This is a good article. Click here for more information.
Page semi-protected

Pikachu

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Pikachu (disambiguation).

Pikachu
Pokémon character
Pokémon Pikachu art.png
Pikachu, as depicted in promotional artwork for Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen
First appearance
Designed by
Portrayed by
  • Jennifer Risser (Pokémon Live!)
  • Ryan Reynolds (Detective Pikachu film)
Voiced by
In-universe information
Species
Gender♂ Male / ♀ Female
Fighting styleElectric type
OriginKanto (Generation I)

Pikachu[c] is a species of Pokémon, fictional creatures that appear in an assortment of media of the Pokémon franchise by The Pokémon Company. Pikachu is a yellow mouse-like Pokémon with powerful electrical abilities. Pikachu is the best-known species of Pokémon, largely due to its appearance in the anime series as the starter Pokémon of the protagonist, Ash Ketchum. Pikachu is a major character of the Pokémon franchise as well as its mascot, and has become an icon of Japanese pop culture in recent years, as well as one of the major mascots for Nintendo.

Pikachu's design was conceived by Atsuko Nishida and finalized by Ken Sugimori.[1] Pikachu first appeared in Pokémon Red and Green in Japan, and later in the first internationally released Pokémon video games, Pokémon Red and Blue, for the Game Boy.

In most vocalized appearances, including the anime and certain video games, it is primarily voiced by Ikue Ōtani. Pikachu also appeared in the primary cast of the live-action animated film Pokémon Detective Pikachu, performed in CGI and voiced by Ryan Reynolds, as well as in every installment of the Super Smash Bros. series, including Katy Perry's music video Electric.

Concept and design

Pikachu as depicted in promotional artwork for Pokémon Red and Blue, its first appearance

Developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo, the Pokémon series began in Japan in 1996, and features several species of creatures called "Pokémon" that players, called "trainers", are encouraged to capture, train, and use to battle other players' Pokémon or interact with the game's world.[5] Pikachu was one of several different Pokémon designs conceived by Game Freak's character development team. Artist Atsuko Nishida is credited as the main person behind Pikachu's design,[6][7] which was later finalized by artist Ken Sugimori.[8][9] According to series producer Satoshi Tajiri, the name is derived from a combination of two Japanese onomatopoeia: ピカピカ (pikapika), a sparkling sound, and チュウチュウ (chūchū), a sound a mouse makes.[10] Despite its name's origins, however, Nishida based Pikachu's generation 1 design, especially its cheeks, on squirrels.[11] Developer Junichi Masuda noted Pikachu's name as one of the most difficult to create, due to an effort to make it appealing to both Japanese and American audiences.[12]

Standing 40 centimetres (1 ft 4 in) tall, Pikachu was the first "Electric-type" Pokémon created, their design intended to revolve around the concept of electricity.[13] They appear as Pika-like[14] creatures that have short, yellow fur with brown markings covering their backs and parts of their lightning bolt-shaped tails. They have black-tipped, pointed ears and red circular pouches on their cheeks, which can spark with electricity.[15] In Pokémon Diamond and Pearl, gender differences were introduced; a female Pikachu now has an indent at the end of its tail, giving it a heart-shaped appearance. They attack primarily by projecting electricity from their bodies at their targets.[16] Within the context of the franchise, a Pikachu can transform, or "evolve," into a Raichu when exposed to a "Thunder Stone."[17] In later titles, an evolutionary predecessor was introduced named "Pichu", which evolves into a Pikachu after establishing a close friendship with its trainer.[18]

Initially, both Pikachu and fellow Pokémon Clefairy were chosen to be lead characters for the franchise merchandising, with the latter as the primary mascot to make the early comic book series more "engaging". However, with the production of the animated series, Pikachu was chosen as the primary mascot, in an attempt to appeal to female viewers and their mothers, and because it was believed that Pikachu presented the image of a recognizable intimate pet to children. Its color was also a deciding factor, as yellow is a primary color and easier for children to recognize from a distance, and with consideration to the fact that the only other competing yellow mascot at the time was Winnie-the-Pooh.[19] Though Tajiri acknowledged that the character was relatively popular with both boys and girls, the idea of Pikachu as the mascot was not his own, with the company responsible for the production of the animated series OLM, Inc. giving the suggestion to utilize Pikachu's potential to Game Freak, and stated he felt the human aspect of the series was overlooked by Japanese children who embraced Pikachu by itself more readily.[20][21] Pikachu was originally going to have a second evolution called Gorochu, which was intended to be the evolved form of Raichu.[22][23]

