Outline of Syria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also: Index of Syria-related articles
The Flag of Syria
The Coat of arms of Ba'athist Syria
The Flag of the Syrian National Coalition
The Official Seal of the Syrian National Coalition
The location of Syria
An enlargeable map of the Syrian Arab Republic

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Syria:

Syria – country in Western Asia, that borders Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. Civilization in Syria was one of the most ancient on earth. Syria is part of the Fertile Crescent, and from approximately 10,000 BCE it was one of the centers of Neolithic culture where agriculture and cattle breeding appeared for the first time in the world. Over the millennia, Syria has been conquered and settled by many different peoples. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Syriacs, Assyrians, Kurds, Circassians, Armenians, Druze, Alawite, Christians, Shias and Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the population. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government. The opposition Syrian National Coalition selected Ghassan Hitto as prime minister of a rival provisional government on March 19, 2013 after being invited to do so by several foreign governments and the Arab League.[1]

General reference[]

An enlargeable relief map of Syria
  • Pronunciation:
  • Common English country name: Syria
  • Official English country name: The Syrian Arab Republic
  • Common endonym(s): List of countries and capitals in native languages
  • Official endonym(s): List of official endonyms of present-day nations and states
  • Adjectival(s): Syrian
  • Demonym(s):
  • Etymology: Name of Syria
  • International rankings of Syria
  • ISO country codes: SY, SYR, 760
  • ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:SY
  • Internet country code top-level domain: .sy

Geography of Syria[]

An enlargeable topographic map of Syria

Geography of Syria

  • Syria is: a country
  • Location:
    • Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
    • Eurasia
      • Asia
        • Western Asia
          • Southwest Asia
    • Middle East
      • Levant
    • Time in Syria
    • Extreme points of Syria
      • High: Jabal el-Sheikh 2,814 m (9,232 ft)
      • Low: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
    • Land boundaries: 2,253 km
 Turkey 822 km
 Iraq 605 km
 Jordan 375 km
 Lebanon 375 km
 Israel 76 km
  • Coastline: Mediterranean Sea 193 km
  • Population of Syria: 19,929,000 - 54th most populous country
  • : 185180 km2
  • Atlas of Syria

Environment of Syria[]

Environment of Syria

Natural geographic features of Syria[]

Regions of Syria[]

Ecoregions of Syria[]

List of ecoregions in Syria

Administrative divisions of Syria[]

Administrative divisions of Syria

Provinces of Syria[]

Governorates of Syria

  • Al-Hasakah
  • Aleppo
  • Damascus
  • Daraa
  • Deir ez-Zor
  • Hama
  • Homs
  • Idlib
  • Latakia
  • Quneitra
  • Raqqa
  • Rif Dimashq
  • As-Suwayda
  • Tartus
Districts of Syria[]

Districts of Syria

Municipalities of Syria[]

Demography of Syria[]

Demographics of Syria

Government and politics of Syria[]

Politics of Syria

Branches of the government of Syria[]

Government of Syria

Executive branch of the government of Syria[]

Legislative branch of the government of Syria[]

Judicial branch of the government of Syria[]

Court system of Syria Judiciary of Syria

  • High Judicial Council
  • Court system of Syria
    • Court of Cassation of Syria
    • High Constitutional Court of Syria
    • Civil and criminal courts of Syria
    • Military courts of Syria
    • Security courts of Syria
  • Supreme Court of Syria

Foreign relations of Syria[]

Foreign relations of Syria

International organization membership[]

International organization membership of Syria The Syrian Arab Republic is a member of:[2]

Syria is one of only 7 U.N. members which is not a member of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

Law and order in Syria[]

Military of Syria[]

Military of Syria

Local government in Syria[]

History of Syria[]

Main articles: History of Syria, Timeline of Syrian history, and

History of Syria, by period[]

