National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesia)

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National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
LOGO BRIN NEW.jpg
Logo of BRIN, as from 10 August 2021
Alt Logo BRIN.png
Alternative logo and Flag of BRIN
Agency overview
Formed24 October 2019
28 April 2021 (as independent agency)
JurisdictionIndonesia Indonesia
Annual budget464,004,499.20 USD (Rp 6.6 trillions)
Agency executive
Websitehttps://brin.go.id

The National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesian: Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN) is a cabinet-level government agency formed by Indonesian government in 2019. Originally a new agency attached to Ministry of Research and Technology and leading to formation of Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, the agency controversially separated and made into a new non-ministerial government agency directly under the President of Indonesia in 28 April 2021. On 24 August 2021 the agency gained the cabinet level status officially thru enactment of Presidential Decree No. 78/2021.

The agency characterized as "scientific merger company" for its controversial strategy fusing many pre-existing scientific agencies into its own body. Asvi Warman Adam [id], Indonesian scholar and historian researcher noted that BRIN is a form of "holding research institution".[1]

History[]

Formation[]

On 17 April 2018, Presidential Decree No. 38/2018 (On National Research Main Framework of 2017–2045) signed by Joko Widodo. The Main Framework outlining the national research policies and priorities for comprehensive sustainable development.[2]

Before BRIN existed, government research and development activities scattered across various ministries, government institutes and mostly pursuing short term outcomes.[3] Not only that, research and development management is far from effective. Corruption Eradication Commission reported in 2018, that from the national government research funding around 24.92 trillion rupiahs allocated for research (0.25% of Indonesia Bruto domestic product), in which only 43.74% spent on Research and Development (RnD) activities, while others spent for operational costs (30.68%), service costs (13.17%), capital expenditure (6.65%), and education and training (5.77%). Not only that, fictitious researches, overlapping researches, and various misuse and mismanagement of funding also reported.[4][5] BRIN formed with intention to fix the problems in Indonesia research ecosystem.

BRIN formation was not apart from the figure of Megawati Soekarnoputri, former fifth President of Indonesia and Leader of Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle. The BRIN formation was suggested by her during her political speech during 46th anniversary party event in January 2019. In her speech, she suggested to the current sitting president, Joko Widodo, to form of a national-centered research and innovation agency to direct and support national research ecosystem, promoting nationality, and promoting national self-sufficiency.[6][7]

On 13 August 2019, Joko Widodo signed Law No. 11 of 2019 (Law of National System of Sciences and Technology). Article 48 of the law laying foundation of future BRIN.[8] After winning the election, on 23 October 2019, he signed Presidential Decision No. 113/P/2019 on formation of his cabinet and the ministers. As the Presidential Decision written, the agency attached to Ministry of Research and Technology.[9] On 24 October 2019, BRIN temporary constituting document, Presidential Decree No. 74/2019 signed by him. The constituting document specify that the organizational system of BRIN must be fixed in three months after the signing of the temporary document.[10]

Uncertainty[]

However, Bambang Brodjonegoro, the Minister of Research and Technology somehow failed to finished it and meet the deadline. In response, Joko Widodo issued temporary extension through Presidential Decree No. 95/2019 on 31 December 2019, enabling the process extended to 31 April 2020.[11] However, until the time past, the process still not finished. The situation make Indonesian researchers becoming worry that something wrong happened.[12]

The uncertainty problem arise due to conflicts between the three ministries: Ministry of Research and Technology, Ministry of Law and Human Rights, and Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform. People's Representative Council requested Joko Widodo to warned the ministries to work properly and consolidating.[13]

In an interview on 11 April 2021, Bambang Brodjonegoro accused that there is a "political power" in government that attempted to make BRIN as autonomous body.[14]

Separation[]

On 30 March 2021, Joko Widodo submitted a Presidential Letter No. R-14/Pres/03/2021 to People's Representative Council (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR) contained a proposal for major change his cabinet. In his Presidential Letter, Ministry of Research and Technology and Ministry of Education and Culture will be fused into one ministry named Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. While a new ministry, Ministry of Investment, will be spin off from current Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investments Affairs to be independent ministry on its own, but still under its coordination. BRIN will be separated as a new non-ministerial agency.[15]