Pikachu's design has evolved from its once-pudgy body to having a slimmer waist, straighter spine, and more defined face and neck; Sugimori has stated these design changes originated in the anime, making Pikachu easier to animate, and were adopted to the games for consistency.[24] "Fat Pikachu" was revisited in Pokémon Sword and Shield, where Pikachu received a Gigantamax Form resembling its original design.[25][26][27] With the Gigantamax Form, Pikachu gains access to the G-Max Move G-Max Volt Crash, which paralyzes all opponents.[28]

Appearances

In video games

In the video games, Pikachu is a Pokémon which has appeared in all of the games, except Black and White, without having to trade.[29] In comparison to other Pokémon from its debut generation, Pikachu is decidedly mediocre; while it has a very high Speed statistic for the game, its offensive capabilities are underwhelming and it is defensively very frail. Pikachu was mostly noteworthy to players as the first Electric-type Pokémon available; not even its stronger evolved form, Raichu, was considered a worthwhile member of a competitive team.

As Pikachu's notoriety in popular culture grew, far outpacing its rather limited role in the original games, Game Freak began to give it more and more powers in future games. The game Pokémon Yellow features a Pikachu as the only available Starter Pokémon. Based on the Pikachu from the Pokémon anime, it refuses to stay in its Poké Ball, and instead follows the main character around on screen. The trainer can speak to it and it displays different reactions depending on how it is treated.[30] Pokémon Yellow followed the anime series closely, with Pikachu as a central character.[31] Pikachu also received the ability to learn several new attacks naturally as it grew stronger, including the best Electric-type attack, Thunderbolt, which no other Pokémon could learn by leveling up.

As an Electric-type Pokémon, Pikachu and its evolved form, the stronger Raichu, fared very poorly against Ground-type Pokémon, especially the Ground/Rock Pokémon.

Pokémon Let's Go, which is based heavily on Yellow, has Pikachu as a starter in one of its two versions, with the latter version using Eevee instead.[32] This starter Pikachu has access to several secret techniques and exclusive moves.[33][34]

In Pokémon Emerald, Pikachu and its evolutionary family gained Volt Tackle as a signature move, learned by the Pichu hatched from an Egg made by a Pikachu or Raichu holding a Light Ball.[35] It can also be learned by Pikachu directly through events and tutors. An event from April 1 to May 5, 2010, allowed players of Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver to access a route on the Pokéwalker, which solely contained Pikachu which knew attacks that they were not normally compatible with, Surf and Fly.[36] Both of these attacks can be used outside battles as travel aids. Seven "Cap" forms of Pikachu, wearing caps belonging to Ash Ketchum across different seasons, were released across Pokémon Sun and Moon as well as their Ultra versions.[37] These games also released two Z-Crystals exclusive to Pikachu: Pikanium Z, which upgrades Volt Tackle into Catastropika, and Pikashunium Z,[38] which upgrades Thunderbolt into 10,000,000 Volt Thunderbolt when held by a Cap form of Pikachu.[39] Gigantamax Pikachu has access to the unique G-Max Move Volt Crash, which deals damage and paralyzes all opponents on the field.[25]

Aside from the main series, Pikachu stars in Hey You, Pikachu! for the Nintendo 64. The player interacts with Pikachu through a microphone, issuing commands to play various mini-games and act out situations.[40] The game Pokémon Channel follows a similar premise of interacting with the Pikachu, though without the microphone.[41] Pikachu appear in almost all levels of Pokémon Snap and its sequel, New Pokémon Snap,[42] games where the player takes pictures of Pokémon for a score. A Pikachu is one of the sixteen starters and ten partners in the Pokémon Mystery Dungeon series.[43] PokéPark Wii: Pikachu's Adventure and its sequel, PokéPark 2: Wonders Beyond,[44] features a Pikachu as the main protagonist.[45] Pikachu has also appeared in all five Super Smash Bros. games as a playable character,[46] as well as an amiibo character. It appears as a playable fighter in Pokkén Tournament, along with "Pikachu Libre", based on "Cosplay Pikachu" from Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire.[47][48] It has also appeared in Pokémon Rumble World,[49] Pokémon Go,[50] and also puzzle games such as Pokémon Shuffle, Pokémon Battle Trozei, Pokémon Picross[51] Pokémon Café Mix,[52] and Pokémon Legends: Arceus.[53] Detective Pikachu features a talking Pikachu who becomes a detective and helps to solve mysteries,[54] while Pikachu also appears in the multiplayer online battle arena game Pokémon UNITE.[55]

