Polyneoptera
(Redirected from )
Polyneoptera | |
---|---|
Some representatives | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Subclass: | Pterygota |
Branch: | Metapterygota |
Infraclass: | Neoptera |
Cohort: | Polyneoptera Martynov, 1938 |
Synonyms | |
|
The cohort Polyneoptera[1][2] is a proposed taxonomic ranking for the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.) and all other Neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders. These winged insects, now in the Paraneoptera, were formerly grouped as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no metamorphosis, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages.[3]
Superorders and orders[]
The Polyneoptera Species File lists the following:[4]
Superorder Dictyoptera[]
- Blattodea – cockroaches and termites
- Mantodea – praying mantises
Superorder Orthopterida[]
Synonyms include: Archaeorthoptera, Gryllidea, Orthopterodea, Orthopterodida, Orthopteroidea, Panorthoptera
- †Caloneurodea
- †
- Orthoptera – 2 extant suborders:
- Caelifera – grasshoppers, groundhoppers, pygmy mole-crickets
- Ensifera – crickets, mole-crickets, katydids or bush crickets, camel crickets, wetas, etc.
- †Titanoptera – from the Triassic period
- order Incertae sedis
- family † Handlirsch, 1911
- family †Chresmodidae Haase, 1890
- family † Béthoux, Nel, Lapeyrie & Gand, 2003
- family † Brongniart, 1885
- genus † Liu, Ren & Prokop, 2009
- genus † Béthoux, 2005
- genus † Béthoux, 2005
- genus † Prokop & Ren, 2007
Superorder † (synonym Plecopteroidea)[]
- †
Superorder []
- Dermaptera – earwigs
Stem-Phasmatodea[]
- †family Sharov 1968
- †family Vishnyakova 1980
- †family Tillyard 1918
- † family Sharov 1968
- † family Martynov, 1928
- Phasmatodea – stick and leaf insects
Superorder not placed[]
- Embioptera – web-spinners
- †
- Notoptera – redefined in 2006 to include Grylloblattidae (ice-crawlers) and Mantophasmatidae (gladiators)
- Plecoptera – stone-flies
- †Protorthoptera
- Zoraptera – angel insects
References[]
- ^ Martynov, AV (1938). "Studies on the geological history and phylogeny of the orders of insects (Pterygota)". Tr. Paleont. Inst. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 7 (4): 70.
- ^ Delclos; Nel; Azar; Bechly; Dunlop; Engel; Heads (2008). "The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 247 (3): 353–381. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0353.
- ^ Entomology Endopterygota. Royal Entomological Society. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ Polyneoptera, Species File (Version 5.0/5.0; retrieved 5 September 2020)
External links[]
- Media related to Polyneoptera at Wikimedia Commons
Categories:
- Insects by classification