Paradisaea

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This article is about the bird genus. It is not to be confused with Paradisea, a genus of plants.

Paradisaea
Raggiana Bird-of-Paradise wild 5.jpg
Raggiana bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea raggiana)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Paradisaeidae
Genus: Paradisaea
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Paradisaea apoda (greater bird-of-paradise)
Linnaeus, 1758

The genus Paradisaea consists of seven species of birds-of-paradise (family Paradisaeidae). It also contains the subgenus, Paradisornis, assigned only to the blue bird-of-paradise. The genus is found on the island of New Guinea as well as the nearby islands groups of the Aru Islands, D'Entrecasteaux Islands and Raja Ampat Islands. The species inhabit a range of forest types from sea level to mid-montane forests. Several species have highly restricted distributions, and all species have disjunct distributions.[1] A 2009 study examining the mitochondrial DNA of the family found that the Paradisaea birds-of-paradise were in a clade with the genus Cicinnurus. It showed that the blue bird-of-paradise was a sister taxon to all the other species in this genus.[2]

All are large, and sexually dimorphic. The plumage of the males includes characteristic grossly elongated flank plumes (which emerge from beneath the wings and strictly speaking are flank plumes pectoral plumes), and a pair of wire-like feathers emerging from the end of the tail. The flank plumes are used during breeding displays.[1]

The name, Paradisaea, is the Latinized form of "paradise". The local name in Indonesia is cenderawasih.

Taxonomy[]

The genus Paradisaea was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.[3] The genus name is from Late Latin paradisus meaning "paradise".[4] The type species was designated as the greater bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea apoda) by George Robert Gray in 1840.[5][6]

Species[]

The genus contains seven species.[7]

hideImage Common name Scientific name Distribution
Paradisaea apoda -Bali Bird Park-5.jpg Greater bird-of-paradise Paradisaea apoda Southwestern and southern New Guinea, as well as the Aru Islands; found at altitudes around 900-950 m.
Paradisaea raggiana 23zz.jpg Raggiana bird-of-paradise Paradisaea raggiana Most of South, East-Central, Eastern and Southeastern New Guinea; typically found around at 1500 m in altitude.
Lesser Bird of Paradise.jpg Lesser bird-of-paradise Paradisaea minor Most of Northern, Northwestern and Western New Guinea (nominate race found also on Misool and other nearby islands.), also Eastern New Guinea near the Huon region; found at altitudes from 0-1500 m.
Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.141692 2 - Paradisaea decora Salvin and Godman, 1883 - Paradisaeidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg Goldie's bird-of-paradise Paradisaea decora Fergusson and Normanby islands in the D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago located Southeast of New Guinea; found at lower altitudes than other Paradisaea members.
CpZ Paradisaea rubra 00.jpg Red bird-of-paradise Paradisaea rubra Waigeo and Batanta islands of Raja Ampat in West Papua at altitudes of around 550-600 m.
Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.141703 2 - Paradisaea guilielmi Cabanis, 1888 - Paradisaeidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg Emperor bird-of-paradise Paradisaea guilielmi Mountains in the Huon Peninsula in Northeastern New Guinea; commonly found at altitudes of 1300-1500 m, though can be found lower at 400-670 m.
Blue bird-of-paradise Paradisornis rudolphi East-Central and Southeastern New Guinea, mostly in altitudes of 1400-1800 m.

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Firth, Clifford B.; Firth, Dawn W. (2009), "Family Paradisaeidae (Birds-of-paradise)", in del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14, Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 404–459, ISBN 978-84-96553-50-7
  2. ^ Irested, Martin; Jønsson, Knud A; Fjeldså, Jon; Christidis, Les and Per GP Ericson (2009). "An unexpectedly long history of sexual selection in birds-of-paradise". Evolutionary Biology. 9 (235). doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-235. PMC 2755009. PMID 19758445.
  3. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Volume 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 110. |volume= has extra text (help)
  4. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 291. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^ Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 39.
  6. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-List of Birds of the World. Volume 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 199. |volume= has extra text (help)
  7. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Crows, mudnesters, melampittas, Ifrit, birds-of-paradise". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
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