In anime

Ash receiving his Pikachu in the first episode of the Pokémon anime, Pokémon, I Choose You!

The Pokémon anime series and films feature the adventures of Ash Ketchum and his Pikachu, traveling through the various regions of the Pokémon universe. They are accompanied by a group of alternating friends, including Misty, Brock, Tracey, May, Max, Dawn, Iris, Cilan, Bonnie, Serena, Clemont, Lillie, Kiawe, Mallow, Lana, Sophocles, and Goh.

In the first episode, Ash Ketchum, a young boy from Pallet Town, turns 10 years old and is ready to acquire his first Pokémon. Hopeful to become a Pokémon Master, the night before he receives his starter Pokémon (either Squirtle, Charmander or Bulbasaur) he has a dream where he is catching a Pokémon and actually, while sleeping, physically breaks his alarm clock (designed like a Poke Ball). Ash quickly runs to Professor Oak's lab, where he finds out all the starter Pokémon have been given away. Professor Oak tells Ash there is one more Pokémon, a male Pikachu. At first, Pikachu largely ignores Ash's requests, shocking him frequently and refusing to be confined to the conventional method of Pokémon transportation, a Poké Ball. However, Ash puts himself in danger to defend Pikachu from a flock of wild Spearow,[56] then rushes the electric mouse to a Pokémon Center. Through these demonstrations of respect and unconditional commitment to Pokémon, Pikachu warms up to Ash, and their friendship is formed. However, he still refuses to go into his Poké Ball. Soon after, Pikachu shows great power that sets him apart from other Pokémon, and other Pikachu, which causes Team Rocket to constantly attempt to capture him in order to win favor from their boss, Giovanni.[57] Only once had Ash almost released Pikachu, and that was in the episode "Pikachu's Goodbye", because Ash thought Pikachu would be happier living in a colony of wild Pikachu, but Pikachu chose him instead.[58] During one of the episode of Pocket Monster when Pikachu was arrested, Kotaku mocked and stated that it might be the first time Ash's Pikachu has been arrested in the anime.[59]

Other wild and trained Pikachu appear throughout the series, often interacting with Ash and his Pikachu. The most notable among these is Ritchie's Pikachu, Sparky (レオン, Reon, Leon).[60] Like most other Pokémon, Pikachu communicates only by saying syllables of his own name. He is voiced by Ikue Ōtani in all versions of the anime. In Pokémon Live!, the musical stage show adapted from the anime, Pikachu was played by Jennifer Risser.[61]

In film

In the 2019 film Pokémon Detective Pikachu, a detective Pikachu is voiced by Ryan Reynolds and Ōtani.[62][63] Pikachu is featured in a 2021 Katy Perry music video, Electric.[64]

In other Pokémon media

Pikachu is one of the main Pokémon used in many of the Pokémon manga series. In Pokémon Adventures, main characters Red and Yellow both train Pikachu, which create an egg that Gold hatches into a Pichu. Other series, including Magical Pokémon Journey and Getto Da Ze also feature Pikachu while other manga series, such as Electric Tale of Pikachu,[65] and Ash & Pikachu, feature the most well known Pikachu belonging to Ketchum in the anime series.[65]

Reception

Promotion

A Toyota Ist customized to resemble Pikachu
The ANA Boeing 747-400 airplane painted with Pikachu and other Pokémon (visible: Clefairy, Togepi, Mewtwo, and Snorlax)

