Mesostigmata
| Mesostigmata Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Varroa destructor | |
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| Dermanyssus sp. probably Dermanyssus gallinae | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Superorder: | Parasitiformes |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Suborders[1] | |
| |
| Diversity | |
| about 130 families, 900 genera, > 8,000 species | |
Mesostigmata is an order of mites belonging to the Parasitiformes. They are by far the largest group of Parasitiformes, with over 8,000 species in 130 families. Mesostigmata includes parasitic as well as free-living and predatory forms. They can be recognized by the single pair of spiracles positioned laterally on the body.
The family with the most described species is Phytoseiidae. Other families of note are Diplogyniidae, Macrochelidae, Pachylaelapidae, Uropodidae and Veigaiidae.
Amongst the best known species are Varroa destructor, an economically important parasite of honey bees, as well as the red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) a parasite of poultry, most commonly chickens.
The oldest known record of the group is an indeterminate deutonymph belonging to Sejidae from the mid Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber of Myanmar.[2]
Taxonomy[]
Taxonomy to families (Beaulieu 2011). Genus and species counts fluctuate over time.[1][3]
- Order Mesostigmata G. Canestrini, 1891
- Suborder Monogynaspida Camin & Gorirossi, 1955
- Infraorder Kramer, 1881
- Hyporder Johnston, 1982
- Superfamily Arctacaroidea Evans, 1955
- Family Arctacaridae Evans, 1955 (2 genera, 6 species)
- Superfamily Arctacaroidea Evans, 1955
- Hyporder Dermanyssiae Evans & Till, 1979
- Superfamily Voigts & Oudemans, 1905
- Family Ameroseiidae Evans, 1961 (10 genera, 148 species)
- Family Ascidae Voigts & Oudemans, 1905 (17 genera, 338 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1962 (12 genera, 201 species)
- Superfamily Dermanyssoidea Kolenati, 1859
- Family Dasyponyssidae Fonseca, 1940 (2 genera, 2 species)
- Family Dermanyssidae Kolenati, 1859 (2 genera, 26 species)
- Family Entonyssidae Ewing, 1923 (9 genera, 27 species)
- Family Haemogamasidae Oudemans, 1926 (5 genera, 78 species)
- Family Halarachnidae Oudemans, 1906 (7 genera, 43 species)
- Family Hystrichonyssidae Keegan, Yunker & Baker, 1960 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Family Kramer, 1886 (14 genera, 68 species)
- Family Ixodorhynchidae Ewing, 1923 (6 genera, 43 species)
- Family Laelapidae Berlese, 1892 (90 genera, 1316 species)
- Family Larvamimidae Elzinga, 1993 (6 genera, 43 species)
- Family Macronyssidae Oudemans, 1936 (34 genera, 233 species)
- Family Manitherionyssidae Radovsky & Yunker, 1971 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Family Omentolaelapidae Fain, 1961 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Family Rhinonyssidae Trouessart, 1895 (8 genera, 510 species)
- Family Spelaeorhynchidae Oudemans, 1902 (1 genus, 7 species)
- Family Spinturnicidae Oudemans, 1901 (12 genera, 101 species)
- Family Varroidae Delfinado & Baker, 1974 (2 genera, 6 species)
- Superfamily Berlese, 1913
- Family Eviphididae Berlese, 1913 (19 genera, 108 species)
- Family Leptolaelapidae Karg, 1978 (12 genera, 48 species)
- Family Macrochelidae Vitzthum, 1930 (20 genera, 470 species)
- Family Pachylaelapidae Berlese, 1913 (26 genera, 199 species)
- Family Parholaspididae Evans, 1956 (12 genera, 96 species)
- Superfamily Berlese, 1916
- Family Blattisociidae Garman, 1948 (11 genera, 369 species)
- Family Otopheidomenidae Treat, 1955 (10 genera, 28 species)
- Family Phytoseiidae Berlese, 1916 (90 genera, 2300 species)
- Family Podocinidae Berlese, 1913 (2 genera, 25 species)
- Superfamily Rhodacaroidea Oudemans, 1902
