Permopsocida

Permopsocida Temporal range: Early Permian –Cenomanian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
(unranked):	Paraneoptera
Order:	†Permopsocida Tillyard, 1926
Families
†Psocidiidae †Permopsocidae †Archipsyllidae

Permopsocida is an extinct order of insects known from the Early Permian to the Mid-Cretaceous. It is part of Paraneoptera, alongside bark lice (including lice), bugs and thrips. Within Paraneoptera it is considered to be closer to the clade containing bugs and thrips rather than bark lice, with an estimated divergence during the Late Carboniferous. The group was first named as a suborder by Robert John Tillyard in 1926, and was raised to a full order by Huang et al. in 2016.^[1] It is currently divided up into three families, Psocidiidae which is known from the Permian to Liassic. Permopsocidae which is only known from the Permian, and Archipsyllidae, which is known from the Late Triassic^[2] to mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian). While most members of the group are known from compression fossils, several members of Archipsyllidae are 3 dimensionally preserved in Burmese amber, which has helped clarify the morphology and phylogenetic position of the group.^[1][3][4][5] The morphology of the mouthparts suggests that they were capable of suction feeding and chewing, with preserved angiosperm pollen grains in the gut of suggesting that at least some members of the group were pollenivorous.^[1]

Comparison of the head morphology of Permospocida (b) with that of Psocodea (a) Thysanoptera (c) and Hemiptera (d)

Head of Psocorrhyncha

Taxonomy[]

From Huang et al 2016 and subsequent literature

• †Psocidiidae Tillyard, 1926
  • † Tillyard, 1926 , Russia, Kungurian, Bursum Formation, New Mexico, Asselian, Wellington Formation, Kansas, Oklahoma, Artinskian
  • † Prokop, Garrouste & Nel, 2016 , Australia, Changhsingian
  • † Ansorge, 1996 "Green Series", Germany, Toarcian
  • † Tillyard 1935 Croudace Bay Formation, Australia, Changhsingian
  • † Tillyard 1935 Croudace Bay Formation, Australia, Changhsingian
• †Permopsocidae Tillyard, 1926
  • † Tillyard, 1926 Wellington Formation, Kansas, Artinskian
  • † Carpenter 1932 Wellington Formation, Kansas, Artinskian
  • † Carpenter 1932 Wellington Formation, Kansas, Artinskian
  • † Tillyard 1926 Wellington Formation, Kansas, Artinskian
• †Archipsyllidae Handlirsch, 1906
  • † Vishnyakova 1976 , Russia, Roadian
  • † Handlirsch, 1908 "Green Series", Germany, Toarcian Daohugou, China, Callovian, Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian
  • † Vishniakova, 1976 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
  • † Vishniakova, 1976 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
  • † Beutel et al. 2019 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • † Liang, Zhang & Liu, 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • † Lambkin, 2018 Blackstone Formation, Australia, Norian
  • † Yoshizawa & Lienhard, 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • † Huang et al. 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian

References[]