As the mascot of the franchise, Pikachu has made multiple appearances in various promotional events and merchandise. In 1998, then Topeka, Kansas Mayor Joan Wagnon renamed the town "Topikachu" for a day,[66] and a "got milk?" advertisement featured Pikachu on April 25, 2000.[67] Pikachu has also always been a popular character amongst Pokémon card collectors, along with Charizard. A rare Pikachu card sold for over $200,000 after a bidding war,[68] while the 1998 Japanese promo card "Pikachu Illustrator" psa 7 nrmt was sold for $375,000.[69] A Pikachu balloon has been featured in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade since 2001.[70] The original balloon was flown for the last time publicly at the Pokémon: Tenth Anniversary "Party of the Decade" on August 8, 2006, in Bryant Park in New York City,[71][72][73][74] and a new Pikachu balloon that chases a Poké Ball and has light-up cheeks debuted at the 2006 parade.[75] In the 2014 parade, a new Pikachu balloon was wearing a green scarf and holding a smaller Pikachu snowman.[76] In 2020, somehow during the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, a giant Pikachu balloon was floated on Manhattan's skyscrapers.[77] Pikachu and ten other Pokémon were chosen as Japan's mascots in the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[78] In August 2017, The Pokémon Company had partnered with Snap Inc. to bring Pikachu to the social media app, Snapchat.[79] In December 2020, a 15-minute long ASMR video of Pikachu by The Pokémon Company was released.[80] An image of Pikachu has been featured on the ANA Boeing 747-400 (JA8962),[81] including JAM Corporation as inflatable air.[82] In 2021, the first Pokémon Jet (Boeing 747-400D) of Pikachu and other Pokémon was also covered.[83] Pikachu has been made into several different toy and plush forms, as well as other items. These items include a Tomy takara Tomy Pikachu,[84] Moods figure,[85] bonzai figures,[86] fishing lures,[87] gaming setups,[88] necklace,[89] a Pikachu hat,[90] Alcremie milk-styled drinks,[91] McDonald's desserts,[92] a mashup Pikachu and Xenomorph figure,[93] electric shock,[94] and a Centipede plush has been also made.[95]

Collectible cards featuring Pikachu have appeared since the initial Pokémon Trading Card Game released in October 1996, including limited edition promotional cards. One of these collectible cards was "Pikachu Illustrator", limited to about 20-40 printed in 1998, and was auctioned off for about $55,000 in 2016.[96] For the franchise's 25th anniversary, The Pokémon Company announced special trading cards in 2021, each featuring 25 Pikachu drawn by 25 artists.[97] The character has also been used in promotional merchandising at fast-food chains such as McDonald's, Wendy's and Burger King.[98][99][100][101]

During the first episode of the 11th season of Top Gear, presenter Richard Hammond compared an image of the Tata Nano to one of Pikachu, stating, "they've saved money on the styling 'cause they've just based it on this."[102] In the episode "Dual" of the third season of Heroes, Hiro Nakamura is nicknamed "Pikachu" by Daphne Millbrook, much to his chagrin. He is called this again by Tracy Strauss, after which he excuses himself before punching her in the face.[103] The Chilean independent politician Giovanna Grandón famously went to many protests during the 2019 protests dressed in an inflatable Pikachu suit.[104] In July 2021 during the climate protest, Group of Seven, dressed as Pikachus, demonstrated on Gyllyngvase Beach, Falmouth.[105]

Pikachu has appeared several of times on The Simpsons. In the 2002 episode "Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade", Bart Simpson has a hallucination while taking a test in class and envisages his classmates as various television characters, one of which is Pikachu.[106] Maggie Simpson appeared as a Pikachu in a couch gag during the opening sequence of the 2003 episode "'Tis the Fifteenth Season".[107] The couch gag was used a second time for the 2004 episode "Fraudcast News".[108] In the 2010 episode "Postcards from the Wedge", Bart is distracted from his homework by an episode of Pokémon. After watching Ash Ketchum talk to his Pikachu, he muses how the show has managed to stay fresh over the years.[109]

Biology

In 2008, a ligand believed to provide better visual acuity was discovered by the  [ja] and named "Pikachurin", in reference to the nimbleness of Pikachu.[110] The name was inspired due to Pikachu's "lightning-fast moves and shocking electric effects".[111]

