Passion Gospels

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The Gospels of the Passion are related to the last events of Jesus' life (prison, condemnation, crucifixion, resurrection). The last chapters of the canonical gospels of gospel of Matthew, gospel of Mark, gospel of Luke and Gospel of John receive this classification.[1][2][3][4]

Among the apocryphal gospels are:

Gospel of Peter[]

The Gospel of Peter (Greek: κατά Πέτρον ευαγγέλιον, kata Petron euangelion), or Gospel according to Peter, is an ancient text concerning Jesus Christ, only partially known today. It is considered a non-canonical gospel and was rejected as apocryphal by the Catholic Church's synods of Carthage and Rome, which established the New Testament canon.[5] It was the first of the non-canonical gospels to be rediscovered, preserved in the dry sands of Egypt.

A major focus of the surviving fragment of the Gospel of Peter is the passion narrative, which ascribes responsibility for the crucifixion of Jesus to Herod Antipas rather than to Pontius Pilate.

Gospel of Nicodemos[]

The Gospel of Nicodemus, also known as the Acts of Pilate[6] (Latin: Acta Pilati; Greek: Πράξεις Πιλάτου), is a New Testament apocrypha gospel claimed to have been derived from an original Hebrew work written by Nicodemus, who appears in the Gospel of John as an associate of Jesus. The title "Gospel of Nicodemus" is medieval in origin.[7] The dates of its accreted sections are uncertain, but according to the 1907 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia scholars agree in assigning the resulting work to the middle of the fourth century AD.[7]

The section about Pilate is an older text found in the Greek Acts of Peter and Paul and, according to the surviving version,[8] is an official document from Pontius Pilate (or composed from reports at the praetorium at Jerusalem) reporting events in Judea to Emperor Tiberius, and referring to the crucifixion of Jesus, as well as his miracles.[9]

Acts of Pilate[]

The Acts of Pilate (in Latin: Acta Pilati; in Greek: Πράξεις Πιλάτου), also called Pilate's Gospel, is one of the New Testament apocrypha.[9] The dates of each of the added sections is uncertain, but scholars attribute the final result to the middle of the fourth century AD.The text was also found in the Greek Acts of Peter and Paul and as an appendix to the medieval Latin text Gospel of Nicodemus, which is believed to have been written by a member of the Order of Nicodemus, although there is no relationship between these independent texts.

Pseudo-Cyril of Jerusalem, on the Life and the Passion of Christ[]

Pseudo-Cyril of Jerusalem, On the Life and the Passion of Christ or CPC 0113 is an apocryphal account of Jesus written in Sahidic. According to its written introduction, it is "a homily which the holy Apa Cyril [...] delivered", meaning Cyril of Jerusalem. Scholars, however, assume the homily to be a Pseudo-Cyrillian work. It is dated no earlier than the 8th century AD and, according to the introduction, was delivered "in the early morning of the fourth day of the Great Pascha", making it an Easter homily focusing mostly on the passion of Christ.[10]

Gospel of Bartholomew[]

The Gospel of Bartholomew is a missing text amongst the New Testament apocrypha, mentioned in several early sources. It may be identical to either the Questions of Bartholomew, the Resurrection of Jesus Christ (by Bartholomew), or neither. In the prologue to his commentary on Matthew, Jerome mentions a "Gospel of Bartholomew"[11] among several other apocryphal gospels.

The author of the Decretum Gelasianum includes "the Gospels in the name of Bartholomew" in a list of condemned or unacceptable scriptures.[12]

Resurrection of Jesus Christ (by Bartholomew)[]

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ (by Bartholomew) is not to be confused with the book called Questions of Bartholomew, although either text may be the missing Gospel of Bartholomew (or neither may be), a lost work from the New Testament apocrypha.

Questions of Bartholomew[]

The Questions of Bartholomew is not to be confused with the book called Resurrection of Jesus Christ, although either text may be the missing Gospel of Bartholomew (or neither may be), a lost work from the New Testament apocrypha.

Declaration by Joseph of Arimathea[]

The Declaration by Joseph of Arimathea involves myths about the life of Joseph of Arimathea. The text is falsely attributed to the biblical character and was written in the 2nd century AD. It is related to the latest events in the life of Jesus.[13]

The alleged prison of Joseph of Arimathea was also explored in the apocryphal The Dialogue of the Savior, contrary to the biblical chronology in Acts of the Apostles in which Stephen was the first martyr of the persecution practiced by Jews to the early Christians, without any quote regarding any reprisals on the part of the Sanhedrin to Joseph of Arimathea or Nicodemus. (Acts of the Apostles chapters 6 to 15).[14]

Pontius Pilate's account to Emperor Claudius[]

The Pontius Pilate's account to Emperor Claudius is ranked among New Testament apocrypha. He is a description anti-Semitic of crucifixion, as well as an account of resurrection of Jesus Christ.

The text claims to be a written account made by Pilate to Roman emperor Claudius and was later annexed in the book of Acts of Pilate.[15]

References[]

  1. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 21-28 - 21st Century King James Version". Bible Gateway.
  2. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Mark 12 - 21st Century King James Version". Bible Gateway.
  3. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Luke 23 - 21st Century King James Version". Bible Gateway.
  4. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: John 20 - 21st Century King James Version". Bible Gateway.
  5. ^ Thomas Patrick Halton, On Illustrious Men, v. 100, CUA Press, 1999. pp 5–7
  6. ^ Ehrman, Bart D.; (2011). "The Gospel of Nicodemus (The Acts of Pilate) A". The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations. Oxford University Press. p. 419. ISBN 978-0-19-973210-4.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Reid, George (1913). "Acta Pilati" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  8. ^ "The Apocryphal New Testament" ISBN 9780198261216 https://web.archive.org/web/20150705090754/http://folk.uio.no/lukeb/books/apocrypha/Gospel_of_Nicodemus.pdf
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Scheidweiler, Felix (2003) [1991]. "The Gospel of Nicodemus: Acts of Pilate and Christ's Descent into Hell". In Schneemelcher, Wilhelm; Wilson, Robert McLachlan (eds.). New Testament Apocrypha: Gospels and Related Writings. 1 (Revised ed.). Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 501–502. ISBN 978-0-664-22721-0.
  10. ^ Van den Broek, Roelof. Pseudo-Cyril of Jerusalem On the Life and the Passion of Christ : A Coptic Apocryphon, Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2013, p. 69
  11. ^ "The Gospel of Bartholomew". www.gnosis.org.
  12. ^ "Decretum Gelasianum"; see http://www.tertullian.org/articles/burkitt_gelasianum.htm
  13. ^ Sanhedrin: The supreme council and court of the Jews during postexilic times (between the end of the exile in Babylon in 538 BC and AD 1).They were usually headed by a High Priest. It officiated over religious, civil, and criminal matters.
  14. ^ Joseph of Arimathea by Hampton Rod, Fox Seth.
  15. ^ Account to Pilate (in English). Early Christian Writings
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