Oma maa

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My Own Land
Cantata by Jean Sibelius
Sibelius.gif
The composer in 1918.
CatalogueOp. 92
TextOma maa, by Kallio
LanguageFinnish
Composed1918
Premiere
Date25 October 1918

My Own Land (Finnish title: Oma maa; sometimes translated as Our Native Land), Op. 92, is a single-movement cantata for mixed choir and orchestra written in 1918 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The piece, which is a setting of Kallio's (a pseudonym for Samuli Kustaa Bergh) Finnish language poem of the same name, is the first in a series of four "little known but beautiful",[1] patriotic cantatas from the composer's mature period—including (Op. 93, 1919); (Op. 95, 1920); and (Op. 110, 1926). My Own Land premiered on 25 October 1918 in Helsinki with Armas Maasalo conducting the Helsinki Youth League (the predecessor to the Finnish National Chorus)—the commissioning ensemble and dedicatee—and the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra.

Orchestration[]

My Own Land is scored for the following instruments and voices:[2][3]

History[]

A map showing the division between Red and White Finland in early 1918; it was during the turmoil of the civil war that Sibelius composed My Own Land.

The cantata resulted from a commission by the "Helsinki Youth League",[4][a] a youth choir that eventually became the Finnish National Chorus (Kansallis-Kuoro); the ensemble desired from Sibelius a new work that it could perform in 1918 to celebrate its tenth anniversary.[6] Sibelius at the time was staying in Helsinki at Lapinlahti (the hospital at which his brother, Christian, was the medical superintendent),[7][8] having abandoned Ainola as a precaution in mid-February due to risks associated with the Finnish Civil War. (On 28 January, the Soviet-aided Reds had taken the capital and established a socialist state; on 12–13 February, they had searched the home of Sibelius, who was a known White sympathizer.)[6]

The war led to food shortages and inflation, and Sibelius desperately needed money. It was in these "inauspicious circumstances"[6] that he agreed composed the new cantata (as Sibelius's biographer, Erik Tawaststjerna, notes: "What other course was there but to borrow or beg—and compose?"), although the National Chorus offered him a mere 1,000 Finnish marks, which the composer was to return upon selling the cantata to a publisher. (In his diary, Sibelius grumbled: "In other words, they get it for nothing. But I haven't the heart to say no".)[8]

Sibelius chose to set the poem Oma maa (1832) by the Finnish poet Kallio (a pseudonym for Samuli Kustaa Bergh), which had become dear to him during the war.[6] It is a patriotic text—one of "finest achievements of Finnish lyrical poetry", pre-Kivi[9]—that speaks of one's longing for Finland and references Finnish mythology. For example, in the first stanza, Kallio writes:

Original Finnish English translation[b]

Vallan autuas se, jok' ei nuorena sortunu maaltaan,
hyljetty onnensa kans' urhoin haudoilta pois!
Ei sopis miehenä näin mun nuhdella taivahan töitä,
mutta mun syämeni taas tahtoopi huoata ees.
Kun minä muistan sen yön, jona rakkailta rannoilta luovuin,
nousevat silmiini nyt vieläkin viljavat veet.
Ei mun mielestän' ei mee Pohjolan tunturit, joilla
lasna ma kuuntelin kuin sampo ja kantelo soi.

Fortunate is he who in youth was not driven from his country,
Abandoned by fortune, far from his heroes' graves!
As a man it does not befit me to question heaven's deeds,
But my heart wishes once more, at least, to sigh.
When I remember the night when I left the shores I loved,
Even now many a tear moistens my eye.
No, I cannot forget the hills of the Northland, where
As a child I heard the music of the sampo and kantele.

Indeed, Sibelius spoke of his composition as a "song of praise to nature and the white nights of Finland".[9]

Sibelius completed the cantata in late March 1918, around the time that the Whites retook Helsinki. (The civil war subsequently ended in May.) The piece premiered months later on 25 October 1918 in Helsinki, with the Finnish composer Armas Maasalo conducting the National Chorus—its dedicatee—and the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra.[5] Sibelius was in attendance,[4] a trip that had cost him about 5,000 marks. (As he recorded on 29 October in his daiary: "Begin to compose small pieces to refill the coffers. Can't understand myself. Got back my old appetite and let things go".)[11] The critics gave the cantata mixed reviews: Evert Katila praised the piece as a "convincing expression for the beauty of Finland", while Leevi Madetoja (Sibelius's former pupil) thought that "the many-faceted orchestral texture could... have been given with greater clarity".[11]

