From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Opinion polling for the Russian presidential election, 1996
Yeltsin campaigning in the Moscow-region on May 7, 1996
This page lists public opinion polls in connection with the 1996 Russian presidential election .
First round [ ] Candidates passing the second round are given in bold.
1992 polls [ ] 1993 polls [ ] 1994 polls [ ] 1995 polls [ ]
Date
Agency
Zyuganov Yavlinsky Zhirinovsky Lebed Yeltsin S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Chernomyrdin Tuleyev Gaidar Rutskoy Shakray Travkin Pamfilova Baburin B. Fyodorov Nemtsov Sobchak Volsky Shumeyko Rybkin Solzhenitsyn Luzhkov Kovalev Borovoi Dudayev Lakhova
Romanov
Shokhin Lapshin Kokov Khasbulatov Ryzhkov Barkashov Gromov Grachev Kozyrev Govorukhin Yakubovich Rossel Anpilov Abdulatipov Other
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
10 January 1995[8]
VCIOM
2
7 6
2
9 2
1
1
1
5
3
1
1
2
0
2
3
1
0
N/A
1
2
1
2
N/A
0
0
0
0
N/A
0
0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3
N/A
38
N/A
20 February 1995[9]
VCIOM
6
8 6
3
9 6
1
1
1
4
5
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
N/A
N/A
2
1
1
1
2
0
2
1
0
N/A
0
0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
3
N/A
26
N/A
30 March 1995[10]
VCIOM
5
10 6
3
8 8 1
1
1
4
5
2
1
1
0
7
4
1
1
N/A
1
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
1
0
0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
N/A
22
N/A
30 March 1995[11]
VCIOM
5
10 5
N/A
7
9 1
2
2
5
5
3
2
2
0
6
7
2
N/A
N/A
2
N/A
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
N/A
2
N/A
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
18
N/A
20 April 1995[12]
VCIOM
5
11 6
3
8 8 2
5
2
5
4
2
1
1
0
3
3
1
0
N/A
1
2
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
1
0
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6
N/A
19
N/A
10 May 1995[13]
VCIOM
5
9 5
10 4
8
2
5
1
5
4
1
1
2
0
3
3
1
N/A
N/A
0
2
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
0
0
N/A
1
1
4
N/A
0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
20
N/A
25 May 1995[14]
Obschchaya Gazeta
9
12 7
7
4
10 2
3
N/A
5
8
4
N/A
N/A
N/A
9
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Soskovets
20 June 1995[15]
VCIOM
7
11 8 8 6
5
1
8 0
3
6
1
1
1
0
3
3
1
N/A
N/A
1
1
0
N/A
1
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
0
0
0
0
1
1
N/A
N/A
1
1
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
20
N/A
7 July 1995[16]
VCIOM
4.2
8.1 6.3 2.3
5.6
5.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.7
3.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.7
2.3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
17.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7 July 1995[17] [18] [19] [20]
CESSI
6
12 6
14 7
N/A
N/A
10
N/A
3
5
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
1
5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
23
N/A
Starovoytova
Chubais
July 1995[21]
FOM
N/A
25 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
22 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
20
33
N/A
12 July 1995[16]
VCIOM
3.9
6.0 4.6
7.9 2.6
5.5
N/A
3.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.5
2.6
N/A
N/A
3.5
2.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
14.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
30 July 1995[22]
VCIOM
8 8 7
7
7
5
1
7
2
3
4
1
0
1
2
1
3
0
0
1
1
2
1
N/A
1
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
0
N/A
N/A
1
1
1
N/A
N/A
1
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
22
N/A
N/A
September 1995[21]
FOM
N/A
28 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
18 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
24
31
N/A
10 October 1995[23]
VCIOM
11 8 5
8 6
5
1
8 3
3
3
1
1
1
0
1
3
1
