PZL Mielec

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PZL Mielec
Formerly
  • WSK-Mielec
  • WSK "PZL-Mielec"
IndustryAerospace
Founded1939 (1939)
Headquarters,
Poland
Number of employees
1,600[1] (2021)
Parent
Websitepzlmielec.com.pl

Coordinates: 50°18′36″N 21°27′40″E / 50.31000°N 21.46111°E / 50.31000; 21.46111

PZL M-28B Bryza 1R of the Polish Navy, currently produced by PZL Mielec

PZL Mielec (Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze - Polish Aviation Works), formerly WSK-Mielec (Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego) and WSK "PZL-Mielec" is a Polish aerospace manufacturer based in Mielec. It is the largest aerospace manufacturer in postwar Poland. In 2007, it was acquired by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, which retained the brand. Between 1948 and 2014, the company manufactured approximately 15,600 aircraft.[2]

History[]

Before 1945[]

Between 1938 and 1939, a factory was built in Mielec, designated PZL WP-2 (Wytwórnia Płatowców 2Airframe Factory no. 2), which was a division of PZL in Warsaw (Państwowe Zakłady LotniczeState Aviation Works), the biggest Polish aviation works, but production was only starting there at the outbreak of World War II. In March 1939, there manufacturing commenced of the first aircraft — PZL.37 Łoś bombers, assembled from components delivered from PZL WP-1 factory in Warsaw.[2] There were 700 workers at that time.[2]

PZL.37 Łoś
LWD Szpak-4T
SBLim-2 (Lim-2 trainer variant)
TS-11 Iskra
License-built PZL An-2
PZL M-15 Belphegor jet agricultural plane
PZL M-18 Dromader
PZL M26 Iskierka
Mikrus micro car

During World War II, Mielec was occupied by the Germans starting 13 September 1939.[3] During the occupation the factory became a part of Heinkel works, among others producing tailfins of Heinkel He 111 bombers and repairing Junkers Ju 52 planes. There were 5500 workers in 1944.[2] In July 1944 the withdrawing Germans took all the machines and equipment. Mielec was seized by the Soviet Army on 6 August 1944. At first, the factory was governed by the Soviets as a repair works. On 22 July 1945 it was handed back to Polish control.[3]

1945 to present[]

The factory in Mielec was renamed to Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze (PZL) - Zakład nr 1 (State Aviation Works, No.1 plant), and turned into a state-owned factory. At first, it was aircraft repair works and produced mostly non-aviation items, like bus bodies, scales, etc.[3] The first plane constructed in Mielec was a simple trainer PZL S-1, flown on 15 November 1945, of which only 1 unit was built (this was the second plane built in Poland after the war).

The factory in Mielec produced aircraft mostly under license or designed in other Polish bureaus. In 1948, the factory built a small series of 10 utility planes LWD Szpak-4T, designed in the LWD (it was the first Polish post-war series-built plane).[2] In the same year the company started producing licensed Polikarpov Po-2 biplanes under a designation CSS-13, and 180 were built by 1950 (they were also produced by PZL Warszawa-Okęcie). In 1950 also a small series of pre-war Polish Salamandra gliders was built.

In 1949, the factory was renamed, like all Polish aerospace industry at that time, as Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego – zakład nr 1 (Communication Equipment Factory, No. 1 plant), in short WSK-1 Mielec or just WSK-Mielec.[3] For a short time in 1970-1975 it bore a name WSK Delta-Mielec.[2] In 1975 it returned to a traditional name Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego "PZL-Mielec" (WSK "PZL-Mielec"), in an honor of the PZL brand.[2] In 1950s there were 2600 workers, at its peak the number was 18,000.[2]

From 1950, the factory developed significantly and became the largest Polish aircraft producer. It was a licensed producer of the Soviet-designed jet fighters MiG-15 (produced as Lim-1), MiG-15bis (Lim-2), MiG-17 (Lim-5), and their Polish-developed variants (the SBLim-1 and 2 trainers and the Lim-6 attack plane).[2] The first Lim-1s were manufactured of Soviet parts in 1952, a full-scale production started in 1953. About 1500 Lims were built by 1964. In 1957-1960 there were also produced 250 Polish-designed piston trainers TS-8 Bies. From 1963 there was produced Polish-designed jet trainer TS-11 Iskra, being a basic trainer in the Polish military aviation. Its successor, designed with a part of PZL Mielec, the PZL I-22 Iryda, appeared to be a failure for different reasons, mostly due to a lack of proper funding, and as such only a small series was built.

