North American Leaders' Summit

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North American Leaders' Summit
Canada, Mexico and the United States

 Canada

Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister

 Mexico

Andrés Manuel López Obrador, President

 United States

Joe Biden, President

The North American Leaders' Summit (NALS), sometimes called the Three Amigos Summit in the popular press,[1][2][3] is the trilateral summit between the Prime Minister of Canada, the President of Mexico, and the President of the United States.[4] The summits were initially held as part of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP), a continent-level dialogue between the three countries established in 2005, and continued after SPP became inactive in 2009.[5][6]

The most recent North American Leaders' Summit was hosted by US president Joe Biden on November 18, 2021 at the White House in Washington, D.C.[7][8]

Meetings[]

From left to right: Mexican President Felipe Calderón, U.S. President George W. Bush, and Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, attending a dinner following the North American Leaders' Summit in New Orleans, United States on April 21, 2008.
From left to right: Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and U.S. President Barack Obama, at the North American Leaders' Summit in Ottawa, Canada on June 29, 2016
From left to right: Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, U.S. President Joe Biden, and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau at the North American Leaders' Summit at the White House in Washington, D.C. on November 18, 2021.

Until 2009, the summits were held as part of the wider Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America. There are no fixed dates for the summits and in some years a summit has not been held for varying reasons.[9] During the Trump administration from 2017 to 2021, no official summits were held.[10] The leaders of the three countries continued to meet at other events, such as the signing of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement during the 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit.

Year Location Dates Host leader Guest leaders
2005 United States Waco, Texas March 23 George W. Bush Mexico Vicente Fox
Canada Paul Martin
2006 Mexico Cancún, Quintana Roo March 31 Vicente Fox United States George W. Bush
Canada Stephen Harper
2007 Canada Montebello, Quebec August 20–21 Stephen Harper United States George W. Bush
Mexico Felipe Calderón
2008 United States New Orleans, Louisiana April 21–22 George W. Bush Mexico Felipe Calderón
Canada Stephen Harper
2009 Mexico Guadalajara, Jalisco August 8–11 Felipe Calderón Canada Stephen Harper
United States Barack Obama
2010 No meeting held[notes 1][9]
2011 No meeting held[notes 2][11]
2012 United States Washington, D.C. April 2 Barack Obama Mexico Felipe Calderón
Canada Stephen Harper
2013 No meeting held[9]
2014 Mexico Toluca, State of Mexico February 19 Enrique Peña Nieto Canada Stephen Harper
United States Barack Obama
2015 No meeting held[notes 3][12]
2016 Canada Ottawa, Ontario June 29 Justin Trudeau United States Barack Obama
Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto
2017 No meetings held[notes 4][13]
2018
2019
2020
2021 United States Washington, D.C. November 18 Joe Biden Canada Justin Trudeau
Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador

See also[]

Bilateral relations
Trilateral relations

Notes[]

  1. ^ A planned 2010 summit in Wakefield, Quebec was postponed and later cancelled by Stephen Harper.
  2. ^ The planned November 13, 2011 summit in Honolulu, Hawaii was cancelled by Barack Obama after the death of Mexican Interior Minister Francisco Blake Mora and several other Mexican government officials in a helicopter crash
  3. ^ The planned 2015 summit in Canada was postponed and later cancelled by Stephen Harper over tensions with the administration of Barack Obama over the Keystone XL oil pipeline
  4. ^ No summits were held during the presidency of Donald Trump.

References[]

  1. ^ Cheadle, Bruce (April 3, 2012). "Three Amigos summit not so chummy". Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  2. ^ Potter, Mitch (April 2, 2012). "Analysis: Stephen Harper faces tricky terrain during 'Three Amigos' summit". Toronto Star.
  3. ^ Horsley, Scott (June 29, 2016). "Obama To Meet Mexican-Canadian Counterparts In Ottawa". Morning Edition. NPR. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  4. ^ "North American Leaders' Summit (NALS)". North American Commercial Platform. International Trade Administration, US Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  5. ^ "President Bush to Attend North American Leaders' Summit in Canada". News Archive. Office of the White House Press Secretary. June 15, 2007. Archived from the original on January 11, 2009. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  6. ^ Baril, Sophie-Anne; Cicchitelli, Ernesto (July 1, 2016). "Three Amigos Convene Again: The 2016 North American Leaders' Summit". Council on Hemispheric Affairs. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  7. ^ White House. Office of the President. (10 November 2021). "Press Release: North American Leaders’ Summit (NALS)" White House website Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  8. ^ Ashley Parker, Amanda Coletta and Kevin Sieff. (18 November 2021). "Biden meets with Canadian and Mexican leaders, attempting a reset". Washington Post website Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  9. ^ a b c "Stephen Harper postpones North American Leaders' Summit to late 2015". CBC News. January 15, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2017. "There is no fixed time of year for the three leaders to meet. Dates for the summit have been prone to change. The three countries rotated hosting duties between 2005 and 2009, but in 2010, Canada postponed a meeting that had been scheduled to be held in Wakefield, Que., and then did not host it at all... There was no summit in 2013.
  10. ^ "Joe Biden to host first 'Three Amigos' summit since 2016". BBC News. November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
  11. ^ Fekete, Jason (November 12, 2011). "Tragic deaths force cancellation of Three Amigos summit in Hawaii". Ottawa Citizen. Postmedia News. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  12. ^ Proudfoot, Shannon (June 28, 2016). "A cheat sheet for the Three Amigos summit". Maclean's. Retrieved January 27, 2017. Harper cancelled the 2015 summit amid mounting tension with the U.S. over the Keystone XL pipeline, which Obama ultimately rejected
  13. ^ "Leaders of U.S., Canada and Mexico to hold first Three Amigos summit in five years". Montreal Gazette. Reuters. November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021. The leaders started holding what is informally known as the Three Amigos summit in 2005 and met most years until 2016. The practice ended when U.S. President Donald Trump took office in January 2017.

External links[]

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