Overview of and topical guide to birds
House sparrow ,
Passer domesticus
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to birds:
Birds (class Aves ) – winged , bipedal , endothermic (warm-blooded ), egg-laying , vertebrate animals. There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most varied of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic, to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) ostrich .
What type of thing is a bird [ ]
A bird can be described as all of the following:
Life form – entity or being that is living or alive.
Animal – multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their lives. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently.
Biological classification [ ]
Cladogram showing the most recent classification of Neoaves, based on several phylogenetic studies
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Nature of birds [ ]
Bird
Bird anatomy [ ]
External anatomy (topography) of a typical bird: 1 Beak, 2 Head, 3 Iris, 4 Pupil, 5 Mantle, 6 Lesser coverts, 7 Scapulars, 8 Coverts, 9 Tertials, 10
Rump , 11 Primaries, 12 Vent, 13 Thigh, 14 Tibio-tarsal articulation, 15 Tarsus, 16 Feet, 17 Tibia, 18 Belly, 19 Flanks, 20 Breast, 21 Throat, 22
Wattle , 23 Eyestripe
Bird anatomy
Bird behavior [ ]
Bird behavior
Bird colony
Feeding
Flight
Flightless birds
Flocking
Migration
Abnormal behaviour of birds in captivity
Aggression
Anting (bird activity)
Begging behavior in birds
Distraction display
Dust bathing
Feather-plucking
Fecal sac
Intelligence
Mobbing
Moult
Preening
Reproduction
Avian incubation
Bird-nesting
Brood parasite
Clutch (eggs)
Egg
Egg tossing
Fledgling
Homosexual behavior in birds
List of birds displaying homosexual behavior
Sexual behaviour
Nest
Altricial
Nest box
Precocial
Siblicide
Roosting
Tracks
Vocalization
Types of birds [ ]
Orders [ ]
show Order : Accipitriformes
Family
Sagittariidae (secretarybird )
Pandionidae (osprey )
Accipitridae (buzzards, eagles, harriers, hawks, kites, and Old World vultures )
Cathartidae (New World vultures )
show Flamingos (order : Phoenicopteriformes · family : Phoenicopteridae )
Genus
Greater flamingo
Lesser flamingo
Chilean flamingo
James's flamingo
Andean flamingo
American flamingo (Caribbean flamingo)
show Grebes (order : Podicipediformes · family : Podicipedidae)
Genus Species
Tachybaptus
Little grebe
Tricolored grebe
Australasian grebe
Madagascar grebe
Alaotra grebe
Least grebe
Podilymbus Rollandia
White-tufted grebe
Titicaca flightless grebe
Poliocephalus
Hoary-headed grebe
New Zealand grebe
Podiceps Aechmophorus
show Loons or divers
Species
Black-throated loon (Arctic loon or black-throated diver)
Common loon (great northern diver)
Pacific loon (Pacific diver)
Red-throated loon (red-throated diver)
Yellow-billed loon (white-billed diver)
show Genus Colius
Speckled mousebird
White-headed mousebird
Red-backed mousebird
White-backed mousebird
Urocolius
Blue-naped mousebird
Red-faced mousebird
hide Order : Pelecaniformes
show Pelicans (
family : Pelecanidae ·
genus :
Pelecanus )
Genus Pelecanus
Brown pelican
Peruvian pelican
American white pelican
Great white pelican
Dalmatian pelican
Pink-backed pelican
Spot-billed pelican
Australian pelican
show Shoebill (
family : Balaenicipitidae ·
genus :
Balaeniceps )
show Hamerkop (
family : Scopidae ·
genus :
Scopus )
show Penguins (order : Sphenisciformes · family : Spheniscidae · subfamily: Spheniscinae)
Genus Species
Aptenodytes (great penguins)
King penguin
Emperor penguin
Pygoscelis (brush-tailed penguins)Eudyptula (little penguins)
Little penguin (or little blue penguin)
White-flippered penguin (or northern little penguin)
Spheniscus (banded penguins)
Magellanic penguin
Humboldt penguin
Galapagos penguin
African penguin