On 9 April 2021, People's Representative Council, approved the changes.[16] On 13 April 2021, Ali Mochtar Ngabalin, spokesperson and expert professional of Deputy IV (Information and Political Communication) Executive Office of the President of the Republic of Indonesia, announced that the second reshuffle will take place on second week of April 2021.[17] However, due to many reasons, the second reshuffle finally announced at 28 April 2021. Unusual for reshuffle happened in Indonesia, this reshuffle was the first of its kind which not only reshuffled the ministers, but also disbanding ministry institutions during the mid-term of presidency. In this reshuffle, Laksana Tri Handoko, former Chief of Indonesian Institute of Sciences appointed as the second holder of National Research and Innovation Agency, but first holder of Head since its independence.[18] All appointed officials inaugurated and their respective new offices were established with Presidential Decision No. 72/P/2021.[19] However, the head inaugurated separately with different Presidential Decision, No. 19/M/2021.[20]

Establishment as Indonesia' Sole National Research Agency[]

On 5 May 2021, Joko Widodo signed Presidential Decree No. 33/2021, effectively establishing BRIN as sole national research agency. The decree decreed that all Indonesian national research agency such as Indonesian Institute of Sciences (Indonesian: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, LIPI), (Indonesian: Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi, BPPT), (Indonesian: Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional, BATAN), and National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Indonesian: Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, LAPAN) fused into BRIN. As expected, BRIN position no longer as regulatory body, as its regulation function remains in the ministry.[21] Despite being signed on that day, the decree, which backdated on 28 April 2021, was not yet published on government's law official channel, Documentation Legal Information Network (Indonesian: Jaringan Dokumentasi Informasi Hukum) but mass media, which make it not yet become officially in force.[22] It finally published on 29 May 2021.[23]

The initial organizational structure of BRIN also greatly expanded with this decree. BRIN now divided into 2 parts, Steering Committee and Executives. The Steering Committee, which is, controversially, ex-officio office hold by members of Steering Committee of Pancasila Ideology Development Agency (Indonesian: Badan Pembina Ideologi Pancasila, abbreviated as BPIP) Steering Committee. The Head of BRIN Steering Committee is also The Head of BPIP Steering Committee. The Executives headed with Head of BRIN, executing research and day-to-day activities, as directed by the Steering Committee.[21]

The decree also granted local government in each province and city to upgrade their Research and Development Department in their respective province and city into Regional Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesian: Badan Riset dan Inovasi Daerah, abbreviated as BRIDA). While the BRIDA office responsible to their own respective area and local government, BRIN also have power to monitor, control, and evaluate each BRIDA office research performance.[21] The decree mandated to every province and regencies and townships government must formed their own BRIDA office in 2 years after the decree become effective. With currently there are 34 provinces, 416 regencies, and 98 township in Indonesia, 548 BRIDA offices are expected to be formed at least until 2023.[24][25]

On 9 June 2021, Head of BRIN, Laksana Tri Handoko announced the plan that BRIN will be expanded more with integration of ministerial Research and Development divisions.[26] The plan actually not something new, as the issue already exist in 2018, since the Bill of the Law of National System of Sciences and Technology discussed in the parliament.[27] Back in April 2021, Joko Widodo intended that in the future, ministerial Research and Development divisions relinquished to the BRIN so the national research activities consolidated to BRIN only and no more overlapping research performed.[28] In the announcement of this plan, BRIN, together with Ministry of Finance, and Ministry of National Development Planning, prepared 3 options: (1) full integration of those research and development division from the respective ministry to BRIN, so each ministry required to relinquished their research and development division to the BRIN fully, but this plan is the most exhaustive, because structural change may involve the research and development division's originator ministry and Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform (2) program transition, which only relinquish some of ministerial research programs, its funding and execution to BRIN, or (3) partial transition, in which, only part of the research arm within the ministerial research and development division relinquished to BRIN, but the human resources retained their status from its originating ministry.[26] The third option probably made due to, in some ministries, its research and development division combined with human resources development, such as in Ministry of Religious Affairs' Research, Development, Education, and Training Agency.[27] If the first plan considered and succeeded, 11 ministerial Research and Development division will be fused into BRIN: Ministry of Home Affairs' Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology' Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Defense' Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources' Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Transportation' Transportation Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Agriculture' Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Health' National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Religious Affairs' Research, Development, Education, and Training Agency, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology' Human Resources Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Law and Human Rights' Research and Development Agency for Law and Human Rights, Ministry of Environment and Forestry' Research, Development, and Innovation Agency.