- Family Digamasellidae Evans, 1957 (13 genera, 261 species)
- Family Halolaelapidae Karg, 1965 (4 genera, 80 species)
- Family Laelaptonyssidae Womersley, 1956 (1 genus, 6 species)
- Family Ologamasidae Ryke, 1962 (45 genera, 452 species)
- Family Rhodacaridae Oudemans, 1902 (15 genera, 148 species)
- Family Teranyssidae Halliday, 2006 (15 genera, 148 species)
- Superfamily Oudemans, 1939
- Family Veigaiidae Oudemans, 1939 (4 genera, 95 species)
- Superfamily Voigts & Oudemans, 1905
- Hyporder Kramer, 1885
- Superfamily Berlese, 1885
- Family Epicriidae Berlese, 1885 (4 genera, 48 species)
- Superfamily Walter, 1997
- Family Heatherellidae Walter, 1997 (1 genus, 2 species)
- Superfamily G. Canestrini, 1891
- Family Coprozerconidae Moraza & Lindquist, 1999 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Family Zerconidae G. Canestrini, 1891 (36 genera, 390, species)
- Superfamily Berlese, 1885
- Hyporder Evans & Till, 1979
- Superfamily Parasitoidea Oudemans, 1901
- Family Parasitidae Oudemans, 1901 (35 genera, 426 species)
- Superfamily Parasitoidea Oudemans, 1901
- Hyporder Johnston, 1982
- Infraorder Kramer, 1881
- Superfamily Trägårdh, 1946
- Family Diarthrophallidae Trägårdh, 1946 (22 genera, 63 species)
- Superfamily Trägårdh, 1942
- Family Microgyniidae Trägårdh, 1942 (2 genera, 4 species)
- Family Nothogynidae Walter & Krantz, 1999 (1 genus, 2 species)
- Superfamily Halbert, 1915
- Family Protodinychidae Evans, 1957 (1 genus, 3 species)
- Family Thinozerconidae Halbert, 1915 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Superfamily Kramer, 1881
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 3 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (2 genera, 18 species)
- Family Trägårdh, 1944 (2 genera, 19 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 4 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 32 species)
- Family Deraiophoridae Trägårdh, 1952 (1 genus, 36 species)
- Family Dinychidae Berlese, 1916 (1 genus, 34 species)
- Family Discourellidae Baker & Wharton, 1952 (1 genus, 76 species)
- Family Trägårdh, 1944 (1 genus, 36 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 9 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 6 species)
- Family Macrodinychidae Hirschmann, 1979 (4 genera, 22 species)
- Family Metagynuridae Balogh, 1943 (2 genera, 17 species)
- Family Nenteriidae Hirschmann, 1979 (2 genera, 128 species)
- Family Oplitidae Johnston, 1968 (8 genera, 163 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 10 species)
- Family Polyaspididae Berlese, 1913 (1 genus, 16 species)
- Family Berlese, 1917 (3 genera, 16 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (4 genera, 165 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 15 species)
- Family Trachytidae Trägårdh, 1938 (7 genera, 108 species)
- Family Trachyuropodidae Berlese, 1917 (17 genera, 99 species)
- Family Trematuridae Berlese, 1917 (13 genera, 401 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (5 genera, 57 species)
- Family Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 11 species)
- Family Trigonuropodidae Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 87 species)
- Family Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol, 1964 (3 genera, 67 species)
- Family Trägårdh, 1944 (3 genera, 26 species)
- Family Urodinychidae Berlese, 1917 (13 genera, 267 species)
- Family Uropodidae Kramer, 1881 (9 genera, 261 species)
- Superfamily Trägårdh, 1946
- Infraorder Kramer, 1881
- Suborder Sejida Kramer, 1885
- Superfamily Berlese, 1892
- Family Discozerconidae Berlese, 1910 (2 genera, 3 species)
- Family Heterozerconidae Berlese, 1892 (7 genera, 13 species)
- Superfamily Berlese, 1885
- Family Ichthyostomatogasteridae Sellnick, 1953 (3 genera, 10 species)