A few modern-day commentators, however, have found much to like in My Own Land. For example, Guy Rickards has labeled the cantata a "minor masterpiece", although it "does not sound particularly Finnish in character".[12] Calling My Own Land "dignified and euphonious" in its "magical evocation of wintry nights with Aurora borealis and the white nights of midsummer", Robert Layton has argued that the cantata "deserves to be heard more often outside of Finland".[13] Vesa Sirén has described the cantata as "confident and free from the most defiant patriotism. It is as if Sibelius was already trying to lead the divided nation towards a more moderate future".[7] Finally, describing the late cantatas as a whole, Pierre-Yves Lascar argues that they "demonstrate more talent than genuine inspiration... rarely if ever [do they] equal the genius of the symphonies or the symphonic poems"; nevertheless, they "charm the listener" and are "beautiful works".[1]

Discography[]

The sortable table below lists all commercially available recordings of My Own Land:

Conductor Orchestra Chorus Rec.[c] Time[d] Venue Label Ref.
Paavo Berglund Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra Helsinki University Chorus 1985 12:13 Kulttuuritalo EMI Classics
Warner Classics 		[14]
Eri Klas Finnish National Opera Orchestra Finnish National Opera Chorus 1990 12:00 Ondine [15]
Osmo Vänskä Lahti Symphony Orchestra 2001 13:26 Sibelius Hall BIS [16]
Paavo Järvi Estonian National Symphony Orchestra Estonian National Male Choir
Ellerhein Girls' Choir 		2002 11:55 Estonia Concert Hall Virgin Classics
Erato 		[17]

Notes, references, and sources[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Andrew Barnett writes that the Finnish name for the ensemble in 1918 was the Helsingin Kansallismielisen Nuorison Sekakuorolaulajat, or 'Helsinki Nationalist Youth Mixed Chorus'.[5]
  2. ^ This translation is from the liner notes (pg. 33–34) to the recording by Osmo Vänskä, the Lahti Symphony Orchestra, and the .[10]
  3. ^ Refers to the year in which the performers recorded the work; this may not be the same as the year in which the recording was first released to the general public.
  4. ^ All runtimes are official, as printed on CD or LP liner notes. For some recordings, the notes only provide runtimes for the constituent movements; in these cases, the movement runtimes were added to obtain a total duration.

References[]

  1. ^ a b Lascar 2003, p. 11.
  2. ^ Goss 1996, p. 376.
  3. ^ Levas 1986, p. 146.
  4. ^ a b Tawaststjerna 2008, p. 136.
  5. ^ a b Barnett 2004, p. 8.
  6. ^ a b c d Barnett 2004, p. 7.
  7. ^ a b Sirén 2005.
  8. ^ a b Tawaststjerna 2008, p. 124.
  9. ^ a b Okkonen 1990, p. 3.
  10. ^ O. Vänskä—BIS (BIS CD-1265) 2004.
  11. ^ a b Tawaststjerna 2008, p. 137.
  12. ^ Rickards 1997, p. 143.
  13. ^ Layton 1993, p. 156.
  14. ^ P. Berglund—Warner (0190295869151) 2017.
  15. ^ E. Klas—Ondine (ODE 754-2) 1990.
  16. ^ O. Vänskä—BIS (CD-1265) 2004.
  17. ^ P. Järvi—Virgin Classics (7243 5 45589 2 4) 2003.

Sources[]

  • Barnett, Andrew (2004). Sibelius: Snöfrid, Cantatas, and Orchestral Works (booklet). Osmo Vänskä, Lahti Symphony Orchestra, & Dominante Choir. BIS. p. 4–8. BIS CD-1265. OCLC ????
  • Goss, Glenda Dawn (1996). "Chronology of the Works of Jean Sibelius". The Sibelius Companion. Greenwood Press. p. 323–389. ISBN 9780313283932.
  • Lascar, Pierre-Yves (2003). Sibelius: Cantatas (booklet). Paavo Järvi. Virgin Classics. p. 8–11. 7243 5 45589 2 4. OCLC 52897195
  • Layton, Robert (1993) [1965]. Sibelius. (The Master Musicians Series) (4th ed.). New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0028713222.
  • Levas, Santeri (1986) [1972]. Jean Sibelius: A Personal Portrait. (Percy Young, English translation) (2nd ed.). Porvo & Juva, Finland: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö. ISBN 9510136085.
  • Okkonen, Jukka (1990). Sibelius: Cantatas (booklet). Eri Klas, Finnish National Opera Orchestra and Chorus. Ondine. p. 5. ODE 754-2. OCLC 26017670
  • Rickards, Guy (1997). Jean Sibelius. (20th-century Composers Series). London: Phaidon. ISBN 9780714835815.
  • Sirén, Vesa (2005). "Works for Choir and Orchestra". Sibelius.fi. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  • Tawaststjerna, Erik (2008) [1978/1988; trans. 1997]. Sibelius: Volume III, 1914–1957. (Robert Layton, English translation). London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 9780571247745.

External links[]

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