Megadyptes Eudyptes (crested penguins)
show Order : Procellariiformes
Families
Diomedeidae (Albatrosses)
Procellariidae (Shearwaters and petrels)
Hydrobatidae (Northern storm petrels )
Oceanitidae (Austral storm petrels)
†Diomedeoididae (Diomedeoidids)
Related subjects
show Genus Syrrhaptes Pterocles
Pin-tailed sandgrouse
Namaqua sandgrouse
Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse
Spotted sandgrouse
Black-bellied sandgrouse
Crowned sandgrouse
Yellow-throated sandgrouse
Burchell's sandgrouse
Madagascar or masked sandgrouse
Black-faced sandgrouse
Lichtenstein's sandgrouse
Double-banded sandgrouse
Painted sandgrouse
Four-banded sandgrouse
show Tinamous (order : Tinamiformes · family : Tinamidae)
Subfamily
Tinaminae
Tinamus
White-throated tinamou
Grey tinamou
Solitary tinamou
Black tinamou
Great tinamou
Nothocercus
Highland tinamou
Tawny-breasted tinamou
Hooded tinamou
Crypturellus
Berlepsch's tinamou
Little tinamou
Cinereous tinamou
Tepui tinamou
Brown tinamou
Undulated tinamou
Pale-browed tinamou
Brazilian tinamou
Grey-legged tinamou
Red-legged tinamou
Magdalena tinamou
Santa Marta tinamou
Colombian tinamou
Yellow-legged tinamou
Black-capped tinamou
Thicket tinamou
Slaty-breasted tinamou
Choco tinamou
Variegated tinamou
Rusty tinamou
Bartlett's tinamou
Small-billed tinamou
Barred tinamou
Tataupa tinamou
Nothurinae
Rhynchotus
Red-winged tinamou
Huayco tinamou
Taczanowski's tinamou
Ornate tinamou
Chilean tinamou
Brushland tinamou
Andean tinamou
Curve-billed tinamou
Nothura
White-bellied nothura
Lesser nothura
Darwin's nothura
Spotted nothura
Dwarf or least tinamou
Eudromia
Elegant crested tinamou
Quebracho crested tinamou
Tinamotis
Puna or Pentland's tinamou
Patagonian or Ingouf's tinamou
show Species
Red-billed tropicbird
Red-tailed tropicbird
White-tailed tropicbird
Families [ ]
show Bee-eaters (family : Meropidae)
Genus Species
Nyctyornis
Red-bearded bee-eater
Blue-bearded bee-eater
Meropogon Merops
Little bee-eater
Blue-cheeked bee-eater
Asian green bee-eater
African green bee-eater
Arabian green bee-eater
White-throated bee-eater
Swallow-tailed bee-eater
Blue-tailed bee-eater
Black bee-eater
Blue-headed bee-eater
Red-throated bee-eater
White-fronted bee-eater
Blue-breasted bee-eater
Cinnamon-chested bee-eater
Black-headed bee-eater
Somali bee-eater
Böhm's bee-eater
Blue-throated bee-eater
Olive bee-eater
Rainbow bee-eater
European bee-eater
Chestnut-headed bee-eater
Rosy bee-eater
Northern carmine bee-eater
Southern carmine bee-eater
show Birds-of-paradise (family : Paradisaeidae)
show
Genus
Lycocorax
Halmahera paradise-crow
Obi paradise-crow
Manucodia
Glossy-mantled manucode
Jobi manucode
Crinkle-collared manucode
Curl-crested manucode
Trumpet manucode
Paradigalla
Long-tailed paradigalla
Short-tailed paradigalla
Astrapia Parotia Pteridophora
King of Saxony bird-of-paradise
Lophorina
Greater lophorina
Crescent-caped lophorina
Lesser lophorina
Ptiloris Epimachus
Black sicklebill
Brown sicklebill
Drepanornis
Black-billed sicklebill
Pale-billed sicklebill
Cicinnurus Semioptera Seleucidis
Twelve-wired bird-of-paradise
Paradisaea
Lesser bird-of-paradise
Greater bird-of-paradise
Raggiana bird-of-paradise
Goldie's bird-of-paradise
Red bird-of-paradise
Emperor bird-of-paradise
Blue bird-of-paradise
show Cockatoos (family : Cacatuidae )
Appearance
Small
Nymphicus
Cockatiel
Cockatiel colour genetics
Black
Probosciger Calyptorhynchus
Red-tailed black cockatoo
Glossy black cockatoo
Zanda
Pink or grey
Callocephalon Eolophus
Galah (or rose-breasted cockatoo)
Lophochroa
White
Cacatua
Cacatua (subgenus)
Yellow-crested cockatoo (or lesser sulphur-crested cockatoo)
Sulphur-crested cockatoo
Blue-eyed cockatoo
White cockatoo (or umbrella cockatoo)
Salmon-crested cockatoo (or Moluccan cockatoo)
Licmetis (subgenus)
