North Caucasus Military District

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North Caucasus Military District
Северо-Кавказский военный округ
Northcaucasus md emb.png
North Caucasus Military District Coat of Arms
FoundedMay 4, 1918
Country Soviet Union (1918–1991)
Russia Russian Federation (1991 – 1 Sept 2010)
BranchRussian Ground Forces
TypeMilitary district
Part ofMinistry of Defence
HeadquartersRostov-on-Don
DecorationsOrder of the Red Banner Order of the Red Banner
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Anatoly Kvashnin

The North Caucasus Military District was a military district of the Russian Armed Forces, which became in 2010 the Southern Military District and lately also included the Black Sea Fleet and Caspian Flotilla.

It comprised the Republic of Adygeya, the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Karachay–Cherkess Republic, the Republic of North Osetia-Alaniya, the Chechen Republic, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai, and Astrakhan, Volgograd, and Rostov oblasts. It has the same borders as the Southern Federal District. Its last commander was Lieutenant General Alexander Galkin, appointed from January 2010.

History[]

Boundaries of the North Caucasus Military District (in red) on 1 January 1989

The District was originally established on 4 May 1918, and reorganized as a field formation during the Russian Civil War. The First Cavalry Army was formed in the District in November 1919.[1] The District was reformed in the early 1920s with its headquarters at Rostov. Kliment Voroshilov was made district commander. During the 1920s and 1930s, the District became home to many training establishments, which were to multiply greatly during the Second World War.

In June 1941 the district's first line troops comprised the commanded by Major General A.D. Kuleshov with the and , the 26th Mechanised Corps with the 52nd and 56th Tank Divisions and the 203rd Mechanised Division (103 Mech Div?), the 28th Mountain Rifle Division, and the .[2] The 19th Army was formed in the District in May–June 1941 under former district commander Ivan Konev and was engaged against the Germans from the beginning of Operation Barbarossa. 50th and 53rd Cavalry Divisions were also formed here, joining the Soviet Western Front.

Later the District saw battles around Rostov in November 1941 where the Germans suffered defeat, and the Battle of Stalingrad, which has been described as the most ferocious battle to date. Following the conclusion of the Battle of the Caucasus, the North Caucasian Front and the headquarters of the 56th Army were disbanded in accordance with a Supreme Command directive of the 20 November 1943. The Independent Coastal Army was formed, for the second time, on their base.

The 68th, 76th, 77th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 81st, 82nd and 83rd Naval Rifle Brigades were formed in the district after a November–December 1941 People's Commissariat for Defence resolution.[3]

Immediately following the war, to demobilize the force, on 9 July 1945 the territory was split into three military districts: Don, Stavropol, and the Kuban.

  • The Stavropol Military District consisted of Stavropol Krai, Grozny Oblast, Kabardino-Balkar ASSR, and the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Holm writes the district headquarters was formed in July 1945 from the headquarters of the 59th Combined Arms Army and HQ 1st Guards Horse-Mechanised Group.[4] The 19th Rifle Division arrived in the district in late 1945.
  • The Kuban Military District comprised the territory of Krasnodar Krai (formed by the headquarters of the 60th Army). The Kuban Military District comprised the 29th Rifle Corps (73rd, 102nd Rifle Division and ), as well as the 9th Rifle Division.[5] By summer 1946 the 29th Rifle Corps had been reduced to commanding the 8th, 9th, and 39th Independent Rifle Brigades. They were reexpanded into divisions in 1951.
  • The Don Military District was located in the territory of the Rostov, Stalingrad, and Astrakhan Oblasts. The staff of the Don Military District was located in Rostov-on-Don, and was considered the heir of the traditions of the North Caucasus Military District. Among the formations in the Don Military District was the 6th Rifle Corps, which had arrived from Latvia in 1945. In early 1946 its three rifle divisions were reduced to independent rifle brigades (the 15th, 18th, and 46th, though the 15th disbanded in 1947).