On 15 June 2021, additional plan of BRIN expansion announced by Laksana Tri Handoko. The additional plan is the fusion of all scientific institutions in Indonesia into BRIN, except some scientific regulatory and oversight agencies. Mentioned in the plan, additional agencies to be fused into BRIN are Geospatial Information Agency (Indonesian: Badan Informasi Geospasial, abbreviated as BIG), and National Standardization Agency (Indonesian: Badan Standardisasi Nasional, abbreviated as BSN).[29] The BIG inclusion is unexpected, because BIG is part of the Indonesia intelligence system and Geospatial Intelligence system Geospatial Intelligence Working Group (Indonesia: Kelompok Kerja Intelijen Geospasial).[30][31]

On 8 July 2021, Laksana Tri Handoko announced a total of 48 state research units/agencies will join BRIN structure.[32]

As the initial capital for BRIN as independent agency, Government approved to allocate Rp 6.6 trillions for Fiscal Year 2022.[33]

To strengthen BRIN existence to coordinate all research matters in national levels to the regional/local levels, Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform issued Circular No. B/295/M.SM.02.03/2021 on reformation and transformation of research resources on 22 July 2021.[34] The circular addressed to all state-owned research institutions and regional/local research and development departments. The circular mandated to the addressed institutes to be arranged their research and development arm under coordination of BRIN, and pushing formation of BRIDA offices as late as 31 December 2022.[34] On 12 August 2021, the Ministry of Home Affairs' Research and Development Agency, cooperated with Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform, BRIN, National Civil Service Agency, and National Institute of Public Administration held symposium on Research Institution Reformation. On the symposium, many issues relating research coordination under BRIN discussed. Addressed issues are: (1) human resource transfer from the institutions that due to be fused into BRIN, and (2) on the difficulties of BRIDA formation. On the BRIDA formation matter, the Ministry of Home Affairs offered the assistance to the local and regional government to assist the formation of BRIDA office on their respective area.[35][36][37]

On 28 August 2021, BRIN, announced plan to cut off and dismantle redundant state research institutions and centers of excellence (COEs) in Indonesia for efficiency in funding. BRIN also developed means to prevent formation and replication of these institutions in future, so in future, formations of the institutions prohibited and avoided research redundancies deemed wasteful and burdening taxpayers' money.[38]

Attempt to challenge BRIN status[]

Two researchers, Eko Noer Kristianto and Heru Susetyo, submitted a judicial review to Constitutional Court to challenge the government decision. The researchers claimed that there is "potentially raised uncertainties" of Indonesia scientific community due to BRIN existence and requesting clearance on "integration" in laws regulating sciences in Indonesia.[39] The submission of the case submitted as Submission Deed No. 34/PUU/PAN.MK/AP3/08/2021 to the Constitutional Court. The deed later registered as Case No. 46/PUU-XIX/2021 on 7 September 2021. The review planned to be held at 21 September 2021.[40][41]

Structural Revision[]