Long-billed corella
Western corella
Little corella
Tanimbar corella (or Goffin's cockatoo)
Solomons cockatoo
Red-vented cockatoo
show Extant species of family Corvidae
show Family Corvidae
Choughs
Pyrrhocorax
Alpine chough (P. graculus )
Red-billed chough (P. pyrrhocorax )
Treepies
Crypsirina Dendrocitta
Andaman treepie (D. bayleyi )
Bornean treepie (D. cinerascens )
Grey treepie (D. formosae )
Black-faced treepie (D. frontalis )
White-bellied treepie (D. leucogastra )
Sumatran treepie (D. occipitalis )
Rufous treepie (D. vagabunda )
Platysmurus
Malayan black magpie (P. leucopterus )
Bornean black magpie (P. aterrimus )
Temnurus
Ratchet-tailed treepie (T. temnurus )
Orientalmagpies
Cissa
Common green magpie (C. chinensis )
Indochinese green magpie (C. hypoleuca )
Bornean green magpie (C. jefferyi )
Javan green magpie (C. thalassina )
Urocissa
Taiwan blue magpie (U. caerulea )
Red-billed blue magpie (U. erythrorhyncha )
Yellow-billed blue magpie (U. flavirostris )
Sri Lanka blue magpie (U. ornata )
White-winged magpie (U. whiteheadi )
Old World jays
Garrulus Podoces (Ground jays) Ptilostomus
Stresemann's bushcrow
show Family Corvidae (continued)
Nutcrackers
Holarcticmagpies
Pica
Black-billed magpie (P. hudsonia )
Yellow-billed magpie (P. nuttalli )
Eurasian magpie (P. pica )
Oriental magpie (P. sericea )
Maghreb magpie (P. mauritanica )
Asir magpie (P. asirensis )
Black-rumped magpie (P. bottanensis )
True crows
Corvus
Australian and Melanesian species
Little crow (C. bennetti )
Australian raven (C. coronoides )
Bismarck crow (C. insularis )
Brown-headed crow (C. fuscicapillus )
Bougainville crow (C. meeki )
Little raven (C. mellori )
New Caledonian crow (C. moneduloides )
Torresian crow (C. orru )
Forest raven (C. tasmanicus )
Grey crow (C. tristis )
Long-billed crow (C. validus )
White-billed crow (C. woodfordi )
Pacific island species
Hawaiian crow (C. hawaiiensis )
Mariana crow (C. kubaryi )
Tropical Asian species
Slender-billed crow (C. enca )
Small crow (C. samarensis )
Palawan crow (C. pusillus )
Flores crow (C. florensis )
Large-billed crow (C. macrorhynchos )
Eastern jungle crow (C. levaillantii )
Indian jungle crow (C. culminatus )
House crow (C. splendens )
Collared crow (C. torquatus )
Piping crow (C. typicus )
Banggai crow (C. unicolor )
Violet crow (C. violaceus )
Eurasian and North African species
Mesopotamian crow (C. capellanus )
Hooded crow (C. cornix )
Carrion crow (C. corone )
Rook (C. frugilegus )
Eastern carrion crow (C. orientalis )
Fan-tailed raven (C. rhipidurus )
Brown-necked raven (C. ruficollis )
Holarctic species
Common raven (C. corax )
North and Central American species
American crow (C. brachyrhynchos )
Northwestern crow (C. caurinus )
Chihuahuan raven (C. cryptoleucus )
Tamaulipas crow (C. imparatus )
Jamaican crow (C. jamaicensis )
White-necked crow (C. leucognaphalus )
Cuban crow (C. nasicus )
Fish crow (C. ossifragus )
Palm crow (C. palmarum )
Sinaloan crow (C. sinaloae )
Tropical African species
White-necked raven (C. albicollis )
Pied crow (C. albus )
Cape crow (C. capensis )
Thick-billed raven (C. crassirostris )
Somali crow (C. edithae )
Jackdaws
show Family Corvidae (continued)
Azure-winged magpies
Grey jays
Perisoreus
Canada jay (P. canadensis )
Siberian jay (P. infaustus )
Sichuan jay (P. internigrans )
New World jays
Aphelocoma (Scrub jays)
California scrub jay (A. californica )
Island scrub jay (A. insularis )
Woodhouse's scrub jay (A. woodhouseii )
Florida scrub jay (A. coerulescens )
Transvolcanic jay (A. ultramarina )
Unicolored jay (A. unicolor )
Mexican jay (A. wollweberi )
Calocitta (Magpie-Jays)
Black-throated magpie-jay (C. colliei )
White-throated Magpie-jay (C. formosa )
Cyanocitta Cyanocorax
Black-chested jay (C. affinis )
Purplish-backed jay (C. beecheii )
