Paraguayan Army
Paraguayan Army | |
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![]() Paraguayan Army Seal | |
Founded | Officially since 1811 |
Country | ![]() |
Type | Army |
Size | 20.000 active personnel[1] 160.000 reserves |
Part of | Armed Forces of Paraguay |
Motto(s) | Spanish: Vencer o Morir To win or to die |
March | Marcha al Mariscal Lopez |
Anniversaries | 24 of July (Mariscal Lopez Birthday) |
Engagements | War of the Triple Alliance Chaco War Paraguayan People's Army insurgency |
Commanders | |
Chief of the Paraguayan Army | GEN Darío Martin Cáceres Snead |
Notable commanders | José Félix Estigarribia Francisco Solano López |
The Paraguayan Army (Spanish: Ejército Paraguayo) is the ground forces of the Armed Forces of Paraguay, organized into three divisions and 9, and several commands and direction. It has gone to war on three occasions: in the War of the Triple Alliance (1864–1870) against Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay; the Chaco War against Bolivia; and the ongoing Paraguayan People's Army insurgency.
Mission[]
- Maintaining the sanctity of the land borders of the Republic of Paraguay.
- To strengthen civil-military relations.
- Cooperate in emergency rescue and relief operations during disasters.
- Organize, compose and manage reservations.
- To organize, equip and train strength to face any domestic or international threat/
- Cooperate in activities to support the country's national development.
- To cooperate with scientific and technological development of the country.
History[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ex%C3%A9rcito_Paraguayo_-_Uniforme_da_cavallaria_e_infantaria.jpg/300px-Ex%C3%A9rcito_Paraguayo_-_Uniforme_da_cavallaria_e_infantaria.jpg)
Paraguay's army was formally established in 1811, the year of the country's independence. For the first several years of Paraguay's existence the commanders of the army, such as Fulgencio Yegros and Pedro Juan Caballero, formed the majority of the cabinet until 1814, when they were replaced by Dr. Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia, who installed himself as supreme dictator for life after a series of political clashes with Yegros. Francia removed all army personnel from the government and reformed the army, which was by now inept and corrupt. He limited the power of the army by declaring that no rank above captain could be achieved, and that after three years of service officers were to be retired. By 1816 there were no officers in the army who had fought at the Tacuari or the Paraguari. Francia's horse-grenadier guard company was the first new unit created and was to form the nucleus of the army. Each captain was given command of a branch of the service, which consisted of line infantry, light infantry, dragoons, chasseurs, hussars and artillery. The infantry, artillery and hussars were stationed in the capital Asuncion, and the rest of the army was stationed in outposts around the country to defend from attacks by Indians. The cavalry would go dismounted during peacetime, and were distinguished by the yellow aiguillette sewn onto their left shoulder. Although no formal wars were fought, conflicts with the Chaco Indians, particularly the sub-groups of the Guaykuru tribes, raged in the borderlands. The size of the army varied according to the magnitude of threat. In 1825 it was 5000 strong, but in 1834 it was only 649 strong. There was also a large number of militia troops, which usually numbered around 25,000.
After Francia's death in 1840, Carlos Antonio Lopez assumed power and modernized the army and expanded the navy. He opened an iron foundry at Ybycui that produced arms and bullets and also built up a railway system in the country to transport troops and materiel.
Following the succession of Lopez's son, Francisco Solano López, the army was expanded yet further until it was one of the largest in South America, consisting by 1864 of 44 infantry battalions, 46 cavalry regiments and four artillery regiments. In that same year Paraguay fought its first actual war against Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. Despite numerical superiority and initial success, the allies soon upped their game and Paraguay eventually found itself surrounded. Despite constant defeat on the field by the allies, the Paraguayans did not capitulate until Lopez had been killed in 1870, on the run with his 200 remaining men.
Presence in UN Missions[]
- Haiti (MINUSTAH)
- Cyprus (UNIFICYP)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
- Chad Central African Republic (MINURCAT)
- Ivory Coast (ONUCI)
Structure[]
As of 2016, the Paraguayan Army had a total strength of 10,600 personnel, including 2,500 conscripts.[1]
The Paraguayan Army is composed of Presidential Guard Regiment, organized into a regimental HQ, two battalions (infantry and military police), an armored squadron and a battery of field artillery (plus the Mounted Ceremonial Squadron "Aca Caraya"). The regimental equipment includes three Argentine modified M4 Sherman tanks, four EE-9 armored cars, four EE-11 armored personnel carriers (APCs), three M-9 halftracks mounting 20mm guns and four M-101 105 mm howitzers. Arguably, this "flagship" unit is structurally and physically the strongest of the whole of the Army. The REP is an independent unit from other commands. The EP features two field artillery groups (GAC 1–12 88 mm QF-25 and GAC 2–12 105mm M-101) and one air defense artillery group (GAA 13 40 mm L 40/60, Oerlikon 20 mm cannons, and six M-55 4×12, 7.0 mm).