Presidential Decree No. 33/2021 proved clashed with existing laws, and call for revision of the constituting document are voiced by scientists and law makers. The biggest issues are clashes between Law No. 10/1997 (Nuclear Power) and Law No. 21/2013 (Law of Space) in which BATAN and LAPAN, respectively made based on the said laws, not thru Presidential Decrees like LIPI, BPPT, and other agencies.[42] On 7 July 2021, Government announced future replacement of current BRIN temporary constituting document, Presidential Decree No. 33/2021.The replacement document intended to change the way BRIN will be operated, and changing the organization's structure. The replacement document still under construction during the time of announcement. The announcement also giving some glimpses of future BRIN will be. On the announcement, there are 5 major points of revisions: (1) Revisions on the presidential decree's articles which conflicted with preexisting laws, (2) Clarification on the integration mechanisms, (3) Harmonization between BRIN and other scientific and scientific regulatory agencies, (4) Fixing inter agencies coordination issues, (5) There will be 10 to 11 Technical Implementing Organizations under BRIN. What are the Technical Implementing Organizations subordinated under BRIN were unknown at that time, but there are some demotion of currently preexisting organizations, and some others are split of preexisting organizations.[43][44] The revision also somehow defending BATAN and LAPAN status for being dismantled and left out from BRIN, although however, some parts of the institutions will joined BRIN. Despite that, the said revision plan yet to cover the clear difference between BRIN and Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology in regulating science in Indonesia and the coordination between these two institutions on research matters with the DPR are yet to be clear. As the result, currently for consultation on research matters split between two different commissions in DPR.[42][45]

As part of the bargain and deal made by preexisting agencies with BRIN, agencies fused into BRIN still able to carry their old name when they do their business as the name already used for decades and some active projects, contracts, and cooperations still retained the old name. For example, in case of LAPAN after its disbandment it will be changed into an organization called Space and Aeronautics Research Organization (Indonesian: Organisasi Riset Penerbangan dan Antariksa, ORPA). Despite LAPAN now known as ORPA, ORPA can still use LAPAN as their name on their preexisting active projects, contracts, and cooperations.[46]

On 30 July 2021, Joko Widodo issued Presidential Decree No. 62/2021, the permanent constituting document of Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, to the government's law official channel, Documentation Legal Information Network.[47][48] The decree further cemented the ministry regulatory functions over science, research, and technology in Indonesia thru formation of the General Directorate of Higher Education, Research, and Technology, miniaturized version of Ministry of Research and Technology, within the ministry body, not BRIN. While it make clear that BRIN do not have regulatory functions anymore and vested the regulatory functions in the ministry, the document still not yet made clear the coordination between the ministry and the BRIN. Nadiem Makarim himself asserted that BRIN is a partner of the ministry in performing researches, not the subordinate of the ministry.[49]

On 10 August 2021, as part of leaving the past and legacy of Ristek era, BRIN introduced new logo. The change of the logo announced at the same time of 26th National Technology Awakening Day celebration. The logo was drawn by Triawan Munaf [id], former Chief of Creative Economy Agency of Jokowi's previous Working Cabinet. The new logo consisted with stylized, integration of previous logos of LIPI, BPPT, LAPAN, and BATAN.[50][51][52] At the ceremony, Laksana Tri Handoko announced the finalization of upcoming draft of BRIN line up.[53]

