Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve

Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerves
Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerves
	Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the associated vessels and nerves. (Pharyngeal plexus visible but not labeled.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	plexus pharyngeus nervi vagi
TA98	A14.2.01.159
TA2	6338
FMA	6236
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

The pharyngeal plexus is a network of nerve fibers innervating most of the palate and pharynx. (Larynx, which is innervated by superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve (CN X), is not included)

It is located on the surface of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle.^[1]

Sources[]

Although the Terminologia Anatomica name of the plexus has "vagus nerve" in the title, other nerves make contributions to the plexus.

It has the following sources:^[2]

CN IX – pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve – sensory
CN X – pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve – motor
superior cervical ganglion sympathetic fibers – vasomotor

Because the cranial part of accessory nerve (CN XI) leaves the jugular foramen as a part of the CN X, it is sometimes considered part of the plexus as well.^[2]

Innervation[]

Sensory[]

The pharyngeal plexus provides sensory innervation of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx from CN IX and CN X. (The nasopharynx above the pharyngotympanic tube and the torus tubarius is innervated by CN V₂).

Motor[]

The pharyngeal plexus, with fibers from CN IX, CN X, and cranial part of CN XI, innervates all the muscles of the pharynx (except stylopharyngeus, which is innervated directly by a branch of CN IX).

This includes the following muscles: palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, musculus uvulae, the pharyngeal constrictors, salpingopharyngeus plus others.

Note that the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are innervated by the vagus nerve but not by the pharyngeal plexus. Instead, they are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, branches of the vagus.

Additional images[]

Pharyngeal plexus
Pharyngeal plexus

References[]

^ "pharyngeal plexus (anatomy)". GPnotebook.
^ ^a ^b Jerry L. Gadd; James L. Oschman; Hiatt, James L.; Leslie P. Gartner; Gartner, Leslie P. (2001). Textbook of head and neck anatomy. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 229. ISBN 0-7817-2166-0.

[1] "pharyngeal plexus (anatomy)". GPnotebook.

[isbn0-7817-2166-0-2] Jerry L. Gadd; James L. Oschman; Hiatt, James L.; Leslie P. Gartner; Gartner, Leslie P. (2001). Textbook of head and neck anatomy. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 229. ISBN 0-7817-2166-0.

[1]

[2]