  • Syria during the Stone Age
    • Levantine corridor – relatively narrow land route of migrations between the Mediterranean Sea to the northwest and deserts to the southeast that connects Africa into Eurasia. It is believed that early hominids spread from Africa to Asia and Europe via the Horn of Africa and the Levantine corridor (named after the Levant, which includes Syria).
    • Cradle of civilization – term referring to locations identified as the sites of the emergence of civilization. In Western European and Middle Eastern cultures, it has frequently been applied to the Ancient Near Eastern Chalcolithic (Ubaid period, Naqada culture), especially in the Fertile Crescent (Levant and Mesopotamia).
      • Mesopotamia – area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, corresponding to modern-day Iraq, the northeastern section of Syria and to a lesser extent southeastern Turkey and smaller parts of southwestern Iran. Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization in the West.
    • Natufian culture – Epipaleolithic culture that existed from 13,000 to 9,800 years ago in the Levant. It was unusual in that it was sedentary, or semi-sedentary, before the introduction of agriculture.
      • Tell Abu Hureyra – archaeological site located in the Euphrates valley in modern Syria. The remains of the villages within the tell come from over 4,000 years of habitation, spanning the Epipaleolithic and Neolithic periods. The inhabitants of Abu Hureyra started out as hunter-gatherers but gradually transitioned to farming, making them the earliest known farmers in the world.
    • Tell Aswad – large prehistoric, Neolithic Tell, about 5 hectares (540,000 sq ft) in size, located around 48 kilometres (30 mi) from Damascus in Syria.
    • Tell Ramad – prehistoric, Neolithic tell at the foot of Mount Hermon, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Damascus in Syria. The tell was the site of a small village of 2 hectares (220,000 sq ft), which was first settled in the late 8th millennium BC.
    • Halaf culture –
      • Tell Halaf –
  • Syria during the Bronze Age
    • Canaanites –
    • Amorites –
    • Eblaites (Ebla city-state) –
    • Ugarites –
    • Akkadian Empire –
    • Arameans – Northwest Semitic semi-nomadic and pastoralist people who originated in what is now modern Syria (Biblical Aram) during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
    • Bronze Age collapse – sudden and culturally disruptive transition in the Aegean Region, Southwestern Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, during which the palace economy characterising the Late Bronze Age was replaced by the isolated village cultures of the Greek Dark Ages. Prior to and during the Bronze Age Collapse, Syria became a battle ground between the empires of the Hittites, Assyrians, Mitanni and Egyptians, and the coastal regions came under attack from the Sea Peoples. From the 13th Century BCE the Arameans came to prominence in Syria, and the region outside of the Phoenician coastal areas eventually became Aramaic speaking.
  • Syro-Hittite states –
  • Phoenicia –
  • Achaemenid Empire –
  • Seleucid Empire –
  • Syria (Roman province) –
  • Palmyrene Empire
    • Palmyra –
  • Syria in the Middle Ages
    • Byzantine Syria –
    • Muslim conquest of the Levant –
      • Rashidun Caliphate –
      • Umayyad Caliphate –
        • Bilad al-Sham –
      • Great Seljuq Empire –
      • Ayyubid dynasty
      • Mongol invasions of Syria – starting in the 1240s, the Mongols made repeated invasions of Syria or attempts thereof. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300, capturing Aleppo and Damascus and destroying the Ayyubid dynasty.
      • County of Edessa –
      • Principality of Antioch –
      • Ilkhanate –
      • Mamluk Sultanate –
  • Early modern period
  • Modern history of Syria

History of Syria, by region[]

History of Syria, by subject[]

Culture of Syria[]

Culture of Syria

Art in Syria[]

People of Syria[]

People of Syria

Religion in Syria[]

Religion in Syria

Sports in Syria[]

Economy and infrastructure of Syria[]

Economy of Syria

Education in Syria[]

Education in Syria

Health in Syria[]

Health in Syria

See also[]

Syria

References[]

  1. ^ "Arab foreign ministers offer Syrian opposition coalition country's Arab League seat". Associated Press. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  2. ^ "Syria". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  3. ^ "Arab Federation for Engineering Industries".

External links[]

Wikimedia Atlas of Syria

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