On 24 August 2021, the new BRIN temporary constitutional document, Presidential Decree No. 78/2021 signed as the replacement of Presidential Decree No. 33/2021, and published on 1 September 2021. Based on the new decree, BRIN Steering Committee and deputies overhauled and restructured, the Technical Implementing Organizations (now termed simply as Research Organizations) in BRIN expanded, and integration mechanism cleared.[54] The new decree unfortunately not spared BATAN and LAPAN from disbandment, however, BATAN and LAPAN relinquished their power and rights granted by laws, Law No. 10/1997 (Nuclear Power) and Law No. 21/2013 (Law of Space) respectively, to the BRIN as sole inheritor.[54] It also provide mechanisms to local and regional government to form BRIDA offices. In the old constituting document, BRIDA is solely formed by their respective local and regional government. In the new constituting document, BRIDA formation is jointly provided by local/regional government and BRIN, with BRIN providing consideration of the formation of BRIDA to the local government. The BRIDAs can be attached to the Local/Regional Government Research and Development Department, not too burdening to local/regional government as before.[54] It also make clear between BRIN and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. BRIN inherited much of the former Ministry of Research and Technology, except some works and responsibilities that need to left to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology.[54] The decree also reconfigure the office of the Steering Committee, from solely from BPIP steering committee members to become mixed between BPIP, Ministry of Finance, and Ministry of National Development Planning, academicians, and professionals.[55] The decree also uplifted status of BRIN to not only behaved just like common research and development agency which just only performing researches. The decree officially turned BRIN to has power and enjoyed status like ministerial office and become cabinet-level agency (termed as Lembaga Setingkat Kementerian). However, BRIN activities much controlled under supervision of BRIN Steering Committee directions, inputs, evaluations, approvals, or policy recommendations due to increased power of BRIN Steering Committee granted by the decree. The BRIN Steering Committee also had reserved rights to form Executive Assistance Task Forces to effectively assist BRIN executive under "special circumstances" if needed.[55] BRIN also required to report its institutional performance biannually to the Steering Committee, and annually reported to the president.[54] On 2 September 2021, acting executive officers of the Research Organizations inaugurated. With the inauguration of officers, LIPI, BPPT, LAPAN, and BATAN come to the end, but their integration process still on the way and pushed to one year after the enactment of Presidential Decree No.78/2021.[54][56][57][58][59]

On 3 September 2021, BRIN announced that will be held position filling process gradually on September 2021, December 2021, and March 2022 due to the organization size.[60] The real size of BRIN was not yet known to public and yet to be disclosed. On 6 September 2021, it is revealed from the disclosure that the organization structure of BRIN is actually very big, and it will housed 16 Research Organizations under its aegis.[61]

[]

  • Logo of BRIN (28 April 2021 - 10 August 2021)

  • Logo of BRIN (from 10 August 2021)

List of Steering Committee Head[]

# Head Concurrent Post Political Party Took Office Left Office Cabinet
1 Megawati Soekarnoputri Head of BPIP Steering Committee Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
5 May 2021
Incumbent
 Onward Indonesia Cabinet

List of Steering Committee Vice Heads[]

# Head Concurrent Post Political Party Took Office Left Office Cabinet
1 Sri Mulyani Minister of Finance Independent
1 September 2021
Incumbent
 Onward Indonesia Cabinet
Suharso Monoarfa Minister of National Development Planning United Development Party

List of Heads[]

# Head Took Office Left Office Cabinet
1 Bambang Brodjonegoro
23 October 2019
28 April 2021
 Onward Indonesia Cabinet
2 Laksana Tri Handoko
28 April 2021
Incumbent
 Onward Indonesia Cabinet

Organizations[]

BRIN Organizational Structure, as in 1 September 2021. Included also realized and future Research Organizations.

With the enforcement of Presidential Decree No. 33/2021, the organization of BRIN greatly expanded and much complexed. BRIN inherited national research units and laboratories formerly owned by LIPI, BPPT, BATAN, and LAPAN, totaling more than 80 institutes.

With the structural revision thru Presidential Decree No. 78/2021, the decree overhauled the structure of BRIN and expanded BRIN structure. The decree altered BRIN Steering Committee structures and Research Organizations of BRIN from original 4 into 7, less than 11 originally planned. The Deputies structures also altered to not based of the fields of expertise as before.[59][54] On 6 September 2021, full structure of BRIN disclosed. The disclosure cited Presidential Decree No. 78/2021 and Chief of BRIN Decree No. 1/2021. From the disclosure, it is revealed that those 7 Research Organizations actually part of 16 Research Organizations that will be placed under BRIN.[61]

The full structure of BRIN, as disclosed on 6 September 2021.