0
0
1
1
1
N/A
1
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
1
1
N/A
2
1
1
0
N/A
1
1
1
0
N/A
2
N/A
18
Khakamada
11 October 1995[24]
IFES
6
12 5
14 7
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
20 November 1995[25]
VCIOM
10 8 7
6
3
5
1
5
3
2
3
1
0
1
0
3
2
0
0
N/A
1
0
1
N/A
0
N/A
1
0
0
N/A
0
N/A
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
2
25
5
10 December 1995[26]
VCIOM
15 12 10
6
6
3
1
8
2
3
3
0
0
2
0
2
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
N/A
0
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
0
0
N/A
2
0
1
0
N/A
0
N/A
0
0
1
2
N/A
13
N/A
21 December 1995[27]
VCIOM
6 N/A
6 N/A
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1996 polls [ ] January [ ]
Date
Agency
Zyuganov Yavlinsky Zhirinovsky Lebed Yeltsin S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Chernomyrdin Tuleyev Gaidar Rutskoy Travkin Pamfilova Baburin B. Fyodorov Nemtsov Sobchak Volsky Rybkin Solzhenitsyn Luzhkov Kovalev Borovoi Dudayev Lakhova
Romanov
Kokov Ryzhkov Govorukhin Rossel Other
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
January 1996[28]
VCIOM
21 11 11 10
8
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
January 1996[29]
IISS
15 11 9
8
6
7
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10-31 January 1996[30]
VCIOM
12 7
7
6
11 N/A
1
4
N/A
N/A
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
44
N/A
N/A
N/A
14 January 1996[27]
FOM
14.2 13.6
N/A
14.9 N/A
N/A
N/A
12.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
28 January 1996[31] [32]
VCIOM
20 13 10
10
8
8
1
7
N/A
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
29 January 1996[33]
VCIOM
11.3 7.7 7.1
5.4
5.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
30 January 1996[34]
VCIOM
18 12 10
9
10
5
1
4
3
3
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
2
N/A
11
N/A
February [ ]
Date
Agency
Zyuganov Yavlinsky Zhirinovsky Lebed Yeltsin S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Chernomyrdin Tuleyev Gaidar Rutskoy Shakhray Travkin Pamfilova Baburin B. Fyodorov Nemtsov Sobchak Volsky Rybkin Solzhenitsyn Luzhkov Borovoi Lakhova
Kokov Ryzhkov Barkashov Grachev Govorukhin Anpilov Rossel Other
Against All
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
February 1996[35]
ISNP
16.4 12.5 N/A
N/A
10.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
February 1996[29]
IISS
18 8
11 7
8
6
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2 February 1996[33]
New York Times
14 11 7
6
5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
15 February 1996[31]
RIISNP
16.4 12.9 8.8
10.4
10.0
1.1
1.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
15 February 1996[36]
VCIOM
21 12 12 8
11
8
1
7
N/A
4
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5
N/A
9
N/A
15 February 1996[37]
VCIOM
22 9
11 6
11 5
1
5
2
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
N/A
13
N/A
Khakamada
18 February 1996[31]
ROMIR
18 11 9
9
8
N/A
N/A
7
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Mid-February 1996[31]
RIISNP
16.4 12.9 8.8
10.4
10.0
1.1
1.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Mid-February 1996[31] [32]
VCIOM
24 9
12 8
11
7
0
5
4
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
25 February 1996[38]
VCIOM
18.0 8.0
10.0 7.0
8.0
8.0
0.6
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
29 February 1996[39]
VCIOM
18.0 9.0
12.0 6.0
11.9
5.9
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
March [ ]
Date
Agency
Zyuganov Yavlinsky Zhirinovsky Lebed Yeltsin S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Shakkum Chernomyrdin Tuleyev Gaidar Travkin Pamfilova Baburin B. Fyodorov Nemtsov Sobchak Volsky Rybkin Solzhenitsyn Luzhkov Borovoi Lakhova