Six battalions of combat engineers, one communications battalion, one Special Forces battalion, seven regiments of infantry and six regiments of cavalry comprise the rest of the force. There is little organic aviation available to it.
Each corps has a weapons school run by its command. The logistical command manages and addresses materials, mobilization, health care, etc. The command of the Army Institute of Education administers three schools, commissioned and noncommissoned officers, a military academy and the CIMEFOR (a center for pre-military study that trains Reserve officers).
Each of the nine divisions that make up the three corps has one or two regiments of infantry or cavalry, its platoon of engineers, its communications section, military police units, etc.
- Presidential Guard Regiment with its base in Asuncion
- 1st Army Corps (Curuguaty)
- Infantry Division 3
- Infantry Division 4
- Cavalry Division 3
- 2nd Army Corps (San Juan Bautista)
- Infantry Division 1
- Infantry Division 2
- Cavalry Division 2
- 3rd Army Corps (Mariscal Estigarribia)
- Infantry Division 5
- Infantry Division 6
- Cavalry Division 1
- Special forces command (Cerrito)
- One Special Forces battalion and one Special Forces school.
- Army Artillery command (Paraguari)
- Two artillery groups and one anti-aircraft group, one artillery school.
- The Infantry School and the Infantry Training Battalion.
- Army Command of engineers (Tacumbu)
- One school and six battalions.
- Army communications command(Tacumbu)
- One school and one signal battalion.
- Army Training and Doctrine Command
- Operates the , three military schools, and a noncommissoned officers school
- Army logistic command (Asuncion)
- The logistic command manages and addresses materials, mobilization, health care, etc.
Equipment[]
Armored vehicles[]
Model | Type | Origin | Quantity | Notes |
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M4 Sherman | Medium tank | ![]() |
3[1] | Retired in 2018[2] |
M3 Stuart | Light tank | ![]() |
10[3] | 10 operational as of 2014, 4 more in storage[3] |
M9 Half-track | Armored personnel carrier | ![]() |
23[4] | |
EE-9 Cascavel | Armored car | ![]() |
28[4] | Upgraded in Brazil in 2008. |
EE-11 Urutu | Armored personnel carrier | ![]() |
12[4] |
Logistic vehicles[]
Model | Type | Origin | Quantity | Notes |
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M.Benz Atego | ![]() |
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Unimog | ![]() |
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MAN 630 | ![]() |
100 | Upgraded in Germany in 1994 | |
MAN KAT1 | ![]() |
20 | Ordered in 2013 | |
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5? | Maybe not operational | ||
Ford Cargo 17-22 | ![]() |
+78 | ||
Ford Ranger | Utility vehicle | ![]() |
19 | |
Land Rover Defender 130 | Utility vehicle | ![]() |
96 | |
Land Rover Defender 110 | Utility vehicle | ![]() |
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Agrale Marrua | Utility vehicle | ![]() |
17 | |
Chevrolet S10 | Utility vehicle | ![]() |
104 | |
Mitsubishi L200 | Utility vehicle | ![]() |
+11 | |
ARGO 8×8 | Amphibious all-terrain vehicle | ![]() |
12 |
Artillery pieces and mortars[]
Model | Type | Origin | Quantity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
M108 howitzer | Howitzer (self-propelled) | ![]() |
6[5] | 105 mm |
M101 howitzer | Howitzer | ![]() |
20/26 | 105 mm |
Ordnance QF 25-pounder | Howitzer | ![]() |
12 | 87.6 mm |
7.5 cm FK 38 Krupp | Howitzer | ![]() |
12 | 75 mm, in reserve. |
Bofors 75 mm Model 1934 | Mountain gun | ![]() |
6/12 | 75 mm, in reserve. |
M20 recoilless rifle | Recoilless rifle | ![]() |
? | 75 mm |
Brandt mle 27/31 | Mortar | ![]() |
80 | 81 mm |
M30 mortar | Mortar | ![]() |
8 | 107 mm |
Mortar | ![]() |
38 | 120 mm | |
Mortar | ![]() |
42 | 60 mm | |
M1A1 | Anti-aircraft artillery | ![]() |
10 | 90 mm |
Bofors 40 mm L/60 | ![]() |
13 | 40 mm | |
Oerlikon 20 mm cannon | Anti-aircraft artillery | ![]() |
20 | 20 mm, some mounted in vehicles. |
Anti-aircraft artillery | ![]() |
3 | 20 mm | |
M3 Half-track | half-track Armored personnel carrier | ![]() |
3 | Armed with 20 mm cannons |
