Parides panares

Wedge-spotted cattleheart
	Figure 4 accompanying Gray's original description
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Tribe:	Troidini
Genus:	Parides
Species:	P. panares
Binomial name
	Parides panares; (Gray, [1853])
Synonyms
	Papilio panares Gray, [1853];

Parides panares, the wedge-spotted cattleheart,^[1] is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae native to the Americas. The larvae feed on Aristolochia maxima and .^[2]

Subspecies[]

P. p. panares (Gray, [1853]) (southeastern Mexico)^[2]
P. p. erythrus (Rothchild & Jordan, 1906) (Panama to Colombia)^[2]
P. p. lycimenes (Boisduval, 1836) (southeastern Mexico to Panama)^[2]^[3]
P. p. paralius (Rothchild & Jordan, 1906) (Ecuador)^[2]
P. p. rachelii K. S. Brown, 1994 (northern Venezuela)^[2]
P. p. tachira T. Racheli, 1991 (southwestern Venezuela)^[2]

Description from Seitz[]

[panares panares = iphidamas in Seitz (misident.) Mexico] P. lycimenes. Male : somewhat smaller than P. vertumnus, the red area of the hindwing less triangular and its last spot smaller. Female: forewing slightly transparent at the apex; the spots somewhat yellowish, not pure white, the cell-spot usually large and extended across the cell; band of the hindwing less bright red than in P. vertumnus. Tibiae of the male not thickened. Guatemala to Ecuador, in several subspecies. — lycimenes Boisd. is the Central American form. Forewing with a large green spot, which almost always encloses at least one white spot; often a spot in the cell; hindwing with 4—6 red spots. In the female the yellowish white spot before the 1.median much larger than the preceding one; band of the hindwing broad, almost always a uniform bright red. Guatemala to Panama; also on the small islands on the west coast of the Republic of Panama. — erythrus R. & J. (3d), male : the green spot broader than in the preceding form, reaching to the hindmargin of the wing. Female: the spot before the 1.median of the forewing larger than in the preceding form; the band of the hindwing paler. Central and East Colombia and North Venezuela. — paralius R. & .J. (4a). Small, male : forewing with round yellow-white spot before the 2. median; band of the hindwing short and narrow. Female: spot on the forewing purer white than in the previous subspecies, the cell-spot reduced; the spot before the 2. median the largest; band of the hindwing almost straight. West Ecuador.^[4]

Seitz Plate 3
Seitz Plate 4

Description from Rothschild and Jordan(1906)[]

A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)^[5] See note on synonymy under Seitz (above).

Taxonomy[]

Parides panares is a member of the anchises species group^[6]

The members are

References[]

^ Warren, A. D.; et al. (2010). "Parides panares". Butterflies of America. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Savela, Markku. "Parides panares". funet.fi. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
^ Lewis, H. L., 1974 Butterflies of the World ISBN 0-245-52097-X Page 26, figure 13
^ Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren) This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and online
^ Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN 9783937783277