Outline of computer programming

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer programming:

Computer programming – process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding^[1]^[2]) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more programming languages. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem.

History[]

History of computer science
History of computing hardware
- History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
History of programming languages
- Timeline of programming languages
Computer programming in the punched card era
Operating systems timeline

Platforms[]

Computer
Computer hardware
- Analog computer
  - Analytical Engine
- Digital computer
  - Vacuum tube computer
    - List of vacuum tube computers
  - Transistor computer
    - List of transistorized computers
  - Mainframe
  - Minicomputer
  - Microcomputer
    - Home computers
    - IBM PC compatible
    - Personal computer
      - Desktop computer
      - Laptop computer
  - Mobile computer
    - Personal digital assistant (PDA)
    - Smartphone
    - Tablet computer
    - Wearable computer
  - Server
  - Supercomputer
Virtual machine
- Hardware virtualization
- Runtime system

Paradigms[]

Agent-oriented
Aspect-oriented
Automata-based
Data-driven
Declarative (as opposed to imperative programming)
- Constraint
  - Constraint logic
    - Concurrent constraint logic
- Dataflow
  - Flow-based (FBP)
  - Reactive
- Functional
  - Functional logic
  - Purely functional
- Logic
Event-driven
- Time-driven
Expression-oriented
Feature-oriented
Function-level (as opposed to value-level programming)
Generic
Imperative (as opposed to declarative programming)
- Literate
- Procedural
Inductive programming
Language-oriented (LOP)
- Natural language programming
- Intentional
Non-structured (as opposed to Structured)
- Array
Nondeterministic
Process-oriented
Role-oriented
(SOP)
Structured (as opposed to non-structured programming)
- Block-structured
- Modular
  - Concurrent computing
    - Relativistic programming
- Object-oriented (OOP)
Tacit
Value-level (as opposed to function-level programming)
Probabilistic
Concept

Writing programs[]

Pseudocode

Methodology[]

Array programming
End-user development
Metaprogramming
- Automatic programming
- Reflection
  - Attribute-oriented programming (AOP)
- Homoiconicity
- Template metaprogramming
  - Policy-based design
- Service-oriented architecture
  - Service-oriented modeling
Recursion
Separation of concerns
Threaded coding

Algorithms[]

List of algorithms
List of algorithm general topics
List of important_publications in theoretical computer science § Algorithms
Algorithm characterizations
- Introduction to Algorithms
Theory of computation
- Computational complexity theory
  - Analysis of algorithms
    - Empirical algorithmics
    - Big O notation
    - Algorithmic efficiency
- Algorithmic information theory
  - Algorithmic probability
  - Algorithmically random sequence
Search algorithm
Sorting algorithm
Merge algorithm
String algorithms
Greedy algorithm
Reduction
Sequential algorithm
Parallel algorithm
- Distributed algorithm
Deterministic algorithm
Randomized algorithm
Quantum algorithm

Programming languages[]

Programming language – formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.