In 1946 the Don Military District was renamed again as the North Caucasian Military District. The official Russian military website notes the work of the soldiers of the district in helping repair the ravages of the war.

The important Kapustin Yar test range was created in the District following the war.

In 1955 the district's forces included the 6th Rifle Corps (68th Mechanised Division and 372nd, soon to become 68th, Rifle Division). Other forces included the 29th Rifle Corps, 9th Rifle, 19th Rifle, 24th Guards Rifle, 46th Rifle, and 73rd Mountain Rifle Division, and the 1st Guards Tank Division.[6]

In 1957 the 12th Rifle Corps became the 12th Army Corps (Soviet Union). At the time it controlled the 42nd Guards Motor Rifle Division and the 92nd Motor Rifle Division (Ordzhonikidze, Severo-Osetinskaya ASSR), which became the 19th MRD in 1964. In 1957 the 29th Rifle Corps became the 29th Army Corps, but nine years later it was moved to Belogorsk, Amur Oblast, in the Far East Military District.[7]

The District was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1968.

In 1974 the was established at Novocherkassk, to replace the 51st Tank Division which was moving to Mongolia.[8]

In 1979 Scott and Scott reported the District's HQ address as Rostov-na-Donu 18, Ulitsa Tekucheva, Dom 135.

In 1980 the 12th Army Corps controlled the 9th Motor Rifle Division (Maykop), the 156th Motor Rifle Division (mobilisation) (Novorossiysk), and the 113th Motor Rifle Division (mobilisation) at Goryachiy Klyuch, Krasnodar Krai. The 113th Motor Rifle Division was formed in 1978, and in 1981 moved to Molkino, Krasnodar Krai.[9] The same year, the 34th Army Corps controlled the 82nd Motor Rifle Division (Volvograd) and 197th Motor Rifle Division (Uryupinsk).

Post 1989[]

North Caucasus Military District Map

In 1989, the 14th Tank Division was transferred to the MVD, and retitled as the .[8]

The official website underlines the importance of the District as a border formation with the task of securing the southern boundary of the Russian Federation. The first conflict the District became involved in during the post Soviet period was the attempted secession of South Ossetia from Georgia to join North Ossetia, which is a federal subject of the Russian Federation. Soldiers from the District became involved in protecting installation in Vladikavkaz from irregular fighters in late 1992.

In 1990, there were three army corps in the district.[10] The 42nd Army Corps at Vladikavkaz commanded the 19th Motor Rifle Division, the 12th Army Corps at Krasnodar, briefly to become the 49th Army, commanded the 9th MRD, and the 34th Army Corps at Volgograd commanded the 82nd Motor Rifle Division. Units directly under district command included the 110th Artillery Division at Buynaksk, the 173rd District Training Centre at Groznyy, one SSM, one SAM, one artillery, and one pipeline brigade. There were also reserve (no equipment) units: an artillery brigade, an anti-tank brigade, and a SAM brigade.

The former 8th Guards Army of Stalingrad fame, was withdrawn from East Germany to the site of its greatest victory, now named Volgograd, in May 1993. While being transferred to the Caucasus, it became 8th Guards Army Corps. The 58th Army's creation was announced on April 26, 1995; previously there had only been corps headquarters in the District (and the 58th was formed from the previous 42nd Army Corps headquarters).[11] 8th Guards Army Corps was disbanded in 1998.

On December 1, 1993, the 136th Motor Rifle Brigade was established at Buynaksk, Dagestan. In 1996-97, the brigade was merged with the "Uman-Berlin" as the 136th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade.[12] The 204th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment was transferred to the North Caucasus at some point during the transformation of the 94th Guards Motor Rifle Division, returning from the GSFG, to become the 74th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade in the Siberian Military District.

