Oak Ridge Associated Universities
Abbreviation | ORAU |
---|---|
Formation | 1946 |
Legal status | Active |
Headquarters | Oak Ridge, Tennessee |
Membership | 143 colleges and universities |
President | Andy Page |
Website | www.orau.org |
Formerly called | Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies (ORINS) |
Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) is a consortium of American universities headquartered in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, with an office in Washington, D.C., and staff at several other locations across the country.
History[]
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The organization was first established in 1946 as the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies (ORINS) with 14 university members. Its original purpose was to advance science and technology education and research by providing access to the atomic energy research facilities of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to faculty and students of universities across the South.[1] The Institute also served to provide access to university faculty for ORNL researchers, arranging for University of Tennessee faculty to teach master's and doctoral courses in chemistry, math, and physics in Oak Ridge using ORNL facilities, equipment, and supplies.[2] University of Tennessee faculty member William G. Pollard developed the institution from a suggestion by ORNL physicist Katharine Way; Pollard would be elected the Institute's first executive director, a position he would hold until 1974.[1][3] The name Oak Ridge Associated Universities was adopted in 1966.[4]
In 1950, ORINS opened a hospital where it conducted clinical research for the United States Atomic Energy Commission on the use of radiation and radioactive materials in cancer treatment. The hospital treated patients until the mid-1970s.[2] ORINS also conducted training courses in radioisotopes and established resident training programs in nuclear medicine. In the 1980s, clinical research at ORINS was the subject of investigation by the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments.
The was organized as a unit of ORAU in January 1974, under the leadership of former Oak Ridge National Laboratory director Alvin Weinberg. This institute's focus was evaluation of alternatives for meeting future energy requirements. From 1976 until it ceased operation with Weinberg's retirement in 1984, the Institute for Energy Analysis was a center for study of diverse issues related to carbon dioxide and global climate.
In the mid-1970s, ORAU operated the Training And Technology (TAT) Project, an effort at providing marketable technical skills to the disadvantaged unemployed. TAT taught basic sciences as well as technical skill concentrations, such as welding, machining, mechanical operations, drafting and physical testing. Employment search assistance was provided to trainees to integrate with regional industrial company opportunities.
The Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) was established by ORAU in 1976 to provide onsite emergency medical services, advice, and consultation for incidents involving radiation anywhere in the world.
Current mission and programs[]
ORAU's mission continues to be the advancement of scientific research and education. ORAU operates the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) under contract to the Department of Energy. ORISE provides operational capabilities and conducts research, education, and training in the areas of science and technology, national security, environmental safety and health, and environmental management.
Health physics and epidemiology continue to be major areas of activity for ORAU and ORISE. Activities include radiological surveys, dose reconstruction, and health screening for workers who may have been exposed to radioactive material, beryllium, or other toxins. The Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) continues to operate as a part of ORISE. A Cytogenetics Biodosimetry Laboratory has been established within ORISE to provide capabilities for measuring radiation dose and to conduct research to improve techniques for determining the doses received by victims of radiological accidents.
Members[]
ORAU defines two levels of membership, "sponsoring institution" and "associate member". Sponsoring institutions must be non-profit, accredited universities granting doctoral degrees in relevant fields ("complementary to the interests of ORAU members and/or the programs of ORAU itself"), and either among the top schools in the US by Carnegie Classification or National Science Foundation research spending, or have offered doctoral degrees in multiple STEM fields for at least five years. Associate members are not required to be non-profit, but must be accredited and offer graduate degrees in at least two science, engineering, or math fields; be recommended by an existing sponsoring institution or ORAU program; and receive a significant amount of NSF or other federal research funding.[5]
The ORAU consortium comprises over 100 sponsoring institutions and 21 associate members, as of July 2017.[6] Several institutions in both groups (24 as of July 2017) are additionally members of ORAU's Historically Black Colleges and Universities/Minority Education Institutions (HBCU/MEI) Council, created to foster "relationships between these schools" serving historically disadvantaged communities in the US "and some of the larger laboratories and research universities in America", and increase participation by members of minority communities in scientific research.[7]
Sponsoring institutions[]
- Alabama A&M University[a]
- Arizona State University
- Auburn University
- Augusta University
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Catholic University of America
- Clark Atlanta University[a]
- Clemson University
- College of William & Mary
- Colorado State University
- Duke University
- East Carolina University
- East Tennessee State University
- Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University
- Emory University
- Florida Atlantic University
- Florida Institute of Technology
- Florida International University[a]
- Florida State University
- George Mason University
- George Washington University
- Georgetown University
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Georgia State University
- Howard University[a]
- Idaho State University
- Illinois Institute of Technology
- Imperial College London
- Indiana University
- Jackson State University[a]
- Johns Hopkins University
- Lehigh University
- Louisiana State University
