Olenyok (river)

Olenyok
Оленёк / Өлөөн
Olenyok; Оленёк / Өлөөн
	The Olenyok drainage basin
	Location of the mouth in Yakutia, Russia
Location
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Yakutia
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Vilyuy Plateau
• coordinates	67°35′26″N 105°9′53″E / 67.59056°N 105.16472°E
• elevation	460 m (1,510 ft)
Mouth
• location	Olenyok Gulf,; Laptev Sea
• coordinates	72°59′1″N 119°47′40″E / 72.98361°N 119.79444°ECoordinates: 72°59′1″N 119°47′40″E / 72.98361°N 119.79444°E
• elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Length	2,292 km (1,424 mi)
Basin size	219,000 km2 (85,000 sq mi)
Discharge
• average	1,210 cubic metres per second (43,000 cu ft/s)

The Olenyok (Russian: Оленёк, sometimes spelled Оленек, Olenek; Yakut: Өлөөн, Ölöön) is a major river in northern Siberian Russia, west of the lower Lena and east of the Anabar. It is 2,292 kilometres (1,424 mi) long, of which around 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) is navigable. Average water discharge is 1,210 cubic metres per second (43,000 cu ft/s).^[1]

The Olenyok is known for its abundance in fish. It is frozen for over eight months every year and the climate in its area is harsh because of the direct influence of the Arctic.

History[]

In 1633 Ivan Rebrov reached the Olenyok from the Lena delta and built a fort.^[2] In 1642–44 Rebrov and Fedot Alekseyev Popov reached the river but were driven out by the natives.^[3]

Pioneering Russian Arctic explorer Vasili Pronchishchev and his wife Tatiana (Maria) died of scurvy in the area of the river in September 1736, while mapping the coasts of the Laptev Sea. After their deaths, husband and wife were interred at Ust-Olenyok, near the mouth of the Olenyok. Their tomb was moved after the bodies were exhumed in 1999.^[4]

In 1956 the Olenekian Age of the Triassic Period of geological time was named for rock strata in the Olenyok area.

Course[]

The river's source is in Krasnoyarsk Krai, on the Vilyuy Plateau, to the southeast of the Anabar Plateau. The river flows east and then northeastwards through Olenyok before emptying into the Olenyok Gulf of the Laptev Sea at Ust-Olenyok just west of the Lena River delta.

Dyangylakh or Dzhyangylakh (Ostrov Dyangylakh) 73°05′20″N 120°08′24″E / 73.089°N 120.140°E / 73.089; 120.140 is a large flat delta island at the mouth of the Olenek River. There are many smaller islands in its immediate vicinity, such as Eppet Island off its eastern side, but none comes close to its size. Dyangylakh is 21 kilometres (13 mi) long and 16 kilometres (10 mi) wide.^[5]

The major tributaries of the Olenyok are the , , , , , and on the right, and the and the on the left.^[6]

Location of the Olenyok River course

1921 image of the grave of Vasili and Tatiana Pronchishchev in Ust-Olenyok

References[]

^ Russian State Water Register - Olenyok River
^ Lantzeff, George V., and Richard A. Pierce (1973). Eastward to Empire: Exploration and Conquest on the Russian Open Frontier, to 1750. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
^ Historical data
^ Excavations at the burial site of the couple
^ Dyangylakh
^ Olenyok River, Great Soviet Encyclopedia, in 30 vols. / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. 1969-1978.