Lapshin Ryzhkov Govorukhin Rossel Other
Against All
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
March 1996[35]
ISNP
25.8 12.9
N/A
N/A
17.0 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2 March 1996[31]
FOM
20 11
8
7
14 6
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
15 March 1996[40]
VCIOM
24 10
8
7
17 4
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
N/A
N/A
8
Khakamada
17 March 1996[31] [32] [28]
VCIOM
25 11
9
8
15 7
1
1
4
2
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
17 March 1996[31]
ROMIR
25.8 9.0
7.0
N/A
17.0 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Mid-March 1996[31]
RIISNP
25.8 13.2
8.1
7.8
17.0 7.6
1.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10–18 March 1996[31] [35] [41]
CESSI
19.1 6.2
4.9
3.2
14.0 2.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
late-March 1996[32]
ROMIR
27 N/A
9
N/A
19 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
late-March 1996[28]
VCIOM
20 11
8
7
14 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
30 March 1996[42]
VCIOM
23 12
7
8
18 7
1
N/A
5
N/A
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
3
N/A
11
N/A
31 March 1996[31]
VCIOM
27 N/A
N/A
N/A
19 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
31 March 1996[31]
ROMIR
26 9
7
N/A
17 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
31 March 1996[43] [44] [45] [46]
FOM
21 8
7
8
19 5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10
2
14
6
N/A
End of March 1996[35] [32]
VCIOM
25 9
9
10
18 7
N/A
N/A
4
N/A
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
April [ ]
Date
Agency
Zyuganov Yavlinsky Zhirinovsky Lebed Yeltsin S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Bryntsalov Vlasov Starovoytova Ushakov Chernomyrdin Tuleyev Gaidar Rutskoy Shakray Travkin Pamfilova Baburin B. Fyodorov Nemtsov Sobchak Volsky Rybkin Solzhenitsyn Luzhkov Lakhova
Lapshin Ryzhkov Barkashov Gromov Govorukhin Anpilov Abdulatipov Other
Against all
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
April 1996[29]
IISS
25 9
6
6
21 3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7 April 1996[47] [43] [45]
FOM
25 9
6
6
21 3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
9
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
9
4
18
N/A
4 April 1996
VCIOM[48]
26 11
6
7
28 6
1
1
0
1
0
N/A
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
3
N/A
7
Tarasov
Mavrodi and Podoprigora
10 April 1996[31] [32]
VCIOM
26 10
8
10
18 8
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4
N/A
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10–15 April[31]
ISP
38–47 8–9
6–7
8–10
16–20 2–4
1–2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
13 April 1996[47] [43] [45]
FOM
22 8
8
6
23 5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5
1
18
N/A
15 April 1996[49]
VCIOM
25 10
6
6
21 4
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
N/A
N/A
12
Khakamada , and Shcherbakov
14 April 1996[31]
ROMIR
27.0 7.0
6.0
8.0
22.0 6.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Mid-April 1996[31]
RIISNP
28.0 12.7
8.5
10.3
23.8 6.7
1.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
17 April 1996[50] [51]
VCIOM
26.0 10.0
8.0
10.0
18.0 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
20 April 1996[47]
FOM
22 8
7
6
22 5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3
3
5
18
N/A
22 April 1996[31] [41]
CESSI
19.8 6.5
4.8
4.7
20.7 3.2
1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
24 April 1996[31]
VCIOM
27.0 11.0
9.0
8.0
21.0 4.0
2.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
24 April 1996[51]
CESSI
19.8 7.0
5.0
5.0
20.8 3.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
27 April-2 May[31]
ISP
43–45 8
7
8
25 3