Azure jay (C. caeruleus )
Cayenne jay (C. cayanus )
Plush-crested jay (C. chrysops )
Curl-crested jay (C. cristatellus )
Purplish jay (C. cyanomelas )
White-naped jay (C. cyanopogon )
Tufted jay (C. dickeyi )
Azure-naped jay (C. heilprini )
Bushy-crested jay (C. melanocyaneus )
Brown jay (C. morio )
White-tailed jay (C. mystacalis )
San Blas jay (C. sanblasianus )
Violaceous jay (C. violaceus )
Green jay (C. ynca )
Yucatan jay (C. yucatanicus )
Cyanolyca Gymnorhinus
show Cranes (order : Gruiformes · family : Gruidae )
Subfamily
Balearicinae (crowned cranes)
Gruinae (typical cranes)
Leucogeranus
Siberian crane (L. leucogeranus )
Antigone
Sandhill crane (A. canadensis )
White-naped crane (A. vipio )
Sarus crane (A. antigone )
Brolga (A. rubicunda )
Grus
Wattled crane (G. carunculata )
Blue crane (G. paradisea )
Demoiselle crane (G. virgo )
Red-crowned crane (G. japonensis )
Whooping crane (G. americana )
Common crane or Eurasian crane (G. grus )
Hooded crane (G. monacha )
Black-necked crane (G. nigricollis )
15 living species in four genera
show New World vultures (family : Cathartidae )
Genus Coragyps Cathartes
Turkey vulture
Lesser yellow-headed vulture
Greater yellow-headed vulture
Gymnogyps Vultur Sarcoramphus
show New Zealand wattlebirds (family : Callaeidae )
Genus
Callaeas Philesturnus Heteralocha
Deforestation in New Zealand
Invasive species in New Zealand
Biodiversity of New Zealand
Birds of New Zealand
show Gulls (family : Laridae)
Genus
Species († indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
Larus
Pacific gull
Belcher's gull
Olrog's gull
Black-tailed gull
Heermann's gull
Common gull
Short-billed gull
Ring-billed gull
California gull
Great black-backed gull
Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
Glaucous-winged gull
Western gull
Yellow-footed gull
Glaucous gull
Iceland gull
European herring gull
American herring gull
Yellow-legged gull
Caspian gull
Vega gull (or East Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
Armenian gull
Slaty-backed gull
Lesser black-backed gull
Ichthyaetus
White-eyed gull
Sooty gull
Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
Audouin's gull
Mediterranean gull
Relict gull
Leucophaeus Chroicocephalus
Silver gull
Red-billed gull
Huahine gull †
Hartlaub's gull
Brown-hooded gull
Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
Andean gull
Black-billed gull
Brown-headed gull
Black-headed gull
Slender-billed gull
Bonaparte's gull
Saunders's gull
Hydrocoloeus Rhodostethia Rissa
Black-legged kittiwake
Red-legged kittiwake
Pagophila Xema Creagrus
show Family
Genus
Species (extinctions: † indicates a species confirmed to be extinct; ₴ indicates evidence only from sub-fossils)
Nestoridae
Strigopidae
Strigops
Kakapo (supporting pages: List of kakapo
Sirocco (parrot) )
show Old World sparrows (family : Passeridae)
Genus Species
Hypocryptadius Passer
Saxaul sparrow
House sparrow
Spanish sparrow
Italian sparrow
Sind sparrow
Somali sparrow
Russet sparrow or cinnamon sparrow
Plain-backed sparrow or Pegu sparrow
Dead Sea sparrow
Great sparrow
Socotra sparrow
Abd al-Kuri sparrow
Kenya sparrow
Kordofan sparrow
Shelley's sparrow
Iago sparrow
Cape sparrow
Northern grey-headed sparrow
Swainson's sparrow
Parrot-billed sparrow
Swahili sparrow
Southern grey-headed sparrow
Desert sparrow
Zarudny's sparrow
Eurasian tree sparrow
Sudan golden sparrow
Arabian golden sparrow
Chestnut sparrow
Passer predomesticus
Carpospiza Petronia Gymnoris Montifringilla Onychostruthus Pyrgilauda
hide Swallows (family : Hirundinidae)
show River martins (subfamily: Pseudochelidoninae · genus: Pseudochelidon )
Genus
Pseudochelidon
African river martin
White-eyed river martin
show All other swallows and martins (subfamily: Hirundininae )
Genus
