Persecution of Kurds

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The persecution of Kurds is the ethnic and political persecution which is inflicted upon Kurds by the governments of Iran, Syria, Turkey, and Iraq.

20th century[]

Earliest known persecution of Kurds was after World War I, the newly declared Turkish Republic leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk repudiated the Treaty of Sèvres which proposed a referendum be conducted in the Kurdish homeland. As a result, conflict continued between the Turkish military and the Kurds. This conflict still exists today.

After the Dersim rebellion, 13,160 civilians were killed by the Turkish Army and 11,818 people were exiled, depopulating the province.[1] Nuri Dersimi stated that many tribesmen were killed after surrendering, and women and children were locked into haysheds which were then lit on fire.[2] 30,000 Kurds were massacred by the Turkish Army after the rebellion.[3]

The Zilan massacre killed about 15,000 Kurdish civilians and the Zilan River was full to the brim with dead bodies.[4][5][6][7]

The Kuşkonar massacre killed 38 people, 13 in Koçağılı and 25 in Kuşkonar. Most of the victims were children, women or elderly, including seven babies. 13 people were injured.[8] Later the Turkish Armed Forces blamed the PKK and used the massacre as propaganda. The Turkish government refused to start investigating despite complaints of surviving villagers.[8][9]

The 3-year-long Anfal campaign Killed 50,000 to 100,000 non-combatant Kurdish civilians.[10] Kurdish officials claimed the figure could be as high as 182,000.[11] 1,754 schools, 270 hospitals, 2,450 mosques, 90% of the Kurdish villages were destroyed.;[12]

21st century[]

The 2021 Konya massacre was the killing of a Kurdish family in Turkey. 4 women and 3 men were killed as a result.[13][14] According to an interview given by members of the family to Duvar, the attackers where close to the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) who did not want to permit Kurds to live in the neighborhood.[15]

The Roboski massacre was the killings of 40 Kurdish villagers on the night of December 28, 2011. They were coming from Iraq towards the Turkish border. They were mostly teenagers from the Encü family of Ortasu (in Kurdish: Roboskî) in the Uludere district of Şırnak Province, Turkey.[13] They were smuggling cigarettes, diesel oil and other goods into Turkey, riding on mules.[16][17][18]

Later in 2020, Pro-Iran protesters torched Kurdish party offices in Baghdad.[19]

References[]

  1. ^ "Resmi raporlarda Dersim katliamı: 13 bin kişi öldürüldü", Radikal, November 19, 2009. (in Turkish)
  2. ^ "The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937-38) Page 4" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-21. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
  3. ^ Gerlach, Christian (2016). The Extermination of the European Jews. Cambridge University Press. p. 401. ISBN 978-0-521-88078-7. But by far the bloodiest violence targeted Kurds during the Dersim uprising of 1937–38, when Turkish troops massacred about 30,000 people.
  4. ^ Yusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, ... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15.000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur... (in Turkish)
  5. ^ Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, p. 211, Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ... (in Turkish)
  6. ^ , "Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4" Archived 2011-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, Taraf, October 23, 2008, Retrieved August 16, 2010. (in Turkish)
  7. ^ Ayşe Hür, "Bu kaçıncı isyan, bu kaçıncı harekât?" Archived 2012-09-18 at the Wayback Machine, Taraf, December 23, 2007, Retrieved August 16, 2010. (in Turkish)
  8. ^ a b "The European Court of Human Rights: Case of Benzer and others v. Turkey" (PDF) (Mass execution of Kurdish villagers). 24 March 2014: 57. Retrieved 29 December 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ "HÜLYA DİNÇER YAZDI: Hakikatin Gücü, Barışmanın İmkânı". Bianet - Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  10. ^ GENOCIDE IN IRAQ Human Rights Watch, 1993
  11. ^ The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988 The Anfal Campaign PBS Frontline
  12. ^ "List of the churches been demolished by Saddam Hussein's regime" (PDF). Capiraq.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  13. ^ a b "Konya massacre: 'Turkey must confront racist hatred'". Bianet. 2 August 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ "Angriff auf kurdische Familie in Konya: Sieben Tote - UPDATE". Firat News Agency (in German). 2 August 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ "Turkish ultranationalists attack Kurdish neighbors in Turkey's Konya". Gazete Duvar. 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2021-08-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ^ "Uludere'de Sağ Kurtulan Encü Anlattı". Aktif Haber (in Turkish). 2012-01-02. Archived from the original on 2012-01-08. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
  17. ^ "Questions grow over Uludere intel failure". Hürriyet Daily News. Archived from the original on 2013-12-30. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
  18. ^ "35 Tabuta Kilometrelerce Gözyaşı". Haberler (in Turkish). 2011-12-30. Archived from the original on 2012-01-08. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
  19. ^ "Pro-Iran protesters torch Kurd party offices in Baghdad".
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