Peroxydisulfate

A (ball-and-stick model) of the peroxodisulfate anion.

The structure of the peroxodisulfate anion

The peroxydisulfate ion, S
₂O²⁻
₈, is an oxyanion. It is commonly referred to as the persulfate ion or peroxodisulfate anions,^[1] but this term also refers to the peroxomonosulfate ion, SO²⁻
₅.In this oxidation states of both sulphur's is +6 ,also known as marshals acid. Approximately 500,000 tons of salts containing this anion are produced annually. Important salts include sodium persulfate (Na₂S₂O₈), potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈), and ammonium persulfate ((NH₄)₂S₂O₈). These salts are colourless, water-soluble solids that are strong oxidants.

Applications[]

Salts of peroxydisulfate are mainly used to initiate the polymerization of various alkenes, including styrene, acrylonitrile, and fluoroalkenes. Polymerization is initiated by the homolysis of the peroxydisulfate:

[O₃SO–OSO₃]²⁻ ⇌ 2 [SO₄]^•−

Moreover, sodium peroxydisulfate can be used for soil and groundwater remediation, water and wastewater treatment, and etching of copper on circuit boards.^[2]^[1]

It has also been used to produce hair lighteners and bleaches, medical drugs, cellophane, rubber, soaps, detergents, adhesive papers, dyes for textiles, and in photography.^[1]

In addition to its major commercial applications, peroxydisulfate participates in reactions of interest in the laboratory:

Elbs persulfate oxidation
Oxidation of Ag⁺ to Ag²⁺

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Shafiee, Saiful Arifin; Aarons, Jolyon; Hamzah, Hairul Hisham (2018). "Electroreduction of Peroxodisulfate: A Review of a Complicated Reaction". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. ECS. 165 (13): H785–H798. doi:10.1149/2.1161811jes.
^ Wacławek, S., Lutze, H. V., Grübel, K., Padil, V.V.T., Černík, M., Dionysiou, D.D. (2017) (2017). "Chemistry of persulfates in water and wastewater treatment: A review". Chemical Engineering Journal. 330: 44–62. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.132.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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[:0-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Shafiee, Saiful Arifin; Aarons, Jolyon; Hamzah, Hairul Hisham (2018). "Electroreduction of Peroxodisulfate: A Review of a Complicated Reaction". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. ECS. 165 (13): H785–H798. doi:10.1149/2.1161811jes.

[2] Wacławek, S., Lutze, H. V., Grübel, K., Padil, V.V.T., Černík, M., Dionysiou, D.D. (2017) (2017). "Chemistry of persulfates in water and wastewater treatment: A review". Chemical Engineering Journal. 330: 44–62. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.132.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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