common eagle ray Atlantic Ocean (North Sea to South Africa), the Mediterranean Sea and the south-western Indian Ocean.
Myliobatis australis , 1981 Australian bull ray Eastern Indian Ocean: southern Australia, from Western Australia to Queensland.[6]
Myliobatis californica monterey bay aquarium.jpg Myliobatis californica T. N. Gill, 1865 bat eagle ray eastern Pacific Ocean, between the Oregon coast and the Gulf of California.
Myliobatis chilensis.jpg Myliobatis chilensis Philippi {Krumweide}, 1893 Chilean eagle ray coasts of Chile and Peru
Fish4341 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg Myliobatis freminvillei Lesueur, 1824 bullnose eagle ray from Cape Cod down to Argentina
Myliobatis goodei, Southern eagle ray, topside.png Myliobatis goodei Garman, 1885 southern eagle ray Atlantic coast, from the tip of Florida down to Argentina
Myliobatis hamlyni.jpg Myliobatis hamlyni J. D. Ogilby, 1911 purple eagle ray[7] Australia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Okinawa
Myliobatis longirostris & , 1964 snouted eagle ray Pacific Ocean from Baja California and the Gulf of California to Sechura, Peru
Myliobatis peruvianus Garman, 1913 Peruvian eagle ray Pacific Ocean off Chile and Peru.
Myliobatis ridens , , , & , 2012 shortnose eagle ray[8] southwestern Atlantic Ocean off Brazil and Argentina.
New zealand eagle ray at jackett island.jpg Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Hector, 1877 Australian/New Zealand eagle ray near rocky reefs around New Zealand and southern Australia
TobiEIesa.jpg Myliobatis tobijei Bleeker, 1854 Japanese eagle ray[7] Indonesia and the Philippines,Japan, Korea, and China.


Extinct species[]

Fossil tooth or plate of M. dixoni from Khouribga (Morocco), 55-45 Mya

Extinct species within this genus include:[9]

  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Chapman & Cudmore, 1924
  • † Pauca, 1929
  • † Meschinelli, 1924
  • † Davis, 1888
  • † Bravard, 1884
  • † Sismonda, 1849
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Davis, 1888
  • † Issel, 1877
  • † Dartevelle & Casier, 1943
  • † Marsh, 1870
  • †Myliobatis bothriodon White, 1926
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Dartevelle & Casier, 1959
  • † Delfortrie, 1871
  • † Leriche, 1913
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Stromer, 1905
  • † Mendiola, 1999
  • † Salinas, 1901
  • † Leidy, 1876
  • † Stromer, 1905
  • † Eastman, 1904
  • † Delfortrie, 1871
  • † Cope, 1867
  • † Pedroni, 1844
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Issel, 1877
  • † Penecke, 1884
  • † Gibbes, 1849
  • † Dartevelle & Casier, 1943
  • † Fowler, 1911
  • † Thomas, 1904
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Hay, 1899
  • † Delfortrie, 1871
  • † Dartevelle & Casier, 1959
  • † Bauzá & Gomez Pallerola, 1982
  • † Leidy, 1876
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Jordan & Beal, 1913
  • † Weiler, 1922
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Delfortrie, 1871
  • † Böhm, 1942
  • † Stromer, 1905
  • † Cappetta, 1986
  • † Chapman & Pritchard, 1907
  • † Leidy, 1876
  • † Dartevelle & Casier, 1959
  • † Dartevelle & Casier, 1943
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Cope, 1867
  • † Fowler, 1911
  • † Woodward, 1893
  • † Carraroli, 1897
  • † Davis, 1888
  • † Chapman & Cudmore, 1924
  • † Arambourg, 1952
  • † Meyer, 1844
  • † Sauvage, 1878
  • † Leidy, 1855
  • † Botti, 1877
  • † Mendiola, 1999
  • † Hatai, Murata & Masuda, 1965
  • † Meyer, 1843
  • † Deraniyagala, 1937
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Buckland, 1837
  • † Issel, 1877
  • † Philippi, 1846
  • † Mishra, 1980
  • † Agassiz, 1843
  • † Gibbes, 1849
  • † Woodward, 1889
  • † Chaffee, 1939
  • † Cope, 1867
  • † White, 1934

These eagle rays lived from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary periods (from 70.6 to 0.012 Ma). Fossils of these fishes have been found worldwide.[9]

The extinct species is known from Tertiary deposits along the Atlantic seaboards of the United States, Brazil, Nigeria, England, and Germany.[9]

Gallery[]

  • M. aquila

  • M. californica

  • M. freminvillei

  • M. tenuicaudatus

  • M. tobijei


See also[]

  • List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish

References[]

  1. ^ Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Chondrichthyes entry)". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2012-05-10.
  2. ^ a b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Myliobatis in FishBase. July 2017 version.
  3. ^ a b c Discover life
  4. ^ a b World Register of Marine Species
  5. ^ White, W.T. (2014). "A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera". Zootaxa. 3860 (2): 149–166. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3860.2.3. PMID 25283197.
  6. ^ "Myliobatis australis | Shark-References".
  7. ^ a b White, W.T.; Kawauchi, J.; Corrigan, S.; Rochel, E.; Naylor, G.J.P. (2015). "Redescription of the eagle rays Myliobatis hamlyni Ogilby, 1911 and M. tobijei Bleeker, 1854 (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) from the East Indo-West Pacific". Zootaxa. 3948 (3): 521–548. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3948.3.7. PMID 25947786.
  8. ^ Ruocco, N.L.; Lucifora, L.O.; de Astarloa, J.M.D.; Mabragaña, E.; Delpiani, S.M. (2012). "Morphology and DNA barcoding reveal a new species of eagle ray from the Southwestern Atlantic: Myliobatis ridens sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes, Myliobatidae)" (PDF). Zoological Studies. 51 (6): 862–873.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ a b c Shark References

Further reading[]

  • Aguiar, A.A.; Gallo, V.; Valentin, J.L. (2004). "Using the size independent discriminant analysis to distinguish the species of Myliobatis Cuvier (Batoidea: Myliobatidae) from Brazil". Zootaxa. 464: 1–7. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.464.1.1.
  • Compagno, L.J.V. (1999): Checklist of living elasmobranchs. A: Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The Johns Hopkins University Press: 471-498.
  • Garman, S (1913). "The Plagiostomia (Sharks, Skates and Rays)". Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 36: 1–515.
  • Gill, T.N. (1865). "Note on the family of myliobatoids, and on a new species of Aetobatis". Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. 8: 135–138. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1867.tb00300.x.
  • Walker, C. & Ward, D. (1993): - Fossielen: Sesam Natuur Handboeken, Bosch & Keuning, Baarn. ISBN 90-246-4924-2


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