The most numerous plane built in Mielec was the licensed Soviet Antonov An-2 utility biplane, produced from 1960 in different variants. 11,954 of these aircraft were manufactured by 2002,[2] mostly for the Soviets, but also used in Poland and exported to other countries. Among them there were 7880 agricultural An-2R, 1640 transport-passenger An-2TP, 1344 transport An-2T, 816 passenger An-2P, 154 floatplanes An-2M, 52 military paratroop transports An-2TD, 44 executive An-2P Lux.[2] From 1984 PZL Mielec became an exclusive producer of the Soviet STOL transport plane Antonov An-28, of which 180 were built.[2] It was subsequently developed in Mielec and in a modernized variant PZL M-28 Skytruck/Bryza, with Western avionics, is offered for the Polish Army, Polish Navy and services abroad, with some success, also as a maritime patrol aircraft.

Apart from a license production, several aircraft were designed at Mielec in the 1950s and 60s, but they did not enter production (e.g PZL S-4 Kania, PZL M-2, PZL M-4 Tarpan). More profitable appeared a cooperation in designing. In 1973, with Soviet aid, Mielec designed the only jet agricultural aircraft in the world, the WSK-Mielec M-15 Belphegor, which was built between 1976 and 1981 for the Soviets. On the other hand, the factory started cooperation with American firms and the result was the very successful agricultural aircraft M-18 Dromader, first flown in 1976 and produced and developed until now (as of 2012). Over 759 were produced,[2] most exported to Western countries. WSK-Mielec also started production of the PZL M-20 Mewa utility plane (licensed Piper PA-34 Seneca), but a small number was built only. Partly basing on the M-20 the factory developed a successful light trainer PZL M-26 Iskierka of 1988, however only seven were built.

Non-aviation production[]

The factory produced also non-aviation items, like fire engines (1948), refrigerators (1954–1966), Mikrus MR-300 microcar (1956–1960, 1728 built), refrigerator car bodies (1962–1974), TV broadcast cars (from 1965), fuel injection equipment (from 1964), Leyland-licence diesel engines (from 1967), Melex electric utility vehicles and golf carts (from 1970, mostly for export to the USA, later separated as own brand). In 1993 a division Wytwórnia Aparatury Wtryskowej "PZL Mielec" (Fuel Injection Equipment Factory "PZL–Mielec") was separated as a limited liability company.

Present and future[]

On 19 October 1998, a state-owned factory WSK "PZL-Mielec" was converted into a state-owned company Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Mielec Sp. z o.o. (Polish Aviation Works), in short: PZL Mielec (not to confuse with pre-war PZL - Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze).[2] In May 1999 it was certified according to JAR-21.[2] After a fall of export to Eastern Bloc countries, a production volume decreased and there remained 1200-1400 workers.[2]

On March 16, 2007, PZL Mielec was acquired by the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, then a unit of United Technologies Corporation (UTX), today a unit of Lockheed Martin.[4][2] From 2009 it manufactures fuselage sections of the parent firm's UH-60M Black Hawk helicopter and from 2010 it serves as an additional final assembly line for helicopter S-70i Black Hawk.[2]

The circumstances of this transaction and its aftermath were heavily criticized by the Polish military press, suggesting that the price was very low (56.1 million PLN) due to pro-American lobbying. It was also pointed out that the Polish military agreed in December 2008 to purchase 12 unnecessary M-28B aircraft from the new factory owners, for a price two or three times higher than their real value and export price.[5]

Aircraft[]

