Parasteatoda

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Parasteatoda
Achaearanea.japonica.female.-.tanikawa.jpg
P. japonica, female
Achaearanea.japonica.male.-.tanikawa.jpg
P. japonica, male
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Theridiidae
Genus: Parasteatoda
Archer, 1946[1]
Type species
P. tepidariorum
(C. L. Koch, 1841)
Species

42, see text

Parasteatoda is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Allan Frost Archer in 1946.[2] The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek "para-" (παρά), meaning "near" or "next to", and the theridiid genus Steatoda. The Japanese name for this genus is O-himogumo zoku ("thread silk spider family").[3]

Species[]

It is mostly an Old World genus, with many species found in Asia and New Guinea, though the distribution reaches into Europe. A few species originate from the New World, but many have been introduced, and they are becoming more widespread in the Americas and Europe.[3]

As of May 2020 it contains forty-two species and two subspecies:[1]

  • Yang, Irfan & Peng, 2019 – China
  • (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan
  • (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – China, Korea, Japan
  • (Simon, 1877) – Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Is.
  • (Zhu, 1998) – India, China, Thailand, Laos
  • (Zhu, 1998) – China
  • Yoshida, 2016 – Japan
  • (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – China, Japan
  • (Zhu, 1998) – China, Laos
  • (L. Koch, 1867) – Indonesia (Krakatau), New Guinea, Australia (Queensland)
  • (Zhu, 1998) – China
  • (Zhu, Zhang & Xu, 1991) – China
  • (Zhu, 1998) – China
  • (Chrysanthus, 1963) – New Guinea
  • Yoshida, 2009 – Japan
  • (Zhu, 1998) – China
  • (Levi, Lubin & Robinson, 1982) – New Guinea
  • Yoshida, 2015 – Taiwan
  • (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – India, China, Korea, Japan
  • (Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000) – Taiwan
  • (Zhu, 1998) – China
  • (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran
    • (Franganillo, 1930) – Cuba
  • Yoshida & Takasuka, 2011 – Indonesia (Java)
  • (Keyserling, 1884) – Mexico to Argentina
  • (Zhu, 1998) – China, India, Laos
  • Gao & Li, 2014 – China
  • (Kulczyński, 1911) – New Guinea
  • (Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000) – Taiwan
  • (Yoshida, 2000) – Japan, Ryukyu Is., Taiwan
  • (Thorell, 1875) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
  • (Zhu, 1998) – China
  • (Zhu, 1998) – China
  • (Zhu, 1998) – China
  • Parasteatoda tabulata (Levi, 1980) – Tropical Asia. Introduced to North America, Europe, Georgia, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
  • Yoshida, 2015 – Taiwan
  • Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841) (type) – South America. Introduced to Canada, USA, Seychelles, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan, New Zealand, Hawaii
  • (Zhu & Zhang, 1992) – China
  • (Yoshida, 1993) – Singapore, Indonesia (Java, Bali)
  • (Chrysanthus, 1975) – New Guinea, Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
  • (Chrysanthus, 1975) – New Guinea
  • Jin & Zhang, 2013 – China
  • Parasteatoda wau (Levi, Lubin & Robinson, 1982) – New Guinea

Formerly included:

  • P. brookesiana (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) (Transferred to Nihonhimea)
  • P. campanulata (Chen, 1993) (Transferred to Campanicola)
  • P. ferrumequina (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Campanicola)
  • P. japonica (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Nihonhimea)
  • P. mundula (L. Koch, 1872) (Transferred to Nihonhimea)
  • P. mundula (Chrysanthus, 1963) (Transferred to Nihonhimea)
  • P. oculiprominens Saito, 1939 (Transferred to Keijiella)
  • P. tesselata (Keyserling, 1884) (Transferred to Nihonhimea)

In synonymy:

  • P. boqueronica (Kraus, 1955) = Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884)
  • P. krausi (Chrysanthus, 1963) = Parasteatoda camura (Simon, 1877)
  • P. lunata (Olivier, 1789) = Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757)
  • P. mesax Levi, 1959 = Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884)
  • P. nipponica (Yoshida, 1983) = Parasteatoda tabulata (Levi, 1980)
  • P. obnubila (Keyserling, 1891) = Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884)
  • P. pallida (Walckenaer, 1841) = Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2020). "Gen. Parasteatoda Archer, 1946". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
  2. ^ Archer, A. F. (1946). "The Theridiidae or comb-footed spiders of Alabama". Museum Paper, Alabama Museum of Natural History. 22: 1–67.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Yoshida, H. (2008). "A revision of the genus Achaearanea (Araneae: Theridiidae)". Acta Arachnologica. 57: 37–40. doi:10.2476/asjaa.57.37.

Further reading[]

  • Song, D. X.; Zhu, M. S.; Chen, J. (1999). The Spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang. p. 640.
  • Zhu, M. S. (1998). Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing. p. 436.
  • Yin, C. M.; et al. (2012). Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha. p. 1590.
  • Yoshida, H. (2009), "Uloboridae, Theridiidae, Ctenidae", in Ono, H. (ed.), The spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species
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