Anti-Armor Weapons[]
Model | Origin | Type | Quantity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-Armor Guns | ||||
M40 | ![]() |
106 mm. Recoilless rifle | 6 | |
M20 | ![]() |
75 mm. Recoilless rifle | 31 | |
M18 recoilless rifle | ![]() |
57 mm. Recoilless rifle | 32 | |
Bazooka M-20 | ![]() |
Recoilless rocket antitank weapon | 136 | |
M72 LAW | ![]() |
Anti-tank rocket launcher | 80 | First delivery |
Small arms[]
Name | Origin | Type | Caliber | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pistols | ||||
Beretta 92 | ![]() |
Pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | |
Browning HP35 | ![]() |
Pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | |
Taurus 9 mm | ![]() |
Pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | |
Rifles | ||||
T65K2 | ![]() |
Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm | Standard issue |
FN FAL | ![]() |
Assault rifle | 7.62×51mm | |
M4 carbine | ![]() |
Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm | |
Norinco CQ | ![]() |
Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm | Limited use |
M16 rifle | ![]() |
Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm | Limited use |
HK G3 | ![]() |
Assault rifle | 7.62×51mm | In reserve |
M24 Sniper Weapon System | ![]() |
Sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm | |
Barrett M82 | ![]() |
Anti-materiel rifle | 12.7×99mm | Version M-107A1 |
Submachine guns and machine guns | ||||
MP5 | ![]() |
Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | |
IMI Uzi | ![]() |
Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | |
FN MAG | ![]() |
Machine gun | 7.62×51mm | use for EE9-Cascabel, Land Rover Defender 110. |
IMI Negev | ![]() |
Light machine gun | 5.56×45mm | |
Heckler & Koch HK21 | ![]() |
Machine gun | 7.62×51mm | Version HK-21E |
Browning M2HB | ![]() |
Machine gun | 12.7×99mm | |
M1919 Browning machine gun | ![]() |
Machine gun | 7.62×51mm | Version A4 |
ZB vz. 26 Brno | ![]() |
Machine gun | 7.62×51mm | Upgraded by IMBEL (Brazil) in the 80s |
Grenade launchers | ||||
M-79 | ![]() |
Grenade launcher | 40 mm. grenade | |
M203 | ![]() |
Grenade launcher | 40 mm. grenade |
Ranks[]
- Commissioned officer ranks
The rank insignia of commissioned officers.
Rank group | General/flag officers | Field/senior officers | Junior officers | Officer cadet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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General de ejército | General de división | General de brigada | Coronel | Teniente coronel | Mayor | Capitán | Teniente primero | Teniente | Subteniente
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- Other ranks
The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.
Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sub-oficial principal | Sub-oficial mayor | Sub-oficial | Sargento ayudante | Sargento primero | Vice sargento primero | Sargento segundo | Cabo primero | Cabo segundo | Soldado |
See also[]
References[]
- Notes
- ^ a b c IISS (2012), p. 398
- ^ Rivas, Santiago (18 April 2018). "Paraguayan Army retires last M4 Shermans from service". Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 2018-04-23. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ a b de Cherisey, Erwan (29 December 2015). "Paraguay keeping M3 Stuart, M4 Sherman tanks in service". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ a b c IISS (2012), p. 399
- ^ "Paraguay recibirá seis obuses autopropulsados M-108 donados por Brasil - Noticias Infodefensa América". 16 November 2020.
- ^ a b Cooke, Melinda W. (1990). "Chapter 5: National Security". In Hanratty, Dennis M.; Meditz, Sandra W. (eds.). Paraguay: A Country Study. Area Handbook Series (2nd ed.). Library of Congress. pp. 216–217. LCCN 89600299. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- Works cited
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2012). "The Military Balance 2012". The Military Balance : Annual Estimates of the Nature and Size of the Military Forces of the Principal Powers. London: IISS. ISSN 0459-7222.
External links[]
- Armies by country
- Military units and formations established in 1811
- Military of Paraguay