1–2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
May [ ]
Date
Agency
Zyuganov Yavlinsky Zhirinovsky Lebed Yeltsin S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Bryntsalov Vlasov Shakkum Starovoytova Ushakov Tuleyev Podoprigora
Other
Against all
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
May 1996[31]
RIISNP
22.4 13.3
6.1
7.4
35.2 5.6
1.0
0.2
0.6
0.9
N/A
N/A
3.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5 May 1996[31]
VCIOM
27.0 9.0
7.0
6.0
28.0 7.0
1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5 May 1996[31] [51] [52] [53] [54]
ROMIR
28.0 7.0
5.0
7.0
28.0 6.0
2.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
15
N/A
N/A
5 May 1996[31]
ROMIR
25 8.0
6.0
6.0
29.0 4.0
1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6–24 May 1996[55]
VCIOM
13.9 6.0
3.2
3.3
23.5 2.2
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.5
N/A
43.7
N/A
Nobody 0.5
N/A 0.8
6–24 May 1996[55]
VCIOM
19.4 12.5
5.0
7.2
29.5 6.1
0.8
0.2
N/A
0.2
0.9
0.1
1.4
0.1
11.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
Tarasov
Mavrodi
N/A 4.5
9–14 May 1996[41] [56]
CESSI
18.3 9.2
4.3
5.5
27.7 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
11–12 May 1996[56]
FOM
28 18
N/A
14
32 10
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
12 May 1996[31]
ROMIR
25 9.0
5.0
5.0
32 3.0
1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
14 May 1996[31]
CESSI
19.3 9.2
4.3
5.5
27.7 3.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
14 May 1996[54]
27 N/A
N/A
N/A
28 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
15 May 1996[57]
VCIOM
22 10
6
7
36 5
1
0
0
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
0
3
N/A
N/A
Mid-May 1996[31]
RIISNP
22.4 13.3
6.1
7.4
35.2 5.6
1.0
0.2
0.6
0.9
N/A
N/A
3.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
17 May 1996[31]
ISP
42 10.0
7.0
8.0
27.0 3.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
19 May 1996[31]
VCIOM
26.0 9.0
7.0
7.0
33.0 4.0
0.5
N/A
0.4
0.5
N/A
N/A
1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
19 May 1996[31]
ROMIR
27.0 7.0
5.0
4.0
31.0 5.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
N/A
1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
24–28 May 1996[31]
ISP
36 10
5–7
7–8
36 4
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
26 May 1996[31]
ROMIR
24.0 6.0
5.0
6.0
35.0 3.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
N/A
1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
30 May 1996[41] [58]
CESSI
19.7 5.9
5.7
5.6
32.6 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
31 May 1996[59]
FOM
22 N/A
N/A
N/A
34 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
June [ ]
Date
Agency
Zyuganov Yavlinsky Zhirinovsky Lebed Yeltsin S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Bryntsalov Vlasov Shakkum Tuleyev Against all
Wouldn't vote
3 June 1996[31]
VCIOM
26.0 7.0
6.0
7.0
37.0 3.0
1.0
0.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3 June 1996[31]
ROMIR
23 7
4
7
35 2
0
0
0
0
1
N/A
N/A
7 June 1996[31]
ISP
31 11
5
9
40 2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5–11 June 1996[31] [60] [61] [62]
VCIOM
24.0 8.0
6.0
10.0
36.0 3.0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.1
1.0
N/A
N/A
8–10 June 1996[31] [60]
ROMIR
23 7
5
7
34 2
1
0
0
0
1
N/A
N/A
9 June 1996[62]
FOM
30 6
8
7
34 2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
N/A
10 June 1996[63]
VCIOM
24 9
5
7
39 3
1
1
0
0
0
2
10
13 June 1996[61]
Sovetskaya Rossiya
36 N/A
N/A
N/A
27 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
13 June 1996[61]
ISP
31 N/A
N/A
N/A
40 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
13 June 1996[31] [62] [64]
Betanelli
35.6 9.8
7.5
11.0
32.7 9.8
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