- Meharry Medical College[a]
- Michigan State University
- Michigan Technological University
- Middle Tennessee State University
- Mississippi State University
- Missouri University of Science and Technology
- New Mexico State University[a]
- North Carolina A&T State University[a]
- North Carolina State University
- Northwestern University
- Ohio State University
- Ohio University
- Oklahoma State University
- Penn State University
- Purdue University
- Rice University
- Rutgers University
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale
- Southern Methodist University
- Southern University and A&M College[a]
- Syracuse University
- Temple University
- Tennessee State University[a]
- Tennessee Technological University
- Texas A&M University
- Texas Christian University
- Texas Tech University
- The City College of New York
- Tulane University
- Tuskegee University[a]
- University of Alabama
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- University of Alabama in Huntsville
- University of Arkansas
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- University of Central Florida
- University of Cincinnati
- University of Colorado Boulder
- University of Colorado Denver
- University of Delaware
- University of Florida
- University of Georgia
- University of Houston
- University of Kentucky
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette
- University of Louisville
- University of Maryland, College Park
- University of Memphis
- University of Miami[a]
- University of Michigan
- University of Mississippi
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas
- University of Nevada, Reno
- University of New Mexico[a]
- University of New Orleans
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte
- University of North Dakota
- University of North Texas
- University of Notre Dame
- University of Oklahoma
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of South Alabama
- University of South Carolina
- University of South Florida
- University of Southern Mississippi
- University of Tennessee
- University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center
- University of Texas at Arlington[a]
- University of Texas at Austin
- University of Texas at Dallas
- University of Texas at San Antonio[a]
- University of Toledo
- University of Tulsa
- University of Utah
- University of Virginia
- University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Utah State University
- Vanderbilt University
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Virginia Tech
- Wake Forest University
- Washington University in St. Louis
- Wayne State University
- West Virginia University
- Western Kentucky University
- Yale University
Associate members[]
- Appalachian State University
- Arkansas State University
- Berea College
- College of Charleston
- Eastern Kentucky University
- Fayetteville State University[a]
- Georgia Southern University
- Johnson C. Smith University[a]
- Kentucky State University[a]
- Lincoln Memorial University
- Maryville College
- Morehouse College[a]
- Norfolk State University[a]
- Oakland University
- Philadelphia University
- South Carolina State University[a]
- University of Maryland, Eastern Shore[a]
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley[a]
- University of the District of Columbia[a]
- Villanova University
- Western Carolina University
Former members[]
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- Desert Research Institute (associate member)
- Morgan State University[a]
- Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico (associate member)[a]
- Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, Orlando (associate member)
- Roanoke College (associate member)
- University of Mississippi Medical Center (associate member)
- University of Missouri
- University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras[a]
- University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez[a]
- Virginia State University (associate member)[a]
See also[]
- Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments
- Atoms for Peace
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ a b Smith, D. Ray; Krause, Carolyn (Dec 6, 2016). "Historically Speaking: Katherine [sic] Way and her influence on Oak Ridge". The Oak Ridger. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
[Katharine] Way suggested to William Pollard, a former colleague and physics faculty member at the University of Tennessee, that the extensive and unique facilities of ORNL should be made available to the faculty and students of Southern universities. Pollard, a nuclear physicist, author and Episcopal priest, embraced the idea and founded the institute.
- ^ a b Bonee, Pam (February 23, 2011). "Oak Ridge Associated Universities". Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Nashville and Knoxville, TN: Tennessee Historical Society and the University of Tennessee Press. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ "Oak Ridge Post Filled". The New York Times. Associated Press. 23 June 1974. p. 22. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
Philip L. Johnson has been named executive director of Oak Ridge Associated Universities to succeed Dr. William G. Pollard.
- ^ "The ORAU Story: a brief history of ORAU from 1946 to present". www.orau.org. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ "Criteria for membership in the ORAU university consortium" (PDF). www.orau.org. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ "Directory of ORAU Consortium Member Universities". www.orau.org. 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
- ^ a b "ORAU: HBCU/MEI Council Promotes Minority Research Programs and Partnerships". www.orau.org. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
What America’s historically black colleges and universities and minority-serving education institutions may lack in material resources for scientific research, they more than make up for in talent, ingenuity and expertise. ORAU recognizes these capabilities and places a high priority on building relationships between these schools and some of the larger laboratories and research universities in America.
External links[]
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities official website
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) is managed by ORAU for the U.S. Department of Energy.
- 1946 establishments in Tennessee
- Oak Ridge, Tennessee
- International college and university associations and consortia
- College and university associations and consortia in the United States
- Educational institutions established in 1946