Outline of whisky

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Whisky
A still house in a whiskey distillery - Wood engraving, late 19th century - Wellcome V0019351.jpg
A late 19th century whisky distillery
Alcohol by volumeat least 40%
IngredientsRye, Wheat, Barley, Corn, Malt, Peat, Oak, Water, Sugar maple
An old whisky still
Copper pot stills at Auchentoshan Distillery in Scotland
Malted barley is an ingredient of some whiskies.
Empty oak barrels waiting to be filled with whisky at the White and MacKay distillery in Invergordon
Spirit still at St George's whisky distillery in Norfolk
The Hiram Walker Distillery in Windsor, Ontario. Established in 1858, it is the oldest functioning distillery in the province.
Scotch whisky
Jasper Newton "Jack" Daniel
Glenfiddich Distillery stills
A charred oak barrel used to age whiskey
Inside Sullivans Cove distillery in Tasmania, Australia
Tennessee whiskey aging in charred new oak barrels at the Jack Daniel's distillery
Macallan Distillery production hall
Making charcoal at the Jack Daniel Distillery
Four Roses Distillery
Recently filled barrels of Woodford Reserve bourbon outside of the rickhouse, where they will be stacked and stored during the aging process
Jim Beam Distillery

Whisky or whiskey is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used in different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, generally made of charred white oak.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide. It encompasses many national expressions and variations. The typical unifying characteristics of the different expressions and variations are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.

The spelling whiskey is commonly used in Ireland and the United States, while whisky is used almost exclusively in other whisky-producing countries.[1]

National varieties[]

  • Australian whiskys are mainly produced using a very similar process to that of Scottish whisky, however the flavour of Australian whisky is subtly different.[2] Although the majority of whisky produced in Australia is in the Single Malt style there is more variation than what is found overseas, with no strict customs or traditions governing the styles produced. Multiple styles of whisky are produced in Australia, including single malt, rye, wheat and blended whisky.[3]
  • American whiskeys are distilled from a fermented mash of cereal grain. It must have the taste, aroma, and other characteristics commonly attributed to whisky. American whisky must be distilled to no more than 80% alcohol by volume, and barrelled at no more than 125 proof. Only water may be added to the final product; the addition of colouring or flavouring is prohibited. These whiskys must be aged in new charred-oak containers, except for corn whisky, which does not have to be aged. If it is aged, it must be in uncharred oak barrels or in used barrels. Corn whisky is usually unaged and sold as a legal version of moonshine.
  • Canadian whiskys are usually blended multi-grain whiskys containing a large percentage of corn spirits, and are typically lighter and smoother than other whisky styles.[4] When Canadian distillers began adding small amounts of highly-flavourful rye grain to their mashes, people began demanding this new rye-flavoured whisky, referring to it simply as "rye". Today, as for the past two centuries, the terms "rye whiskey" and "Canadian whisky" are used interchangeably in Canada.
  • English whisky is usually a single malt whisky.[5]
  • Finnish whisky
  • was first made by Georgian wine-maker, co-founder of "Askaneli Brothers", Jimsher Chkhaidze. JIMSHER whisky is made by traditional Scottish method and other Georgia whiskys have followed suit.
  • German whisky resemble those made in Ireland, Scotland and the United States: single malts, blends, wheat, and bourbon-like styles.
  • Indian whiskys are commonly blends based on neutral spirits that are distilled from fermented molasses /Grain with only a small portion consisting of traditional malt whisky, usually about 10 to 12 percent. Outside India, such a drink would more likely be labelled a rum.[6][7] According to the Scotch Whisky Association's 2013 annual report, "there is no compulsory definition of whisky in India, and the Indian voluntary standard does not require whisky to be distilled from cereals or to be matured."[8] Molasses-based blends make up 90 percent of the spirits consumed as "whisky" in India,[9]
  • Irish whiskey is whiskey made on the island of Ireland. The word 'whiskey' (or whisky) comes from the Irish (or 'Gaelic') uisce beatha, meaning water of life. Irish whiskey has a smoother finish as opposed to the smoky, earthy overtones common to Scotch whisky, in part due to peating.[10] Peat is rarely used in the malting process elsewhere. There are notable exceptions to these rules in both countries.
  • Mexican whiskys
  • Japanese whiskys are both single malt and blended whiskies. The base is a mash of malted barley, dried in kilns fired with a little peat (although less than what is used for some peated Scotch whiskies), and is distilled using the pot still method.[11][12]
  • Scotch whiskys (Scottish Gaelic: uisge-beatha na h-Alba; often simply called whisky or Scotch) is malt whisky or grain whisky (or a blend of the two), made in Scotland. It must be made in a manner specified by law.[13] There were 133 Scotch whisky distilleries operating in Scotland.[14]
  • Islay whisky is Scotch whisky made on Islay (/ˈaɪlə/ EYE-lə) or Ìle in Gaelic, one of the southernmost of the Inner Hebridean Islands located off the west coast of Scotland.
  • Single malt Scotchs must have been distilled at a single distillery using a pot still distillation process and made from a mash of malted barley.[15][16]
  • is a Scotch whisky distilled at a single distillery but, in addition to water and malted barley, may involve whole grains of other malted or unmalted cereals. "Single grain" does not mean that only a single type of grain was used to produce the whisky, but that it was distilled at a single distillery.[17]
  • Blended malt Scotch whisky

