Pennington, New Jersey

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pennington, New Jersey
Borough
Borough of Pennington
First Presbyterian Church
Location in Mercer County and the state of New Jersey.
Location in Mercer County and the state of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Pennington, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Pennington, New Jersey
Pennington is located in Mercer County, New Jersey
Pennington
Pennington
Location in Mercer County
Coordinates: 40°19′30″N 74°47′20″W / 40.324923°N 74.78878°W / 40.324923; -74.78878Coordinates: 40°19′30″N 74°47′20″W / 40.324923°N 74.78878°W / 40.324923; -74.78878[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Mercer
IncorporatedJanuary 31, 1890
Government
 • TypeBorough
 • BodyBorough Council
 • MayorJoseph Lawver (D, term ends December 31, 2023)[3][4]
 • AdministratorEileen Heinzel[5]
 • Municipal clerkElizabeth Sterling[5]
Area
 • Total0.96 sq mi (2.50 km2)
 • Land0.96 sq mi (2.49 km2)
 • Water<0.01 sq mi (0.01 km2)  0.31%
Area rank506th of 565 in state
11th of 12 in county[1]
Elevation210 ft (60 m)
Population
 (2010 Census)[8][9][10]
 • Total2,585
 • Estimate 
(2019)[11]
2,576
 • Rank465th of 565 in state
11th of 12 in county[12]
 • Density2,703.9/sq mi (1,044.0/km2)
 • Density rank230st of 565 in state
4th of 12 in county[12]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
08534[13][14]
Area code(s)609[15]
FIPS code3402157600[1][16][17]
GNIS feature ID885347[18]
Websitewww.penningtonboro.org

Pennington is a borough in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The borough is located at the cross-roads between the Delaware Valley region to the south and the Raritan Valley region to the north. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 2,585,[8][9][10] reflecting a decline of 111 (-4.1%) from the 2,696 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 159 (+6.3%) from the 2,537 counted in the 1990 Census.[19]

History[]

According to an 1883 history, "the first name of the village was Queenstown, which was given it in honor of Queen Anne. Later it was by some, in derision of its comparative insignificance, Pennytown, and as early as 1747 it began to be called Pennington."[20][21][22] The name "Penington" was already known in the area, as Edward Penington (1667-1701), son of the British Quaker leader Isaac Penington, was appointed by his kinsman William Penn as Surveyor General of Pennsylvania. His father-in-law was a longtime leader, including as Governor, of the province of West Jersey, where Edward married.[23] Henry Gannett attributes the borough's name to colonial governors from the Pennington family.[24]

Pennington was established as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 31, 1890, from portions of Hopewell Township, based on the results of a referendum held on January 21, 1890.[25] It is a dry borough, where alcohol cannot be sold.[26][27]

Geography[]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 0.96 square miles (2.50 km2), including 0.96 square miles (2.49 km2) of land and <0.01 square miles (0.01 km2) of water (0.31%).[1][2]

The borough is an independent municipality completely surrounded by Hopewell Township,[28] making it part one of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another.[29][30][31]

Climate[]

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Pennington, New Jersey has a hot-summer, wet all year, humid continental climate (Dfa). Dfa climates are characterized by at least one month having an average mean temperature ≤ 32.0 °F (≤ 0.0 °C), at least four months with an average mean temperature ≥ 50.0 °F (≥ 10.0 °C), at least one month with an average mean temperature ≥ 71.6 °F (≥ 22.0 °C), and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. During the summer months, episodes of extreme heat and humidity can occur with heat index values ≥ 100 °F (≥ 38 °C). On average, the wettest month of the year is July which corresponds with the annual peak in thunderstorm activity. During the winter months, episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values < 0 °F (< -18 °C). The plant hardiness zone at the Pennington Municipal Court is 6b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of -0.7 °F (-18.2 °C).[32] The average seasonal (November–April) snowfall total is 24 to 30 inches (610 to 760 mm) and the average snowiest month is February which corresponds with the annual peak in nor'easter activity.

