Phalangiotarbi

Phalangiotarbi Temporal range: Early Devonian–Early Permian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Goniotarbus angulatus fossil, dorsal and ventral views
Reconstruction of Goniotarbus angulatus and Mesotarbus peteri
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	†Phalangiotarbi Haase, 1890
Families
Currently 4 families, see text for details.
Synonyms
Architarbi Phalangiotarbida

Phalangiotarbi (Haase, 1890) is an extinct arachnid order first recorded from the Early Devonian of Germany and most widespread in the Upper Carboniferous coal measures of Europe and North America. The last species are known from the early Permian Rotliegend of Germany.

The affinities of phalangiotarbids are obscure, with most authors favouring affinities with Opiliones (harvestmen) and/or Acari (mites and ticks). Phalangiotarbida has been recently (2004) proposed to be sister group to (Palpigradi+Tetrapulmonata): the taxon sensu Shultz (1990).^[1]

, described as a harvestman in the family Nemastomoididae, is actually a poorly preserved phalangiotarbid.^[2]

Names[]

The order is also called Phalangiotarbida, the ending -ida originated when Petrunkevitch (1955) tried to standardize the endings of the arachnid orders, which is unnecessary and unwarranted according to the ICZN. Nevertheless, Phalangiotarbida has become the more widespread usage in the recent literature.^{[citation needed]}

Architarbi Petrunkevitch, 1945 is a synonym.^{[citation needed]}

Taxa included[]

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• Family Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
  • Genus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
    • Species Anthracotarbus hintoni Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
• Family Karsch, 1882
  • Genus Scudder, 1868
    • Species Architarbus hoffmanni Guthörl, 1934 (Jr synonyms Opiliotarbus kliveri Waterlot, 1934; Goniotarbus sarana Guthörl, 1965)
    • Species Architarbus minor Petrunkevitch, 1913
    • Species Architarbus rotundatus Scudder, 1868
  • Genus Rößler & Schneider, 1997
    • Species Bornatarbus mayasii Haupt in Nindel, 1955
  • Genus Poschmann, Anderson & Dunlop, 2005
    • Species Devonotarbus hombachensis Poschmann, Anderson & Dunlop, 2005
  • Genus Petrunkevitch, 1913
    • Species Discotarbus deplanatus Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Genus Scudder, 1890
    • Species Geratarbus lacoei Scudder, 1890
    • Species Geratarbus bohemicus Petrunkevitch, 1953
  • Genus Petrunkevitch, 1953
    • Species Goniotarbus angulatus Pocock, 1911
    • Species Goniotarbus tuberculatus Pocock, 1911
  • Genus Melander, 1903
    • Species Hadrachne horribilis Melander, 1903
  • Genus Petrunkevitch, 1945
    • Species Leptotarbus torpedo Pocock, 1911
  • Genus Petrunkevitch, 1949
    • Species Mesotarbus angustus Pocock, 1911
    • Species Mesotarbus eggintoni Pocock, 1911
    • Species Mesotarbus hindi Pocock, 1911
    • Species Mesotarbus intermedius Petrunkevitch, 1949
    • Species Mesotarbus peteri Dunlop & Horrocks, 1997
  • Genus Petrunkevitch, 1913
    • Species Metatarbus triangularus Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Genus Petrunkevitch, 1945
    • Species Ootarbus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1945
    • Species Ootarbus ovatus Petrunkevitch, 1945
  • Genus Petrunkevitch, 1945
    • Species Orthotarbus minutus Petrunkevitch, 1913
    • Species Orthotarbus robustus Petrunkevitch, 1945
    • Species Orthotarbus nyranensis Petrunkevitch, 1953
  • Genus Petrunkevitch, 1945
    • Species Paratarbus carbonarius Petrunkevitch, 1945
  • Genus Haase, 1890
    • Species Phalangiotarbus subovalis Woodward, 1872
  • Genus Darber, 1990
    • Species Pycnotarbus verrucosus Darber, 1990
  • Genus Patrick, 1989
    • Species Triangulotarbus terrehautensis Patrick, 1989
• Family Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Genus Petrunkevitch, 1913
    • Species Heterotarbus ovatus Petrunkevitch, 1913
• Family Petrunkevitch, 1949
  • Genus Pocock, 1910
    • Species Opiliotarbus elongatus Scudder, 1890
• nomina dubia
  • litoralis Kušta, 1888
  • Nemastomoides depressus Petrunkevitch, 1913

References[]

Bibliography[]

• Petrunkevitch, Alexander I. (1955): Arachnida. pp. 42–162 in Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology, part P. Arthropoda 2 (R.C. Moore, ed.). Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
• Shultz, Jeffrey W.(1990): Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida. Cladistics 6: 1-38.
• Dunlop, Jason A. (1997): Palaeozoic arachnids and their significance for arachnid phylogeny. Proceedings of the 16th European Colloquium of Arachnology 65-82. - Abstract
• Pollitt, Jessica R.; Braddy, Simon J. & Dunlop, Jason A. (2004): The phylogenetic position of the extinct arachnid order Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890, with reference to the fauna from the Writhlington Geological Nature Reserve (Somerset, UK). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 94(3): 243-259. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000651 - PDF available on request
• Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9

Further reading[]

• Dunlop, Jason A. & Horrocks, Carl A. (1997): Phalangiotarbid arachnids from the Coal Measures of Lancashire, UK. Geological Magazine 134: 369-381. doi:10.1017/S0016756897007073