In 2006 the District included the 42nd Guards Motor Rifle Division at Khankala, in the environs of Grozny in Chechniya, the 20th "Prikarpatsko-Berlinskaya" Guards Motor Rifle Division (which may have absorbed the 56th Guards Air Assault Brigade), the 33rd Independent Motor Rifle Regiment (Volgograd), the 131st Motor Rifle Brigade (Maykop – former 9 MRD), the 58th Army (headquarters at Vladikavkaz) with the 19th Motor Rifle Division, 136th "Umansko-Berlinskaya" Independent Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, and other brigades and regiments, the 4th Air Army, the Transcaucasus Group of Forces,[citation needed] the Caspian Flotilla,[citation needed] and other formations and units. These other formations and units included the newly forming 33rd and 34th Independent Motor Rifle Brigades (Mountain).[13]

The District was the primary Russian military formation responsible for managing the Chechen conflict throughout the First and Second Chechen Wars. Insurgent activity slowly decreased in the early 2000s. Twenty-six soldiers won the star of the Hero of the Russian Federation in the first war, and 43 in the second.

In the first decade of the 21st century, the Armed Forces did not have the primary role in directing the anti-terrorist effort in the North Caucasus region. The Regional Operational Headquarters (ROSh), chaired by the Deputy Director FSB RF (Head of the department for protection of the constitutional structure and the campaign against terrorism) directed and conducted the counter-terrorist operation.[14] Subordinated to it was the Combined Grouping of Troops (OGV) in the North Caucasus drawing on the Armed Forces, the Interior Troops, the FSB, and other agencies.

During the 2008 South Ossetia War, troops from this district were involved in combat operations in South Ossetia and inside Georgian territory.

The Southern Military District was formed on October 22, 2010,[15] and the North Caucasus Military District was disbanded. Lieutenant General Alexander Galkin took command of the Southern Military District.

Commanders (1918–2010)[]

Commanders of the Don Military District[]

  • July 1945 - February 1946: Colonel General Pavel Belov
  • June 1949 - December 1951: Colonel General Vladimir Romanovsky
  • December 1951 - November 1953: Colonel General Nikanor Zakhvatayev

Commander of the Kuban Military District[]

Commanders of the troops of the Stavropol Military District[]

  • July 1945 - February 1946: Lieutenant General
  • March - May 1946: Lieutenant General (interim)

Subordinate Units[]

Structure, and units of the North Caucasus Military District 2010

Order of the Red Banner North Caucasus Military District 2010:

  • Combat formations:[19][20]
  • Missile and Artillery formations:
  • Air defense formations:
    • 67th Air-defence Missile Brigade, in Volgograd, equipped with the Buk missile system
    • 1138th Air-defence Command Center
  • Radar formations:
    • 131st Independent Radio-technical Brigade, in Rostov-on-Don
    • 48th Independent Radio-Technical Battalion, in Vladikavkaz
  • Engineering formations:
    • 11th Engineer Regiment, in Prokhladny
    • 57th Independent Engineer Battalion
  • NBC-defence formations:
    • 118th Independent NBC-defence Battalion, in Frolovo
    • 860th Independent Flamethrower Battalion, in Oktyabrsky
  • Signal formations:
    • 175th (Communications Hub) Signal Brigade "Luninetsko-Lipskaya"
    • 176th (Territorial) Signal Brigade
    • 234th Independent Signal Regiment
    • 148th Independent (Rear) Signal Battalion
    • 395th Independent Signal Battalion
    • 97th Independent Electronic Warfare Battalion, in Vladikavkaz
    • 1270th Independent Electronic Warfare Center, in
  • Other formations:

7th Guards (Mountain) Airborne Division, in Novorossiysk (under command of the Russian Airborne Troops (VDV) Command in Moscow)

Subordinate institutions[]

Band[]

The Headquarters Military Band of the North Caucasus Military District was founded on 26 December 1962. Musicians have been repeated laureates and diploma recipients of all-army competitions of military bands, as well as a laureate of an international festival in Yugoslavia. It has also visited the Chechen Republic more than once, and in February 2002 attended a military parade of the United Group of Forces in Grozny. The unit consisted of 83 musician who were both military and civilian personnel.[22]

Song and Dance Ensemble[]