hideClimate data for Pennington Municipal Court, Mercer County, NJ (1981-2010 Averages)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 39.2
(4.0) 		42.6
(5.9) 		50.8
(10.4) 		62.8
(17.1) 		72.3
(22.4) 		81.6
(27.6) 		86.0
(30.0) 		84.1
(28.9) 		77.1
(25.1) 		65.8
(18.8) 		55.0
(12.8) 		43.8
(6.6) 		63.5
(17.5)
Daily mean °F (°C) 31.0
(−0.6) 		33.6
(0.9) 		41.1
(5.1) 		51.8
(11.0) 		61.2
(16.2) 		70.8
(21.6) 		75.5
(24.2) 		73.8
(23.2) 		66.5
(19.2) 		55.0
(12.8) 		45.5
(7.5) 		35.7
(2.1) 		53.6
(12.0)
Average low °F (°C) 22.7
(−5.2) 		24.7
(−4.1) 		31.3
(−0.4) 		40.8
(4.9) 		50.1
(10.1) 		59.9
(15.5) 		65.0
(18.3) 		63.4
(17.4) 		55.8
(13.2) 		44.1
(6.7) 		36.0
(2.2) 		27.6
(−2.4) 		43.5
(6.4)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.49
(89) 		2.75
(70) 		4.13
(105) 		4.11
(104) 		4.25
(108) 		4.37
(111) 		5.31
(135) 		4.11
(104) 		4.41
(112) 		3.93
(100) 		3.70
(94) 		4.06
(103) 		48.62
(1,235)
Average relative humidity (%) 65.8 62.4 58.1 57.8 63.0 67.0 66.8 69.5 70.7 69.5 67.9 67.8 65.5
Average dew point °F (°C) 20.9
(−6.2) 		22.1
(−5.5) 		27.5
(−2.5) 		37.4
(3.0) 		48.5
(9.2) 		59.3
(15.2) 		63.7
(17.6) 		63.2
(17.3) 		56.7
(13.7) 		45.2
(7.3) 		35.5
(1.9) 		26.1
(−3.3) 		42.3
(5.7)
Source: PRISM Climate Group[33]

Ecology[]

According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Pennington, New Jersey would have an Appalachian Oak (104) vegetation type with an Eastern Hardwood Forest (25) vegetation form.[34]

Demographics[]

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1880723—
1890588−18.7%
190073324.7%
1910722−1.5%
19201,33584.9%
19301,3350.0%
19401,49211.8%
19501,68212.7%
19602,06322.7%
19702,1514.3%
19802,109−2.0%
19902,53720.3%
20002,6966.3%
20102,585−4.1%
2019 (est.)2,576[11][35]−0.3%
Population sources:
1880-1890[36] 1890-1920[37]
1890-1910[38] 1910-1930[39]
1930-1990[40] 2000[41][42] 2010[8][9][10]

Census 2010[]

The 2010 United States census counted 2,585 people, 1,031 households, and 712 families in the borough. The population density was 2,703.9 per square mile (1,044.0/km2). There were 1,083 housing units at an average density of 1,132.8 per square mile (437.4/km2). The racial makeup was 95.24% (2,462) White, 1.82% (47) Black or African American, 0.00% (0) Native American, 1.78% (46) Asian, 0.08% (2) Pacific Islander, 0.08% (2) from other races, and 1.01% (26) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.43% (37) of the population.[8]

Of the 1,031 households, 34.9% had children under the age of 18; 60.4% were married couples living together; 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 30.9% were non-families. Of all households, 28.4% were made up of individuals and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.04.[8]

26.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 17.9% from 25 to 44, 33.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.7 years. For every 100 females, the population had 87.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 79.4 males.[8]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $107,250 (with a margin of error of +/- $18,509) and the median family income was $156,923 (+/- $18,294). Males had a median income of $106,250 (+/- $20,859) versus $76,477 (+/- $25,432) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $56,962 (+/- $6,372). About 6.2% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.[43]

Census 2000[]

As of the 2000 United States Census[16] there were 2,696 people, 1,013 households, and 761 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,801.0 people per square mile (1,084.3/km2). There were 1,040 housing units at an average density of 1,080.5 per square mile (418.3/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 94.96% White, 2.63% African American, 1.00% Asian, 0.41% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19% of the population.[41][42]

There were 1,013 households, out of which 40.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.14.[41][42]

In the borough the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.[41][42]

The median income for a household in the borough was $90,366, and the median income for a family was $107,089. Males had a median income of $84,912 versus $43,068 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $45,843. About 0.7% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.4% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.[41][42]

Arts and culture[]

United Methodist Church

Pennington Day, typically in the middle of May, is an annual event where local organizations and businesses set up booths in a street-fair style on Main Street. The event, with origins back to 1980, features local music and a parade early in the day and festivities continuing into the afternoon.[44]

