Peruvian Segunda División
| Founded | 1943 |
|---|---|
| Country | Peru |
| Number of teams | 13 |
| Level on pyramid | 2 |
| Promotion to | Liga 1 |
| Relegation to | Copa Perú |
| Domestic cup(s) | Copa Bicentenario |
| Current champions | Atlético Grau (2021) |
| Most championships | Carlos Concha Ciclista Lima Deportivo Municipal Guardia Republicana Mariscal Sucre Sport Boys Unión Callao Unión Huaral (3 titles each) |
| TV partners | Movistar's Gol Perú |
| Current: 2022 season | |
The Liga 2 (Ligue 2) of Peru is the second-highest division in the Peruvian football league system. It is a professional and promotional division organized by the Peruvian Football Federation. After years of changing numbers of clubs, as of 2021 the league includes 12 clubs.
History[]
The format of the Second Division has changed over the years. For decades after it was first formed in 1936, only clubs from the Department of Lima participated in the annual tournament. The winner was promoted to the Primera Division Peruana (First Division), the professional league.
- 1988-1990, the winner was promoted to the Regional Metropolitan League (Torneo Metropolitano Regional).
- 1991, there was no promotion because the First Division was undergoing major changes.
- 1992, the format changed again. This time the winner of the tournament would play against the winners of the northern, southern and central regions in order to be promoted.
- 1993-1997, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used.
- 1998, the winner of the Second Division played a game against the second-to-last placed club of the First Division, to determine which would be in the First Division.
- 1999-2003, the former system of promotion and relegation was used.
- 2004-2008, a new format was adopted, in which the winner and runner-up of the Second Division would play in the Round of 16 of the Copa Perú.
- 2009, the winner of the tournament was promoted to the First Division, while the last team was relegated from the tournament and played in the 2010 edition of the Copa Perú. Their places were taken by the two relegated clubs of the First Division, and the team that finished in third place in the 2009 Copa Perú.
- 2010, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used. Two teams left the tournament before its start which reduced the number of teams participating back to ten.
- 2011, Ten teams played a home and way tournament and split the second half into two groups, the top five teams from the previous stage decided the Champion while the bottom five fought against relegation.
- 2012, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used. Two teams left the tournament before its start which reduced the number of teams to ten and automatically relegated them to the 2013 edition of the Copa Peru.
- 2013, the leagues was expanded to 16 teams. A rigorous financial stability check was implemented which only 14 teams passed. Two teams were relegated to the 2014 edition of the Copa Peru.
Competition format and sponsorship[]
Since 2006, the winner of the tournament is promoted to the First Division, while the last two teams are relegated from the tournament to the Departamental Stage of the Copa Perú. Their places are taken by the two relegated clubs from the First Division, and the team that finishes second place in the Copa Perú.
Sponsorship[]
Liga 2 is sponsored by Movistar's Gol Perú which has exclusive broadcasting rights.
Criticisms[]
The Segunda División has received numerous criticisms, chiefly due to the lack of stability in the process of competition and promotion, and the lack of professionalism.[1]
Team count[]
The Segunda División has changed the number of teams that operate in the league several times. Over the course of 74 years, the Segunda has had as few as four teams and as many as 16. The early Segunda División were played with an average number of teams ranging from 4 to 10. Prior to the current 12-club Segunda División, during the 2000s, the team count continued to fluctuate between 10, 12, 14, 16 and even a surprising 13. For example, 12 teams competed in 2009, 10 competed in 2008, 11 competed in 2007, and 12 teams competed from 2004-2006. The over-all goal of the organization is to have a stable league of 16 teams.
Artificial turf[]
Several stadiums used in the second division have artificial grass installed for the so-called massification of sport.[2] Most stadiums in Peru are owned by the IPD (Instituto Peruano del Deporte), which is the state group responsible for supporting the use of artificial turf. This has been severely criticized by top division teams and the media. At first, these artificial turfs were installed for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Cup; however, more artificial turf was installed in other stadiums after the U-17 World Cup concluded.[3] These turfs are criticized for having a negative influence on the game and for the injuries which they cause to players.
Clubs[]
Currently, 13 clubs participate in Liga 2. There are currently no teams from the Lima Metropolitan area with all clubs representing cities from the country's interior. The number of clubs has fluctuated season by season from 10 to 16 teams participating in the tournament.
Ciclista Lima, Unión Huaral, Deportivo Municipal, Guardia Republicana, Mariscal Sucre, Unión Callao, Telmo Carbajo, Sport Boys, Unión Gonzáles Prada, and Carlos Concha trail behind with 3 titles. Universidad César Vallejo, Total Clean, Cobresol, José Gálvez, Los Caimanes, and Comerciantes Unidos are the only clubs outside the metropolitan area of Lima to have won a Segunda Division championship. In addition, Alianza Lima, Atlético Chalaco, Centro Iqueño, Defensor Lima, Municipal, Mariscal Sucre, San Agustín, Sport Boys, and Unión Huaral are the only teams that have been champions of the First and Second Division.
Since the Second Division became a nation-wide tournament in 2006, 20 of the 25 regions have had representative teams in the Segunda División/Liga 2. The only five regions that have never had a representative are Amazonas, Huancavelica, Madre de Dios, Pasco, and Tumbes.