- Family Sejidae Berlese, 1885 (5 genera, 46 species) (5 genera, 46 species)
- Family Camin, 1955 (1 genus, 6 species)
- Superfamily Berlese, 1892
- Suborder Trigynaspida Camin & Gorirossi, 1955
- Infraorder Antennophorina Camin & Gorirossi, 1955
- Superfamily Kethley, 1977
- Family Kethley, 1977 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Family Kim, 2008 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Family Messoracaridae Kethley, 1977 (2 genera, 3 species)
- Family Ptochacaridae Kethley, 1977 (1 genus, 3 species)
- Superfamily Berlese, 1892
- Family Antennophoridae Berlese, 1892 (6 genera, 19 species)
- Superfamily Berlese, 1892
- Family Celaenopsidae Berlese, 1892 (7 genera, 14 species)
- Family Costacaridae Hunter, 1993 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Family Diplogyniidae Trägårdh, 1941 (42 genera, 85 species)
- Family Euzerconidae Trägårdh, 1938 (12 genera, 24 species)
- Family Megacelaenopsidae Funk, 1975 (2 genera, 2 species)
- Family Neotenogyniidae Kethley, 1974 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Family Schizogyniidae Trägårdh, 1950 (6 genera, 10 species)
- Family Triplogyniidae Funk, 1977 (2 genera, 11 species)
- Superfamily Trägårdh, 1937
- Family Fedrizziidae Trägårdh, 1937 (3 genera, 34 species)
- Family Klinckowstroemiidae Camin & Gorirossi, 1955 (4 genera, 36 species)
- Superfamily Berlese, 1914
- Family Hoplomegistidae Camin & Gorirossi, 1955 (1 genus, 7 species)
- Family Megisthanidae Berlese, 1914 (1 genus, 30 species)
- Superfamily Trägårdh, 1946
- Family Paramegistidae Trägårdh, 1946 (5 genera, 30 species)
- Superfamily Willmann, 1941
- Family Parantennulidae Willmann, 1941 (3 genera, 5 species)
- Family Philodanidae Kethley, 1977 (2 genera, 2 species)
- Family Promegistidae Kethley, 1977 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Superfamily Kethley, 1977
- Infraorder Camin & Gorirossi, 1955
- Superfamily Trägårdh, 1937
- Family Asternoseiidae Vale, 1954 (2 genera, 3 species)
- Family Cercomegistidae Trägårdh, 1937 (5 genera, 13 species)
- Family Davacaridae Kethley, 1977 (2 genera, 4 species)
- Family Pyrosejidae Lindquist & Moraza, 1993 (2 genera, 3 species)
- Family Saltiseiidae Walter, 2000 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Family Seiodidae Kethley, 1977 (1 genus, 1 species)
- Superfamily Trägårdh, 1937
- Infraorder Antennophorina Camin & Gorirossi, 1955
- Suborder Monogynaspida Camin & Gorirossi, 1955
- Other
- Fain & Flechtmann, 1985 has not yet been placed into a family.
References[]
- ^ a b Beaulieu, Frédéric (2011). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.). "Superorder Parasitiformes: In: Zhang, Z-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness". Zootaxa. 3148. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1. ISSN 1175-5326.
- ^ Joharchi, Omid; Vorontsov, Dmitry D.; Walter, David Evans (2021-09-14). "Oldest determined record of a mesostigmatic mite (Acari: Mesostigmata: Sejidae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber". Acarologia. 61 (3): 641–649. doi:10.24349/goj5-bzms. ISSN 0044-586X.
- ^ "Mesostigmata". GBIF. Retrieved 2021-10-31.
- "Mesostigmata". Natureserve. Archived from the original on May 25, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- NCBI: Mesostigmata
External links[]
- Ornithonyssus bursa, tropical fowl mite on the University of Florida / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Featured Creatures website
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mesostigmata. |
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Wikispecies has information related to Mesostigmata. |
| Acariformes |
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| Parasitiformes |
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Categories:
- Mesostigmata
- Arachnid orders
- Mesostigmata stubs