Government[]

Intersection of Main Street and Delaware Avenue

Local government[]

Pennington is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey.[45] The governing body is comprised of a Mayor and a Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members, who are elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.[6] The Borough form of government used by Pennington is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.[46][47] The Borough Council has the option to designate an administrator or assign executive responsibilities to the administrator. The Council may also adopt an administrative code which describes how the Council performs its duties.[48]

As of 2020, the mayor of Pennington is Democrat Joseph L. Lawver, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. Members of the Borough Council are Council President Glen E. Griffiths (D, 2020), Catherine "Kit" Chandler (D, 2020), Deborah L. Gnatt (D, 2021), Charles "Chico" Marciante (D, 2022), Beverly Mills (D, 2022) and Elizabeth Semple Rosenblatt (D, 2021).[3][49][50][51][52][53]

In January 2019, Joseph Lawver was appointed to fill the mayoral seat expiring in December 2019 that was vacated by Anthony Persichilli, the borough's longest-serving mayor, when he resigned from office the previous month.[54] Former mayor Persichilli was first elected on November 7, 2006, to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of James Loper. Returned to office at that same election were Democratic council members Joseph Lawver and Eileen Heinzel.[55] James Loper, the previous elected mayor, had resigned from office effective February 1, 2006. The Pennington Republican Committee nominated three candidates to take his place and the Council selected James Benton from the three candidates to fill the vacancy.[56] That same procedure was repeated in December 2006, when the Borough Council selected Diane Zompa to fill the unexpired term left by Persichilli.[57]

Federal, state and county representation[]

Pennington is located in the 12th Congressional District[58] and is part of New Jersey's 15th state legislative district.[9][59][60]

For the 117th United States Congress, New Jersey's Twelfth Congressional District is represented by Bonnie Watson Coleman (D, Ewing Township).[61][62] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[63] and Bob Menendez (Harrison, term ends 2025).[64][65]

For the 2020–2021 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 15th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Shirley Turner (D, Lawrence Township, Mercer County) and in the General Assembly by Verlina Reynolds-Jackson (D, Trenton) and Anthony Verrelli (D, Hopewell Township, Mercer County, New Jersey).[66][67]

Mercer County is governed by a County Executive who oversees the day-to-day operations of the county and by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders that acts in a legislative capacity, setting policy. All officials are chosen at-large in partisan elections, with the executive serving a four-year term of office while the freeholders serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats up for election each year.[68] As of 2014, the County Executive is Brian M. Hughes (D, term ends December 31, 2015; Princeton).[69] Mercer County's Freeholders are Freeholder Chair Andrew Koontz (D, 2016; Princeton),[70] Freeholder Vice Chair Samuel T. Frisby, Sr. (2015; Trenton),[71] Ann M. Cannon (2015; East Windsor Township),[72] Anthony P. Carabelli (2016; Trenton),[73] John A. Cimino (2014, Hamilton Township),[74] Pasquale "Pat" Colavita, Jr. (2015; Lawrence Township)[75] and Lucylle R. S. Walter (2014; Ewing Township)[76][77][78] Mercer County's constitutional officers are County Clerk Paula Sollami-Covello (D, 2015),[79] Sheriff John A. Kemler (D, 2014)[80] and Surrogate Diane Gerofsky (D, 2016).[81][82]

Politics[]

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 2,017 registered voters in Pennington, of which 828 (41.1%) were registered as Democrats, 467 (23.2%) were registered as Republicans and 720 (35.7%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 2 voters registered to other parties.[83]

Presidential Elections Results
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2016[84] 20.3% 309 75.4% 1,149 4.3% 65
2012[85] 32.7% 488 66.0% 985 1.3% 19
2008[86] 31.0% 506 66.9% 1,090 1.1% 18
2004[87] 35.9% 581 61.7% 999 0.5% 11

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 66.0% of the vote (985 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 32.7% (488 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (19 votes), among the 1,653 ballots cast by the borough's 2,115 registered voters (161 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 78.2%.[85][88] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 66.9% of the vote (1,090 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 31.0% (506 votes) and other candidates with 1.1% (18 votes), among the 1,630 ballots cast by the borough's 2,088 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.1%.[86] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 61.7% of the vote (999 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 35.9% (581 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (11 votes), among the 1,619 ballots cast by the borough's 2,022 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 80.1.[87]