Psalidoprocne (saw-wings)
Square-tailed saw-wing
Mountain saw-wing
White-headed saw-wing
Black saw-wing
Fanti saw-wing
Pseudhirundo Cheramoeca Phedina Phedinopsis Riparia (sand martins)
Brown-throated sand martin
Congo sand martin
Sand martin
Pale martin
Neophedina Tachycineta (tree swallows)Progne Orochelidon
Brown-bellied swallow
Pale-footed swallow
Andean swallow
Atticora
White-banded swallow
Black-capped swallow
White-thighed swallow
Pygochelidon
Blue-and-white swallow
Black-collared swallow
Stelgidopteryx
Northern rough-winged swallow
Southern rough-winged swallow
Alopochelidon Hirundo (barn swallows)Ptyonoprogne (crag martins)
Eurasian crag martin
Rock martin
Dusky crag martin
Pale crag martin
Delichon (house martins)
Common house martin
Asian house martin
Nepal house martin
Siberian house martin
Cecropis
Greater striped swallow
Lesser striped swallow
Rufous-chested swallow
Mosque swallow
Red-rumped swallow
Sri Lanka swallow
West African swallow
Striated swallow
Striated swallow
Petrochelidon Cheramoeca
show Trogons (order : Trogoniformes · family : Trogonidae)
Genus Species
Apaloderma Apalharpactes
Javan trogon
Sumatran trogon
Harpactes Priotelus Trogon Euptilotis Pharomachrus
show Vangas (order : Passeriformes · family : Vangidae)
Genus Calicalicus
Red-tailed vanga
Red-shouldered vanga
Schetba Vanga Xenopirostris Falculea Artamella Leptopterus Cyanolanius
Blue vanga (including Comoro blue vanga)
Oriolia Euryceros Tylas Hypositta Newtonia Mystacornis Pseudobias
Subfamilies [ ]
show Old World vultures (subfamily : Aegypiinae )
Genus Species
Aegypius Gypaetus Gypohierax Gyps Necrosyrtes Neophron Sarcogyps Torgos Trigonoceps
show Subfamily : Buteoninae
Genus Species (extinctions: † indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
Geranoaetus Buteo
Common buzzard
Eastern buzzard
Himalayan buzzard
Cape Verde buzzard
Socotra buzzard
Red-tailed hawk
Long-legged buzzard
Rough-legged buzzard
Ferruginous hawk
Red-shouldered hawk
Broad-winged hawk
Swainson's hawk
Ridgway's hawk
White-rumped hawk
Short-tailed hawk
White-throated hawk
Galapagos hawk
Gray hawk
Zone-tailed hawk
Hawaiian hawk
Rufous-tailed hawk
Mountain buzzard
Madagascar buzzard
Upland buzzard
Red-necked buzzard
Jackal buzzard
Archer's buzzard
Augur buzzard
Rupornis Parabuteo Buteogallus
Rufous crab hawk
Common black hawk
Cuban black hawk
Great black hawk
Savanna hawk
Busarellus Leucopternis
White-browed hawk
White-necked hawk
Black-faced hawk
Plumbeous hawk
Barred hawk
Slate-colored hawk
Semiplumbeous hawk
Pseudastur Kaupifalco Butastur
Rufous-winged buzzard
Grasshopper buzzard
White-eyed buzzard
Grey-faced buzzard
Harpyhaliaetus
Chaco eagle
Solitary eagle
Genera [ ]
History of birds [ ]
Bird evolution
Origin of birds
Origin of avian flight
Archaeopteryx
Extinct birds
Study of birds [ ]
Main article: Ornithology
Main category: Ornithological organizations
Aviculture [ ]
Aviculture
Bird diseases and parasites [ ]
Main category: Bird diseases
Threats and conservation [ ]
Avicide
Bird conservation
Bird sanctuary
Bird conservation groups
Bird Protection Quebec
BirdLife International
Fundación ProAves
National Audubon Society
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
Important bird areas
Bird control
Bird strike
Towerkill
Persons influential in the field of birds [ ]
Artists [ ]
Main category: Bird artists
Lars Jonsson
David Allen Sibley
Ornithologists [ ]
List of ornithologists
John Gould
James Clements
James Audubon
Chris Mead
Killian Mullarney
Roger Tory Peterson
Pamela C. Rasmussen
Alexander Skutch
David Snow
Alexander Wilson
Writers [ ]
Birds in culture [ ]
See also [ ]
Birds portal
Dinosaur
Outline of dinosaurs
References [ ]
External links [ ]
show Wikipedia Outlines
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