  1. Office of BRIN Steering Committee
    1. Office of Head of BRIN Steering Committee (ex-officio office filled with the BPIP Head of Steering Committee)
    2. Office of Vice Heads of BRIN Steering Committee (ex-officio office filled with the Minister of Finance and Ministry of National Development Planning)
    3. Secretary
    4. Steering Committees
    5. Executive Assistance Task Forces
  2. Executives
    1. Office of Head of BRIN
    2. Office of Vice Head of BRIN
    3. Main Secretariat
      1. Bureau of Planning and Finance
      2. Bureau of Law Affairs and Cooperation
      3. Bureau of Organization Affairs and Human Resources
      4. Bureau of State Properties Management Affairs and Procurement
      5. Bureau of Public Communication, General Affairs, and Secretariat
      6. Section of Household Affairs
      7. Section of Secretariat Affairs
    4. Deputy I (Development Policies)
      1. Office of the Deputy I
      2. Office of the Deputy I Secretariat
      3. Directorate of Policy on Human Development, Population and Cultural Affairs
      4. Directorate of Policy on Political, Law, Defense, and Security Affairs
      5. Directorate of Policy on Economy, Manpower, and Regional Development Affairs
      6. Directorate of Policy on Environment, Maritime, Natural Resource, and Nuclear Power Affairs
    5. Deputy II (Research and Innovation Policies)
      1. Office of the Deputy II
      2. Office of the Deputy II Secretariat
      3. Directorate of Research, Technology, and Innovation Policy Formulation
      4. Directorate of Research, Technology, and Innovation Measurements and Indicators
      5. Directorate of Evaluation of Research, Technology, and Innovation Policies
    6. Deputy III (Human Resources, Sciences, and Technology)
      1. Office of the Deputy III
      2. Office of the Deputy III Secretariat
      3. Directorate of Competency Development
      4. Directorate of Functionaries Guidance and Professional Development
      5. Directorate of Talent Management
    7. Deputy IV (Research and Innovation Infrastructure)
      1. Office of the Deputy IV
      2. Office of the Deputy IV Secretariat
      3. Directorate of Scientific Collection Management
      4. Directorate of Research Fleets Management
      5. Directorate of Laboratories, Research Facilities, and Science and Technology Areas Management
      6. Directorate of Nuclear Facilities Management
      7. Directorate of Research and Innovation Infrastructure Strengthening and Partnership
    8. Deputy V (Research and Innovation Facilitation)
      1. Office of the Deputy V
      2. Office of the Deputy V Secretariat
      3. Directorate of Research and Innovation Licensing, Governance, and Scientific Authority
      4. Directorate of Intellectual Property Management
      5. Directorate of Repositories, Multimedia and Scientific Publishing Affairs
      6. Directorate of Research and Innovation Funding
    9. Deputy VI (Research and Innovation Utilization)
      1. Office of the Deputy VI
      2. Office of the Deputy VI Secretariat
      3. Directorate of Technology Transfer and Audit System
      4. Directorate of Utilization of Research and Innovation in Industries
      5. Directorate of Utilization of Research and Innovation in Ministries/Institutions, Community, and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
      6. Directorate of Research and Innovation Partnership
    10. Deputy VII (Local/Regional Research and Innovation)
      1. Office of the Deputy VII
      2. Office of the Deputy VII Secretariat
      3. Directorate of Local/Regional Research and Innovation Policies
      4. Directorate of Local/Regional Research and Innovation Facilitation and Monitoring
      5. Directorate of Local/Regional Research and Innovation Dissemination and Utilization
    11. Office of General Inspectorate
      1. Office of Main Inspectorate
      2. Bureau of General Affairs and Reporting
      3. Inspectorate I
      4. Inspectorate II
      5. Inspectorate III
    12. Research Organizations
      1. Nuclear Power Research Organization
      2. Engineering Science Research Organization
      3. Earth Sciences Research Organization
      4. Life Sciences Research Organization
      5. Social and Humanities Research Organization
      6. Assessment and Application of Technology Research Organization
      7. Space and Aeronautics Research Organization
      8. Marine and Fisheries Research Organization
      9. Archeology Research Organization
      10. Metrology Research Organization
      11. Religious Sciences and Religious Beliefs Research Organization
      12. Language and Letters Research Organization
      13. Environment and Forestry Research Organization
      14. Government Administration and Public Welfare Research Organization
      15. Agriculture and Husbandry Research Organization
      16. Health Research Organization
    13. Centers
      1. Center of Data, Technology, and Information (attached to Main Secretariat)
      2. Center of Technology Services (attached to Main Secretariat)
      3. Indonesian Nuclear Technology Polytechnic