Types of whisky[]

  • Blended malt whisky is a mixture of single malt whiskies from different distilleries. If a whisky is labelled "pure malt" or just "malt" it is almost certainly a blended malt whisky. This was formerly called a "vatted malt" whisky.
  • Blended whiskey is made from a mixture of different types of whisky. A blend may contain whisky from many distilleries so that the blender can produce a flavour consistent with the brand.
  • Bourbon whiskey is made in the United States from mash that consists of at least 51% corn (maize) and aged in new charred oak barrels.
  • Buckwheat whisky is made entirely or principally from buckwheat.
  • Cask strength (also known as barrel proof) is bottled from the cask undiluted or only lightly diluted.
  • Corn whiskey is made from mash that consists of at least 80% corn and is not aged, or, if aged, is aged in uncharred or used barrels.
  • Grain whisky (or Light whisky) is made from any type of grain at more than 80% alcohol by volume and stored in used or uncharred new oak containers.
  • Malt whisky is made from mash that consists of at least 51% malted barley.
  • Rye malt whiskey is made from mash that consists of at least 51% .
  • Rye whiskey is made from mash that consists of at least 51% rye.
  • Single cask whiskey (also known as single barrel) are whiskies bottled from an individual cask.
  • Single malt whisky is whisky from a single distillery made from a mash that uses only one particular malted grain. Unless the whisky is described as single-cask, it contains whisky from many casks, and different years, so the blender can achieve a taste recognisable as typical of the distillery.
  • is a mixture of neutral spirits and at least 5% of certain stricter categories of whisky
  • Straight whiskey is distilled from a fermented (malted or unmalted) cereal grain mash to a concentration not exceeding 80% alcohol by volume (abv) and aged in new charred oak barrels for at least two years at a concentration not exceeding 62.5% at the start of the aging process.[18]
  • Tennessee whiskey is straight whiskey produced in the U.S. state of Tennessee and uses a filtering step known as the Lincoln County Process.
  • Wheat whiskey is made from mash that consists of at least 51% wheat.

Individuals related to whisky[]

Places related to whisky[]

See also: List of historic whisky distilleries

North American[]

  • George Washington's Distillery

Europe[]

  • The Old Bushmills Distillery is a distillery in Bushmills, County Antrim, Northern Ireland and is the oldest operating whiskey distillery. The company that originally built the distillery was formed in 1784, although the date 1608 is printed on the label of the brand – referring to an earlier date when a royal licence was granted to a local landowner to distil whiskey in the area.[19][20] After various periods of closure in its subsequent history, the distillery has been in continuous operation since it was rebuilt after a fire in 1885.
  • Scotland was traditionally divided into four regions: The Highlands, The Lowlands, The Isle of Islay, and Campbeltown with a Speyside more recently. The whisky-producing islands other than Islay are not recognised as a distinct region by the Scotch Whisky Association, which groups them into the Highlands region.[a][21]
  • Campbeltown, a small western coastal town, was once home to over 30 distilleries but now has only three in operation.[22]
  • The Islands, an unrecognised sub-region of the Highlands, includes all of the whisky-producing islands but excludes Islay.[23][24]
  • Islay /ˈaɪlə/: is produced on the island of Islay, Scotland.[25]
  • Lagavulin, and Laphroaig.[26][27]
  • The Highlands: The Highlands is by far the largest region in Scotland both in area and in whisky production. This massive area has over 30 distilleries on the mainland.
  • The Lowlands district covers much of the Central Belt and the South of Scotland including Edinburgh & The Lothians, Glasgow & The Clyde Valley, the Kingdom of Fife, Ayrshire, Dumfries & Galloway and the Scottish Borders.[28]
  • Speyside: Speyside gets its name from the River Spey, which cuts through this region and provides water to many of the distilleries.
  • Strathspey, Scotland