Gubernatorial Elections Results
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2017[89] 28.3% 296 69.9% 730 1.8% 19
2013[90] 49.6% 496 48.7% 487 1.6% 16
2009[91] 35.7% 425 53.8% 640 9.6% 114
2005[92] 40.2% 460 56.8% 649 3.0% 34

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 49.6% of the vote (496 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 48.7% (487 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (16 votes), among the 1,015 ballots cast by the borough's 2,067 registered voters (16 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 49.1%.[93][94] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 53.8% of the vote (640 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 35.7% (425 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 9.3% (111 votes) and other candidates with 0.3% (3 votes), among the 1,190 ballots cast by the borough's 2,057 registered voters, yielding a 57.9% turnout.[91]

Education[]

Toll Gate Grammar School

Public school students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade attend the Hopewell Valley Regional School District.[95] The comprehensive regional public school district serves students from Hopewell Borough, Hopewell Township and Pennington Borough.[96][97] As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 3,572 students and 347.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.3:1.[98] Schools in the district (with 2017-18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[99]) are Bear Tavern Elementary School[100] (439 students; in grades PreK-5), Hopewell Elementary School[101] (436; PreK-5), Stony Brook Elementary School[102] (393; K-5), Toll Gate Grammar School[103] (273; K-5), Timberlane Middle School[104] with 841 students in grades 6-8 and Hopewell Valley Central High School[105] with an enrollment of 1,153 students in grades 9 - 12.[106] The district's Board of Education is composed of nine members allocated to each of the three municipalities based on population, with Pennington assigned a single seat.[107]

Eighth grade students from all of Mercer County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Mercer County Technical Schools, a county-wide vocational school district that offers full-time career and technical education at its Health Sciences Academy, STEM Academy and Academy of Culinary Arts, with no tuition charged to students for attendance.[108][109]

The Pennington School serves students in sixth through twelfth grades, having been founded in 1838 with a single teacher and three students.[110]

Transportation[]

Roads and highways[]

Route 31 is the primary state highway serving Pennington

As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 12.34 miles (19.86 km) of roadways, of which 8.57 miles (13.79 km) were maintained by the municipality, 3.17 miles (5.10 km) by Mercer County and 0.60 miles (0.97 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[111]

Route 31 passes through Pennington, providing access to Interstate 295 at exit 72.[112] Additionally, exit 73 along I-295 connects to Scotch Road North, which provides access to all of the surrounding Hopewell Township area.[113]

Public transportation[]

NJ Transit provides bus service between the borough and Trenton on the 624 route.[114][115]

Points of interest[]

Notable people[]

See also: Category:People from Pennington, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Pennington include:

References[]

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  63. ^ [1], United States Senate. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
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  97. ^ About Us, Hopewell Valley Regional High School. Accessed September 25, 2017. "Hopewell Valley Regional School District, as it functions today, has been a regionalized operation since 1965 when voters of Hopewell Township, Hopewell Borough and Pennington Borough approved a plan to consolidate their schools. But the first consolidation of local schools actually occurred in 1894 when the 14 separate districts, operating one-room schoolhouses throughout the valley, agreed to merge and be governed by a single school board."
  98. ^ District information for Hopewell Valley Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed November 1, 2019.
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  107. ^ About the Hopewell Valley Regional Board of Education, Hopewell Valley Regional School District. Accessed March 2, 2020. "The Hopewell Valley Regional Board of Education is a nine-member body elected by the residents of Hopewell Township, Hopewell Borough and Pennington Borough. Seats are apportioned by population. Hopewell Township has seven representatives; each borough is represented by one seat.... The Hopewell Valley Regional School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of the Borough of Pennington, Hopewell Borough, and Hopewell Township."
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  119. ^ Biography Archived February 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Kwame Anthony Appiah. Accessed November 19, 2012. "Kwame Anthony Appiah has homes in New York city and near Pennington, in New Jersey, which he shares with his partner, Henry Finder, Editorial Director of the New Yorker magazine."
  120. ^ Frank Baldwin, Naval History and Heritage Command. Accessed June 27, 2019. "Born in Pennington, New Jersey, on November 19, 1880, Frank Baldwin attended Pennington Preparatory School and the Stewart School in Trenton, prior to his appointment in 1906 as Assistant Paymaster, with rank of Ensign in the Supply Corps of the US Navy."
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