Aside of these offices, Local and Regional BRIDA offices coordinated, synchronized, controlled, and monitored under Deputy VII.

The number of institutions also apparently will be much greatly expanded in the future, with target 48 state research units/agencies to be liquidated and fused into BRIN. As per 1 September 2021, 5 already fused into BRIN (LIPI, BPPT, LAPAN, BATAN, and remnants of the former Ministry of Research and Technology), and other 44 state research units/agencies will joined BRIN in future.[62][63] On 6 September 2021, full structure of BRIN disclosed and it is revealed that 16 Research Organizations will be placed under BRIN. The 16 Research Organizations are reorganized form of 48 state research units/agencies.[61]

Responses[]

BRIN formation is welcomed by many scientists,[4][5][64] and politicians.[65] It separation to become a fully independent agency reporting directly to the president also praised.

However, there is some fears that BRIN might become a political tool which leading to a source of potential conflict of interest. Largely, because BRIN existence is not separated from the role of Megawati and there is a rumor that Megawati wanted to be placed in BRIN "Directorial Committee".[66] The rumor become true with the issue of Presidential Decree No. 33/2021, as establishment of Steering Committee is realized and Megawati automatically become the head of the office due to being an ex-officio office.[21]

To prevent BRIN become political tool, Indonesian Young Scientists Academy (Indonesian: Akademi Ilmuwan Muda Indonesia, ALMI) issued three stances: (1) government must keeping science and technology as base for policy making and decision, (2) instrumentation of science and technology and preventing BRIN, science and technology institute and research centers, and universities to become state corporations which follows the governing regime's political will and capitalism market to ensure their neutrality and independence, (3) ensuring the clear BRIN role as executor, not as the regulator to prevent overlapping role with ministries, and clearing form of BRIN as either independent agency on his own, or combining the existing government research and development agencies into BRIN umbrella.[67][68]

Criticisms[]

While its existence was desired by Indonesia's scientific community, formation of BRIN was criticized due to being coordinated with and sharing the same Steering Committee with BPIP. Critics are afraid that in doing so, BRIN becomes politicized and received government intervention, threatening scientific freedom from political interest. This controversy arise largely because Megawati, a member of the steering committee for BRIN, is also a political party leader.[69] An opposition party, Prosperous Justice Party also lamented the decision, because the Steering Committee office did not have lawful basis, and was not mandated in Bill No. 11/2019. The law basis actually came from a bill, Bill of Pancasila Ideology Direction, which supposedly become the law basis for BPIP to grasp power to direct everything to the Pancasila, but the bill already dropped and died out.[70][71] The party also criticized the fusion of older state scientific institutes like LIPI, LAPAN, BPPT, and BATAN, because not only erasing the historical Indonesia scientific institutions and landmarks, the fusion also clashed with existing laws primarily Law No. 10/1997 (Nuclear Power) and Law No. 21/2013 (Law of Space).[72][73] The head, Laksana Tri Handoko, however, supported that the "Steering Committee - Executive" system between BPIP and BRIN is necessary for building "responsible science-based policy making" to guide national research programs following national interests and protecting from irresponsible researches which may potentially conflicted with national ideology, interests, and wisdoms.[74] The ruling party, Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, supported the decision, largely due to Megawati contribution to Indonesian scientific community, and as the party claimed, one of people that advocating larger scientific funding for Indonesia research agencies.[75] Yanuar Nugroho, political scientist and research advisor of Centre for Innovation Policy and Governance think-tank based in Jakarta, commented that if the steering committee exist for organizational purpose, it is not become problem as their job just steering the organization and its policies. However, if the steering committee exist to control the direction of the growth and advancement of sciences, it may become the problem as it will be translated the attempt of the government, whoever is ruling, to monopolize the sciences to establish righteousness based on government' point of view. Because Indonesia now just have BRIN only, BRIN expected to be "right and righteous" first before fully operating.[76]