The Song and Dance Ensemble of the North Caucasian Military District was created in 1943 and has a permanent composition of 50 musicians. Every fifth member of the collective is an honored artist of some profession. There is also a composition of 5-10 conscripts. Its main task is to help the commanders of units maintain the moral and psychological spirit of their personnel. In the period between 1999 and 2003, the ensemble performed 200 concerts in the area of the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus.[23]

Museum[]

On 1 November 1967, a museum dedicated to the military history of the North Caucasian Military District was opened in the House of Officers of the district. Since October 2010, it has served as the military history museum of the Southern Military District. In the memorial hall of the new museum, there is a relief map of the formwe district, opposite to which there are marble pylons with the names of two and three time Heroes of the Soviet Union. The Civil War hall reflects on the history of the creation and formation of the North Caucasian Military District.[24][25]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Russian Ministry of Defence,History of the North Caucasus Military District Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed August 17, 2007
  2. ^ Niehorster, Order of Battle June 1941
  3. ^ Evgeniy Abramov's book "The Black Death. Soviet Naval Infantry In Combat" («ЧЕРНАЯ СМЕРТЬ» СОВЕТСКАЯ МОРСКАЯ ПЕХОТА В БОЮ), Moscow 2009, ISBN 978-5-699-36724-5
  4. ^ Michael Holm, Stavropol Military District, c2015, accessed August 2020.
  5. ^ Feskov et al. 2013, 516–517.
  6. ^ Feskov, V.I.; K.A. Kalashnikov; V.I. Golikov (2004). The Soviet Army in the Years of the 'Cold War' (1945–1991). Tomsk: Tomsk University Press. p. 49. ISBN 5-7511-1819-7.
  7. ^ Holm, 35th Combined Arms Army, 2015.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b "14th Tank Division".
  9. ^ Michael Holm, http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/corps/12ak.htm
  10. ^ Andrew Duncan, 'Russian forces in decline — Part 4,' Jane's Intelligence Review, December 1996.
  11. ^ http://www.afpc.org/rrm/rrm3.htm — creation of 58th Army
  12. ^ Сергей Турченко (5 September 2010). "Кровавая проверка боеготовности. Всего один смертник сумел прорвать оборону мотострелковой бригады". (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-08-01.
  13. ^ Jamestown Foundation, Putin's Order on Mountain Brigades Results in Competing Forces
  14. ^ C.W. Blandy, Advent of Mountain Brigades, Conflict Studies Research Centre, November 2007
  15. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2010-12-27.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. ^ Feskov, V.I.; K.A. Kalashnikov; V.I. Golikov (2004). The Soviet Army in the Years of the 'Cold War' (1945–1991). Tomsk: Tomsk University Press. ISBN 5-7511-1819-7.
  17. ^ "Biography of Colonel-General Vladimir Zakharovich Romanovskii – (Владимир Захарович Романовский) (1896–1967), Soviet Union". www.generals.dk. Retrieved 2016-02-16.
  18. ^ [1] Generals.dk, accessed January 2008. Trofimenko was a former commander of the Central Asian MD (pre 1941), the 7th Army (Soviet Union), and the Belarussian Military District.
  19. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2010-04-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-06-14. Retrieved 2010-04-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ^ 100th Experimental Reconnaissance Brigade – see http://milkavkaz.net/?q=node/44
  22. ^ "Оркестр штаба Северо-Кавказского военного округа отмечает 45-летие".
  23. ^ "Ансамбль песни и пляски СКВО более 60 лет успешно поднимает боевой дух солдат".
  24. ^ "Военно-исторический музей Южного военного округа".
  25. ^ "Начальник Военно-исторического музея Южного военного округа С.Сторчак: "Только объективное отношение к истории может сохранить дух народа и страны" - Юг и Северный Кавказ || Интерфакс Россия".

References[]

  • Scott, Harriet and William F. Russian Military Directory, 2002
  • Scott; Harriet and William F. (1979). The Armed Forces of the USSR. Boulder: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-89158-276-2.

Further reading[]

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