June 1996[65]
VCIOM
19 10
6
8
33 3
1
3
1
N/A
2
11
June 1996[66]
VCIOM
22 10
5
9
39 4
0
1
0
0
2
2
5
16 June 1996
Election result
32.5 7.4
5.8
14.7
35.8 0.9
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.0
1.6
N/A
Exit polls [ ] Second round [ ] Polls before runoff [ ]
Date
Agency
Zyuganov Yeltsin Against all
Not vote
Undecided
20 February 1995[68]
VCIOM
19
23 N/A
58
N/A
January 1996[39] [35]
VCIOM
41 21
N/A
N/A
N/A
January 1996 [32]
VCIOM
33 19
20
15
13
28 January 1996[31]
VCIOM
33 18
22
15
12
30 January 1996[69]
VCIOM
36 25
32
7
N/A
February 1996[31]
RIISNP
32.3
25.2
36.3 N/A
N/A
February 1996 [32]
VCIOM
34 21
22
15
13
13 February 1996[31]
VCIOM
33 19
20
15
13
15 February 1996[70]
VCIOM
36 26
24
14
N/A
Mid-February 1996[31]
VCIOM
39 27
22
4
8
March 1996[35]
VCIOM
37 29
N/A
N/A
N/A
mid-March[32]
VCIOM
32 24
17
12
12
17 March 1996[31]
VCIOM
36 33
18
3
10
17 March 1996[31]
ROMIR
40 31
N/A
N/A
N/A
12–24 March 1996[71]
IISES
32
24
36 N/A
N/A
late-March[32]
VCIOM
30 29
21
12
10
late-March[32]
ROMIR
40 30
N/A
N/A
N/A
31 March 1996[31]
VCIOM
32 24
21
12
11
April 1996[31]
RIISNP
36.5 31.7
20.8
N/A
N/A
10 April 1996[31]
VCIOM
29 28
18
15
10
13 April 1996[43]
FOM
17
22 N/A
N/A
N/A
14 April 1996[31]
ROMIR
40 34
N/A
N/A
N/A
17 April 1996[50] [51] [32]
VCIOM
29 28
17
12
12
20 April 1996[31]
ROMIR
40 36
N/A
N/A
N/A
28 April 1996[31]
ROMIR
40 36
N/A
N/A
N/A
May 1996[72]
ISP
42 27
N/A
N/A
N/A
May 1996 [29]
IISS
36-47 16-20
N/A
N/A
N/A
5 May 1996[31]
ROMIR
33
41 N/A
N/A
N/A
5 May 1996[54]
36
40 N/A
N/A
N/A
6 May 1996[31]
VCIOM
29
31 17
9
14
6-24 May 1996[55]
VCIOM
35.2
48.3 N/A
16.5
N/A
12 May 1996[31]
VCIOM
31
37 15
9
8
12 May 1996[31]
ROMIR
32
42 N/A
N/A
N/A
14 May 1996[54]
37
45 N/A
N/A
N/A
17 May 1996[41]
CESSI
27
43.1 N/A
N/A
11.5
19 May 1996[31]
VCIOM
37
50 13
N/A
N/A
19 May 1996[31]
ROMIR
32
43 N/A
N/A
N/A
26 May 1996[31]
VCIOM
36
52 12
N/A
N/A
26 May 1996[31]
ROMIR
30
46 N/A
N/A
N/A
30 May 1996[41]
CESSI
27.6
47.9 N/A
N/A
9.5
3 June 1996[31]
ROMIR
31
49 N/A
N/A
N/A
12 June 1996[31]
VCIOM
36
53 11
N/A
N/A
12 June 1996[31]
ROMIR
30
46 N/A
N/A
N/A
Polls during runoff [ ]
Date
Agency
Zyuganov Yeltsin Against all
Not vote
Undecided
16 June 1996[73]
CNN/Moscow Times
24.8
50.0 N/A
N/A
N/A
1 July 1996[74]
Betanelli
38.5
56.0 5.0
N/A
N/A
3 July 1996
Election result
40.7
54.4 4.9
N/A
N/A
Exit polls [ ] Hypothetical polling [ ] Chernomyrdin — Lebed [ ]
Date
Agency
Chernomyrdin Lebed Against all
Not vote
Undecided
14 January 1996[27]
FOM
34.6
65.4 N/A
N/A
N/A
Chernomyrdin — Yavlinsky [ ] B. Fyodorov — Lebed [ ]
Date
Agency
B. Fyodorov Lebed Against all
Not vote
Undecided
20 February 1995[75]
VCIOM
28 20
28 24
N/A
B. Fyodorov — Zhirinovsky [ ] S. Fyodorov — Gaidar [ ]
Date
Agency
S. Fyodorov Gaidar Against all
Not vote
Undecided
20 February 1995[77]
VCIOM
41 17
N/A
42
N/A
S. Fyodorov — Yavlinsky [ ] Gaidar — Yavlinsky [ ]
Date
Agency
Gaidar Yavlinsky Against all
Not vote
Undecided
May 10, 1995[3]
VCIOM
20.4
29.6 N/A
50
N/A
Gaidar — Zhirinovsky [ ] Gaidar — Zyuganov [ ]
Date
Agency
Gaidar Zyuganov Against all
Not vote
Undecided
10–23 November 1995[80]
VCIOM
26
20
38 17
N/A
Lebed—Yavlinsky [ ]
Date
Agency
Lebed Yavlinsky Against all
Not vote
Undecided
14 January 1996[27]
FOM
47.25
52.75 N/A
N/A
N/A
30 January 1996[81]
VCIOM
33
39 21
6
N/A
12–24 March 1996[71]
IISES
35 32
N/A
N/A
N/A
Lebed — Yeltsin [ ]
Date
Agency
Yeltsin Lebed Against all
Not vote
Undecided
30 January 1996[82]
VCIOM
22
40 32
6
N/A
12–24 March 1996[71]
IISES
28
24
50 N/A
N/A
Lebed — Zyuganov [ ]
Date
Agency
Lebed Zyuganov Against all
Not vote
Undecided
10 January 1996[31]
ROMIR
35 29
N/A
N/A
N/A
14 January 1996[27]
FOM
57.9 42.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