Stadia and Locations[]
| Team | City | Stadium[4] | Capacity[5] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alfonso Ugarte | Puno | 20,030 | |
| Alianza Universidad | Huánuco | Heraclio Tapia | 25,000 |
| Comerciantes Unidos | Cutervo | Juan Maldonado Gamarra | 12,000 |
| Cusco | Cusco | Garcilaso | 42,056 |
| Deportivo Coopsol | San Vicente de Cañete | 5,000 | |
| Deportivo Llacuabamba | Cajamarca | Héroes de San Ramón | 18,000 |
| Juan Aurich | Chiclayo | 2,000 | |
| Los Chankas | Andahuaylas | Monumental de Condebamba | 10,000 |
| Pirata | Olmos | Francisco Mendoza Pizarro | 5,000 |
| Santos | Nasca | José Picasso Peratta | 8,000 |
| Sport Chavelines | Pacasmayo | 2,000 | |
| Unión Comercio | Nueva Cajamarca | IPD de Moyobamba | 12,000 |
| Unión Huaral | Huaral | Julio Lores Colan | 10,000 |
Champions[]
Peruvian Segunda División had amateur status since its foundation until 1987. In the course of this era, Telmo Carbajo, Ciclista Lima, Unión Callao, Carlos Concha and Mariscal Sucre shared the most titles. The first run from 1936 to 1987 featured clubs only from Lima and Callao. In 1988 the league obtained professional status and in 2006 expanded the league to the entire nation, beginning the Segunda División Nacional.
Segunda División Metropolitana (1943–1987)[]
Segunda División Metropolitana Profesional (1988–2005)[]
Segunda División Nacional (2006–2018)[]
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Deportivo Municipal | Universidad San Marcos | Deportivo Aviación |
| 2007 | Universidad César Vallejo | Atlético Minero | UTC |
| 2008 | Total Clean | Inti Gas | Sport Águila |
| 2009 | Sport Boys | Cobresol | Deportivo Coopsol |
| 2010 | Cobresol | Sport Áncash | Hijos de Acosvinchos |
| 2011 | José Gálvez | Deportivo Coopsol | Alianza Unicachi |
| 2012 | Pacífico | Deportivo Coopsol | Los Caimanes |
| 2013 | Los Caimanes | Alfonso Ugarte | Atlético Torino |
| 2014 | Deportivo Municipal | Deportivo Coopsol | Carlos A. Mannucci |
| 2015 | Comerciantes Unidos | Los Caimanes | Atlético Torino |
| 2016 | Cantolao | Sport Ancash | Cienciano |
| 2017 | Sport Boys | Universidad César Vallejo | Hualgayoc |
| 2018 | Universidad César Vallejo | Carlos A. Mannucci | Cienciano |
Liga 2 (2019–present)[]
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Cienciano | Alianza Atlético | Juan Aurich |
| 2020 | Alianza Atlético | Juan Aurich | Unión Huaral |
| 2021 | Atlético Grau | Carlos Stein | Sport Chavelines |
| 2022 |
Titles by club[]
Titles by region[]
| Region | Nº of titles | Clubs |
|---|---|---|
 Lima
|
45 | Ciclista Lima (4), Unión Huaral (4), Deportivo Municipal (3), Guardia Republicana (3), Mariscal Sucre (3), Unión Gonzáles Prada (3), Alcides Vigo (2), Defensor Lima (2), Olímpico Aurora (2), Porvenir Miraflores (2), América Cochahuayco (1), AELU (1), Association Chorrillos (1), Centro Iqueño (1), Compañía Peruana de Teléfonos (1), Defensor Arica (1), Deportivo Aviación (1), Enrique Lau Chun (1), Juventud La Palma (1), Lawn Tennis (1), Mariscal Castilla (1), Pacífico (1), San Agustín (1), Santiago Barranco (1), Sport Coopsol (1), Internazionale (1), Unión América (1) |
 Callao
|
20 | Carlos Concha (3), Unión Callao (3), Sport Boys (3), Hijos de Yurimaguas (2), Jorge Chávez (C) (2), KDT Nacional (2), SIMA (2), Atlético Chalaco (1), ADO (1), Cantolao (1), Telmo Carbajo (1) |
 La Libertad
|
2 | Universidad César Vallejo (2) |
 Piura
|
2 | Alianza Atlético (1), Atlético Grau (1) |
 Ancash
|
1 | José Gálvez (1) |
 Arequipa
|
1 | Total Clean (1) |
 Cajamarca
|
1 | Comerciantes Unidos (1) |
 Cusco
|
1 | Cienciano (1) |
 Lambayeque
|
1 | Los Caimanes (1) |
 Moquegua
|
1 | Cobresol (1) |
See also[]
- Peruvian football league system
- Copa Perú
- Ligas Departamentales del Peru
- Ligas Superiores del Peru
- Ligas Distritales del Peru
References[]
- ^ Becker, Wolfy (6 March 2007). "The dreadful situation of Peruvian football". Wolfy Becker. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "Woodman: "No habrá cambio de césped en el Elías Aguirre"" [There will not be changes to the field in the Elías Aguirre] (in Spanish). Peru.com. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
Agregó que de ninguna manera se cambiara el césped sintético a los demás estadios del país que tienen este tipo de gramado. 'Nosotros estamos para masificar el deporte y el pasto sintético es un tema apoyado por la FIFA.... Además sí se puede jugar al fútbol, como se juega en todos lados' subrayó Woodman.
- ^ "Three Companies re-sign agreement". FIFA. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
Polytan Sportstättenbau GmbH, the German-based company, won the tender for installing 4 fields in Peru, all of which were used for the FIFA U-17 World Championship Peru 2005. This was the first time a FIFA Final tournament was played entirely on artificial turf.
[dead link] - ^ Most stadiums are owned by the Instituto Peruano del Deporte (IPD).
- ^ "Peru". fussballtempel.net. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
External links[]
- FPF Official Federation Website
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- Peruvian Segunda División
- Football leagues in Peru
- Second level football leagues of South America