Not only the BRIN formation, formation of BRIDA offices across Indonesia also quite difficult. Largely because local and regional research and development agency under local and regional government had been so long neglected, underpowered, underperformed, lacking the resources and instruments, lacking proper and capable human resources, and mostly their researches limited only in local and regional policy making and lack of innovation.[77]

Current BRIN status and its expansion by "eating" older existing research agencies also criticized. Azyumardi Azra, Indonesian Islam scholar lamented the decision, because such invasive merging strategy used by the agency to build his own, and the merger process itself expected to be happened in very short time. Such process is very risky and even if it is succeeded, the resulting organization become so massive and very large.[78][79] The merger strategy used by BRIN also cost the National System of Sciences and Technology lined out by the Law No. 11/2019 itself, which the law mandated the independence of each the scientific organizations and co-operation, and synergy between the scientific organizations. If many scientific organizations all fused into BRIN, practically BRIN will monopolize the research performed by the state.[80] Not only that, with the status just as research and development agency, not a ministry as before, the bargaining power of BRIN also weak.[81] The issue resolved with the issuance of the new temporary BRIN constituting document, Presidential Decree 78/2021.[55]

During the hearing with Commission IV of People's Representative Council on 25 August 2021, Syahrul Yasin Limpo, Minister of Agriculture expressed his concern about the future BRIN plan of liquidation of ministerial research agencies and turning the agency to become part of BRIN.[82] The Ministry of Agriculture's Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (Balitbangtan) is one of ministerial research agencies targeted to be liquidated and fused into BRIN. While the agency performances largely not known at large and publicly known as other research agencies, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development is a much larger research agencies with established networks of state agriculture research institutes responsible with state agricultural research activities with more than 707.4 million hectares under their responsibility, and possessed large manpower powering it even larger than all Indonesian Institute of Science manpower totalled.[1][82] Endang S. Thohari, former Ministry of Agriculture scientist and one of founder of Balitbangtan who currently Gerindra politician sitting in Commission IV also lamented the government decision to liquidate the agency she founded with Indonesian agricultural scientists.[83] In the hearing, Limpo asked the support to the Commission IV to spare Balitbangtan from the liquidation, or if even it liquidated only part of basic researches divisions that relinquished to BRIN, while specialized agricultural researches still performed by Balitbangtan.[83] Earlier on 20 August 2021, Research Professor Communication Forum of Balitbangtan also voiced the same concern. Tahlim Sudaryanto, Agriculture professor and Head of Research Professor Communication Forum of Balitbangtan submitted the report compiled by the forum to the Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform and Ministry of State Secretariat. In the report, the forum performed analysis and concluded that it is very hard to fused such large Balitbangtan to BRIN body in smooth without disturbance. The forum offered two options that possible: (1) soft integration, and (2) partial integration. If soft integration chosen, BRIN will lack power to control Balitbangtan, as Balitbangtan still attached to the Ministry of Agriculture but Balitbangtan programs and funding controlled and supervised by BRIN. While the option not advantaged to BRIN, the option is strengthening BRIN and Balitbangtan in collaboration to succeeding National Plan of National Research Priorities of 2020 - 2024 period. If partial integration chose, part of Balitbangtan relinquished to BRIN, and what remained with Balitbangtan will reformed into a non-research institution under Ministry of Agriculture with tasks assignments to be determined in the future. While this option advantaging BRIN, the execution of the option must be not be rushed and pushed into fixed 31 December 2022 deadline as mandated in the Circular No. B/295/M.SM.02.03/2021. The report also urged the government to change their deadline on liquidation if the second option chosen.[34]

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