28 January 1996[31]
VCIOM
28 28 20
12
12
30 January 1996[83]
VCIOM
34 33
27
7
N/A
February 1996[31]
RIISNP
24.9
29.3
38.7 N/A
N/A
13 February 1996[31]
VCIOM
23
31 24
12
10
31 March 1996[31]
VCIOM
23
30 24
12
11
April 1996[31]
RIISNP
24.8
35.4 27.1
N/A
N/A
10 April 1996[31]
VCIOM
28 26
18
16
12
Nemtsov—Zhirinovsky [ ] Pamfilova — Yavlinsky [ ] Rutskoy — Yavlinsky [ ]
Date
Agency
Rutskoy Yavlinsky Against all
Not vote
Undecided
10–23 November 1993[3]
VCIOM
15.7
37.4 N/A
46.9
N/A
Rutskoy — Yeltsin [ ]
Date
Agency
Rutskoy Yeltsin Against all
Not vote
Undecided
June 1994[86]
FOM
19
24
30 18
9
Rutskoy — Zhirinovsky [ ] Yavlinsky — Yeltsin [ ]
Date
Agency
Yavlinsky Yeltsin Against all
Not vote
Undecided
20 February 1995[68]
VCIOM
35 14
N/A
51
N/A
February 1996[31]
RIISNP
35.2
20.1
37.1 N/A
N/A
12–24 March 1996[71]
IISES
35
20
37 N/A
N/A
April 1996[31]
RIISNP
28.0
26.8
30.1 N/A
N/A
6-24 May 1996[55]
VCIOM
23.1
55.1 N/A
21.8
N/A
Yavlinsky — Zyuganov [ ]
Date
Agency
Yavlinsky Zyuganov Against all
Not vote
Undecided
20 February 1995[87]
VCIOM
38 17
N/A
45
N/A
September 22, 1995[20]
Moscow Kurranty
26 18
21
18
17
January 1996[39]
VCIOM
36 34
36 N/A
N/A
14 January 1996[27]
Public Opinion Fund
54.5 42.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
28 January 1996[31]
VCIOM
33 27
17
11
12
30 January 1996[88]
VCIOM
39 32
24
6
N/A
February 1996[31]
RIISNP
34.2 29.2
31.4
N/A
N/A
13 February 1996[31]
VCIOM
34 28
15
11
12
Mid-February 1996[31]
VCIOM
33
37 19
4
7
17 March 1996[31]
VCIOM
32
34 17
6
11
17 March 1996[31]
ROMIR
29
38 N/A
N/A
N/A
12–24 March 1996[71]
IISES
34 29
31
N/A
N/A
31 March 1996[31]
VCIOM
31 29
16
10
14
April 1996[31]
RIISNP
31.0
36.0 20.3
N/A
N/A
10 April 1996[31]
VCIOM
31 27
14
15
13
14 April 1996[31]
ROMIR
28
39 N/A
N/A
N/A
12 May 1996[31]
VCIOM
41 40
19
N/A
N/A
14 April 1996[31]
ROMIR
34 31
N/A
N/A
N/A
6-24 May 1996[55]
VCIOM
38.7 26.6
N/A
34.7
N/A
Yeltsin — Zhirinovsky [ ]
Date
Agency
Yeltsin Zhirinovsky Against all
Not vote
Undecided
End of 1993[89]
ROMIR
21 16
N/A
7
22
25 June 1994 [90]
VCIOM
42 11
N/A
36
12
20 February 1995[91]
VCIOM
24 11
N/A
64
N/A
30 January 1996[92]
VCIOM
29
19
45 7
N/A
12–24 March 1996[71]
IISES
28.5
14
39 N/A
N/A
Zhirinovsky — Zyuganov [ ]
Date
Agency
Zhirinovsky Zyuganov Against all
Not vote
Undecided
28 January 1996[31]
VCIOM
15
35 26
14
10
30 January 1996[93]
VCIOM
18
39 36
7
N/A
February 1996[31]
RIISNP
11.2
33.6
47.1 N/A
N/A
13 February 1996[31]
VCIOM
14
35 26
14
11
28 February 1996[94]
VCIOM
12
39 38
11
N/A
17 March 1996[31]
VCIOM
13
40 32
7
8
17 March 1996[31]
ROMIR
13
44 N/A
N/A
N/A
12–24 March 1996[71]
IISES
11
34
47 N/A
N/A
31 March 1996[31]
VCIOM
13
35 32
12
8
April 1996[31]
RIISNP
11.2
37.2
41.2 N/A
N/A
10 April 1996[31]
VCIOM
12
33 30
18
7
Subnational polls [ ] Central Russia [ ] Centralno-Chernozemnyi [ ] East Siberia [ ] Far East Russia [ ] North/Northwest Russia [ ] First round Urals [ ] West Siberia [ ] Sources [ ]
^ White, Stephen; McAllister, Ian; Kryshtanovskaya, Olga (1994). "El'tsin and His Voters: Popular Support in the 1991 Russian Presidential Elections and after". Europe-Asia Studies . 46 (2): 285–303. doi :10.1080/09668139408412162 . JSTOR 152706 . ^ [1] ^ a b c https://dbk.gesis.org/dbksearch/sdesc2.asp?no=3175 ^ a b "На выборах президента в марте Григорий Явлинский собрал бы 7% голосов россиян, а в июне его шансы возрос��и бы на пять пунктов" . www.bd.fom.ru (in Russian). FOM. July 29, 1994.^ [2] ^ a b Klingemann, Hans-Dieter; Mnenie Poll Service, Moskau, Russland (1995): Political and Economic Problems Russia 1994. GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA2818 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.2818 ^ [3] ^ [4] ^ [5] ^ [6] ^ [7] ^ [8] ^ [9] ^ "Russian Election Watch No. 2, June 2, 1995" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. June 2, 1995. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .^ [10] ^ a b "Russian Election Watch, July 14, 1996" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. July 14, 1995. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .^ Ferguson, Gary (1995). Russia National Survey, 1995: Overview ISBN 9781879720039 . Retrieved February 22, 2018 . ^ "INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR ELECTION SYSTEMS OVERVIEW: RUSSIA NATIONAL SURVEY" (PDF) . www.ifes.org . International Foundation for Election Systems. 1995. Retrieved January 19, 2018 .^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ferguson, Gary (September 30, 1995). "IFES RUSSIA NATIONAL SURVEY REGIONAL PROFILES" (PDF) . www.ifes.org . International Foundation for Election Systems. Retrieved January 19, 2018 . ^ a b "Russian Election Watch No. 9, October 1, 1995" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. October 1, 1995. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .^ a b "База данных ФОМ > В сентябре лидер "Яблока" существенно обогнал премьера по числу возможных голосов избирателей" .^ https://wciom.ru/zh/print_q.php?s_id=494&q_id=36410&date=30.07.1995 ^ [11] ^ "Russian Election Watch No. 10, November 1, 1995" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. November 21, 1995. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .^ [12] ^ [13] ^ a b c d e f g "Russian Election Watch, January 26, 1996" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. January 26, 1996. Retrieved February 20, 2018 ."Russian Election Watch, January 26, 1996" . January 26, 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-01 .^ a b c Shevtsova, Lilia (1999). Yeltsin's Russia Myths and Reality . Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 156. ^ a b c d "What Would a Zyuganov Victory Mean?". Strategic Comments . 2 (4): 1–2. May 14, 1996. doi :10.1080/1356788960241 . ^ Rose, Richard (1996). "Yeltsin Faces the Electorate: Findings from Opinion Polling Data" (PDF) . Retrieved 2018-02-23 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck "Opinion Poll Data" . www.acs.brockport.edu . ACS Brockport. 1996. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007."Opinion Poll Data" . www.cs.ccsu.edu . CCSU. n.d. Retrieved January 2, 2018 .^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Hough, Jerry F.; Davidheiser, Evelyn; Lehmnn, Susan Goodrich (1996). The 1996 Russian Presidential Election ISBN 9780815705161 ^ a b "Russian Election Watch, February 9, 1996" . February 9, 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-01 .^ [14] ^ a b c d e f "Russian Election Watch, April 8, 1996" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. April 8, 1996. Retrieved February 20, 2018 ."Russian Election Watch, April 8, 1996" . April 8, 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-02 .^ [15] ^ [16] ^ Phillips, Richard (February 21, 1996). "Yeltsin Trails Communists In Election Poll" . www.chicagotribune.com . Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 21, 2018 . ^ a b c "Russian Election Watch, March 7, 1996" . March 7, 1996. Archived from the original on January 29, 2000. Retrieved 2018-01-01 .^ [17] ^ a b c d e f "Poll: Yeltsin gains support in Russian electorate" . www.cnn.com . CNN. June 1, 1996. Retrieved January 1, 2017 .^ [18] ^ a b c d "База данных ФОМ > Категории" .^ "База данных ФОМ > В предвыборном марафоне по-прежнему лидируют Борис Ельцин и Геннадий Зюганов" .^ a b c d "База данных ФОМ > В середине апреля рейтинги Ельцина и Зюганова сравнялись" .