Model name First flight Number built Type
CSS-13 1948 180[2] License built single piston engine biplane utility airplane
PZL Szpak-4T 1948 10 Single piston engine monoplane utility airplane
PZL S-1 1945 1 Single piston engine monoplane trainer
PZL S-4 Kania 1957 3 Single piston engine monoplane trainer
PZL TS-8 Bies 1955 251 Single piston engine monoplane trainer
PZL M2 1958 2 Single piston engine monoplane trainer
PZL M3 Pliszka 1959 3 Glider
N/A 0 Two jet engine monoplane trainer[6]
N/A 0 Glider[7]
PZL M4 Tarpan 1961 2 Single piston engine monoplane trainer
PZL An-2 1961 11,000+ License built single piston engine biplane utility airplane
PZL Lim-1 1952[8] 227 License built single jet engine monoplane fighter
PZL Lim-2 500 License built single jet engine monoplane fighter
PZL Lim-5 1956[9] 666 License built single jet engine monoplane fighter
PZL Lim-6 110 License built single jet engine monoplane attack airplane
PZL TS-11 Iskra 1960 424 Single jet engine monoplane trainer
PZL TS-16 Grot N/A 0 Single jet engine monoplane trainer
N/A 0 Two piston engine monoplane utility airplane[10]
N/A 0 Two jet engine monoplane trainer[11]
N/A 0 Single turboprop engine monoplane agricultural airplane[12]
PZL M15 Belphegor 1973 175 Single jet engine biplane agricultural airplane
N/A 0 Two jet engine monoplane trainer[13]
PZL M18 Dromader 1976 759 Single piston engine monoplane agricultural airplane
PZL M17 1977 1 Single piston engine monoplane utility airplane
PZL M20 Mewa 1979 33 Two piston engine monoplane utility airplane
N/A 0 Two turboprop engine monoplane transport airplane[14]
PZL M21 Dromader Mini 1982 2 Single piston engine monoplane agricultural airplane[15]
PZL M24 Dromader Super 1987 4 Single piston engine monoplane agricultural airplane
N/A 0 Single piston engine monoplane agricultural airplane[15]
PZL M26 Iskierka 1986 9 Single piston engine monoplane trainer
PZL An-28 1984 Two turboprop engine monoplane transport
PZL M28 Skytruck 1993 Two turboprop engine monoplane transport
N/A 0 Single turboprop engine monoplane agricultural airplane[16]
N/A 0 Two turboprop engine monoplane utility airplane[17]
N/A 0 Two turboprop engine monoplane transport[18]
PZL I-22 Iryda 1985 17 Two jet engine monoplane trainer
PZL S-70i Blackhawk 2010 35[2] Two turboshaft engine utility helicopter

References[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ "Company Profile". PZL Mielec. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Gruszczyński, J. (2014), pp. 8–10
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Babiejczuk, J.; Grzegorzewski. J. (1974)
  4. ^ "Final Assembly for S-70i™ BLACK HAWK Helicopter Begins at Mielec". Sikorsky. 1 September 2009. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  5. ^ Hypki, Tomasz, (in Polish) Karmienie nowotworu ("Feeding of a cancer"), Skrzydlata Polska Nr. 1/2009, ISSN 0137-866X, p.4
  6. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "PZL M7 STN, 1960". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  7. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "PZL M8 "Pelikan", 1960". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  8. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "Lim-1 / Lim-2, 1952". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  9. ^ Placha Hetman, Karol (14 October 2020). "WSK Mielec Lim-5. 2020". Polot. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  10. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "PZL M12, 1961-1963". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  11. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "PZL M19, początek lat 1970- tych". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  12. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "PZL M14, 1969-1971". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  13. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "PZL M16, 1973". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  14. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "PZL M19, 1981". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b Placha Hetman, Karol (21 November 2020). "PZL Mielec M-18 Dromader. 1976". Polot. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  16. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "PZL M30, 1985". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  17. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "PZL M32, 1990". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  18. ^ Luto, Krzysztof. "PZL M34, 1996". SamolotyPolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.

Bibliography[]

  • Janusz Babiejczuk, Jerzy Grzegorzewski (1974) Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973 (Polish aviation industry...), Wydawnictwo MON, Warsaw (no ISBN)
  • Jerzy Gruszczyński (2014) Sikorsky S-70i Black Hawk in "Nowa Technika Wojskowa - Polski przetarg śmigłowcowy", special issue for MSPO 2014 defence fair, ISSN 1230-1655, p. 8-9.

External links[]

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