Events related to whisky[]

United States[]

Creating Whisky[]

Main article:

Ingredients[]

Chemistry[]

Processes[]

Equipment[]

Production[]

Distillers[]

Lists of distillers[]

Brands[]

Laws and regulations[]

Community[]

Events and tourism[]

Publications[]

Magazines[]

Books[]

Whisky Lists[]

See also:

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Although only five regions are specified, any Scottish locale may be used to describe a whisky if it is distilled entirely within that place; for example a single malt whisky distilled on Orkney could be described as Orkney Single Malt Scotch Whiskysfn

References[]

  1. ^ Zandona, Eric; et al. (March 2013). A World Guide to Whisk(e)y Distilleries. Hayward: White Mule Press. ISBN 978-0983638940.
  2. ^ Middleton, Chris (2011). "Australian Whisky: Whisky Phoenix Rises - a Short History of Australian Whisky Distillation". Chemistry in Australia. 78: 18–22.
  3. ^ "The rise of the craft Australian distilleries - Part 1". www.diffordsguide.com. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  4. ^ "What is Canadian Whisky?". whisky.com).
  5. ^ "What is English whisky?". Scotchwhisky.com. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  6. ^ "Where 'Whisky' Can Be Rum", from The Wall Street Journal, 26 August 2006. Retrieved 27 January 2012. (subscription required)
  7. ^ Peachey, Paul (3 March 2006). "Battle for the world's largest whisky market – India". South Africa Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 June 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  8. ^ "Scotch whisky makers threaten action against Indian blends". Business Standard. PTI. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  9. ^ "India stretches whisky market lead", Beverage Daily, 13 January 2004. Retrieved 25 June 2007
  10. ^ "The Difference Between Scotch and whisky". www.theirishplace.com.
  11. ^ "5 Things You Need To Know About Japanese Whisky". Time. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  12. ^ Staff, words: VinePair. "Japanese Whisky Guide | Learn About Japanese Whisky". VinePair. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  13. ^ "Scotch Whisky Regulations". Government of the United Kingdom.
  14. ^ "Facts & Figures". The Scotch Whisky Association. 1 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  15. ^ "How Single Malt Whisky Is Made - Whisky.com". www.whisky.com.
  16. ^ "Scotch Whisky FAQs". Scotch Whisky Association.
  17. ^ "How is Whisky Made?". 2 October 2019.
  18. ^ "Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, Title 27 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt. 5.22(1)(iii)" (PDF). Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  19. ^ Old Bushmills History (official website)
  20. ^ Alternative Whisky Academy
  21. ^ "Whisky Regions & Tours". Scotch Whisky Association. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  22. ^ "Campbeltown Whisky Distilleries – Map & Tours". VisitScotland.
  23. ^ "Scotch Whisky Regions". Scotch Whisky Association.
  24. ^ Powell, Tom (31 July 2018). "The beginner's guide to scotch whisky". Foodism.
  25. ^ "Islay Malt Whisky and Islay Whisky Distilleries Map". www.islayinfo.com. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  26. ^ "Islay Malt Whisky and Islay Whisky Distilleries Map". www.islayinfo.com.
  27. ^ "Islay Distilleries – Whisky Tours, Tastings & Map". VisitScotland.
  28. ^ "Lowland Whisky – Map & Distillery Tours Near Edinburgh & Glasgow". VisitScotland.

External links[]


* Whisky Category:Bourbon whiskey

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