^ "Yeltsin Gains In Opinion Poll" . www.chicagotribune.com . Chicago Tribune. April 5, 1996. Retrieved February 22, 2018 .^ a b c "База данных ФОМ > Рейтинги кандидатов в президенты к концу апреля стабилизировались" .^ [19] ^ [20] ^ a b "Russian Election Watch, April 18, 1996" . April 18, 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-02 .^ a b c d "Russian Election Watch, May 9, 1996" . May 9, 1996. Archived from the original on 2001-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-02 .^ Phillips, Hugh (n.d.). "OP #273 LEAVING THE PAST BEHIND: THE RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 1996" (PDF) . www.wilsoncenter.org . Wilson Center. Retrieved February 21, 2018 . ^ Orttung, Robert (May 6, 1996). "POLLS SHOW YELTSIN, ZYUGANOV RUNNING NECK AND NECK.(Newsline - May 6, 1996)" . www.rferl.org . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved February 21, 2018 . ^ a b c d http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/RP96-70/RP96-70.pdf ^ a b c d e Vciom Moskau, Russland (1999). "Monitoring Russia 1996" . GESIS Data Archive. doi :10.4232/1.3176 . ^ a b "Russian Election Watch, June 12, 1996" . June 12, 1996. Archived from the original on 2001-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-08 .^ [21] ^ Laurenzo, Ron (June 7, 1996). "Reformers see Yeltsin as 'last resort' " . www.upi.com . UPI. Retrieved February 22, 2018 . ^ McNally, Steve (May 31, 1996). "Russia tries to 'rock' the youth vote" . www.cnn.com . CNN. Retrieved February 22, 2018 . ^ a b "Yeltsin condemns subway bombing" . www.newspapers.com . Chicago Tribune. June 13, 1996. Retrieved January 13, 2018 .^ a b c "Newsline - June 13, 1996" . www.rferl.org . RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. June 13, 1996. Retrieved January 13, 2018 .^ a b c [22] ^ [23] ^ "Archived copy" . www.cnn.com . Archived from the original on 23 August 2000. Retrieved 15 January 2022 .CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link ) ^ [24] ^ [25] ^ a b [26] ^ a b [27] ^ [28] ^ [29] ^ a b c d e f g "Russian Presidential Election, Recent Polling Results on the Presidential Election" . 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-28. Retrieved 2018-01-02 .^ Hockstader, Lee (May 14, 1996). "AFTER TRAILING BADLY, YELTSIN TAKES LEAD IN RUSSIAN POLLS" . Washington Post . Retrieved January 13, 2018 . ^ "Archived copy" . www.cnn.com . Archived from the original on 23 August 2000. Retrieved 15 January 2022 .CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link ) ^ "Archived copy" . www.cnn.com . Archived from the original on 8 February 2001. Retrieved 15 January 2022 .CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link ) ^ [30] ^ [31] ^ a b [32] ^ [33] ^ [34] ^ [35] ^ [36] ^ [37] ^ [38] ^ [39] ^ [40] ^ "Если бы в последнем туре президентских выборов кандидатами остались Ельцин и Руцкой, то за первого проголосовал бы каждый четвертый, а за второго – каждый пятый опрошенный" . www.bd.fom.ru (in Russian). FOM. July 8, 1994.^ [41] ^ [42] ^ Miller, William L; White, Stephen; Heywood, Paul (1996). "Review: Twenty-Five Days to go: Measuring and Interpreting the Trends in Public Opinion During the 1993 Russian Election Campaign". The Public Opinion Quarterly . 60 (1): 106–127. doi :10.1086/297741 . JSTOR 2749500 . ^ [43] ^ [44] ^ [45] ^ [46] ^ [47] ^ "Russian Election Watch No. 7, August 4, 1995" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. August 4, 1995. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .^ "Russian Election Watch, May 15, 1996" . May 15, 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-27. Retrieved 2018-01-03 .
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