Critical response

Pikachu has been well received by reviewers; it was ranked as the "second best person of the year" by Time in 1999, who called it "the most beloved animated character since Hello Kitty". The magazine noted Pikachu as the "public face of a phenomenon that has spread from Nintendo's fastest selling video game to a trading-card empire", citing the franchise's profits for the year as "the reason for the ranking", behind singer Ricky Martin but ahead of author J.K. Rowling.[112]

The character was ranked eighth in a 2000 Animax poll of favorite anime characters.[113] In 2002, Ash's Pikachu received 15th place in TV Guide's 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time.[114] GameSpot featured it in their article "All Time Greatest Game Hero".[115] In 2003, Forbes ranked Pikachu as the "eighth top-earning fictional character of the year" with an income of $825 million.[116] In 2004, the character dropped two spots to tenth on the list, taking in $825 million for a second straight year.[117] In a 2008 Oricon poll, Pikachu was voted as the fourth most popular video game character in Japan, tying with Solid Snake.[118] The character has been regarded as the Japanese answer to Mickey Mouse[119] and as being part of a movement of "cute capitalism".[81] Pikachu was listed 8th in IGN's "Top 25 Anime Characters of All Time."[120] Manga artist Hiro Mashima referred to Pikachu as "the greatest mascot character of all time!" when talking about adding these types of characters to series.[121] Nintendo Power listed Pikachu as their ninth favourite hero, noting that while it was one of the first Pokémon, it still remained "popular to this day".[122] Authors Tracey West and Katherine Noll called Pikachu the best Electric-type Pokémon and the best Pokémon overall. They added that if a person were to go around and ask Pokémon players who their favourite Pokémon was, they would "almost always" choose Pikachu. They also called Pikachu "brave and loyal".[123] In 2011, readers of Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition voted Pikachu as the 20th-top video game character of all time.[124] Zack Zwiezen of Kotaku described Pikachu as a popular and cute character that overshadows an entire show or franchise, and further thanked the character for saving all of us from horrible timeline.[125] Kevin Slackie of Paste listed Pikachu as second of the best Pokémon.[126] Dale Bishir of IGN described Pikachu as the most important Pokémon that impacted the franchise's history, and further stated that "Its irresistible cuteness, merchandising power, army of clones in every generation... if your mom calls every Pokémon 'Pikachu', then you know in your heart that it is the most important Pokémon of all time."[127] In 2019, Mitsuhiro Arita said that Pikachu and Charizard were "fan favourites" in Pokémon's design on the trading cards.[128] Lauren Rouse of Kotaku listed Pikachu as the best animal companions that are the real MVPs of video games, stating that "Pikachu symbolises one of the best animal-human friendships in pop culture history and it makes a damn good Pokémon to have in your roster."[129] Steven Bogos of The Escapist listed Pikachu as third of their favorite Pokémon, describing it as the "one of the cutest little monsters of all".[130] Time Magazine named Pikachu as one of the twelve most influential video game characters of all time, lauding its appearance as the "most recognizable and beloved sidekick in pop culture."[131] Hobby Consolas also included Pikachu on their "30 best heroes of the last 30 years."[132] In 2021, Chris Morgan for Yardbarker described Pikachu as one of "the most memorable characters from old school Nintendo games".[133]

Conversely, Pikachu was ranked first in AskMen's top 10 of the most irritating 1990s cartoon characters.[134] Similarly, in a poll conducted by IGN, it was voted as the 48th best Pokémon, with the staff commenting "despite being the most recognized Pokémon in the world... Pikachu ranks surprisingly low on our top 100".[135] Kotaku writer Patricia Hernandez criticized Pikachu's over-representation in Pokémon-related media, saying: "it's hard not to be barraged by Pikachu's constant presence if you're a Pokémon fan, and it sucks."[136]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ episode 67
  2. ^ episode 78
  3. ^ Japanese: ピカチュウ, Hepburn: Pikachū, pronounced [pikatɕɯː], English: /ˈpiːkətʃuː/

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b "'Pokemon' Designers Reveal The Secret Behind Pikachu's Creation". GAMING. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  2. ^ HAL Laboratory. Super Smash Bros. Nintendo. Scene: Ending credits, 0:53 in, Voice.
  3. ^ HAL Laboratory. Super Smash Bros. Melee. Nintendo. Scene: Ending credits, 0:26 in, Voice.
  4. ^ "ニュース｜映画『名探偵ピカチュウ』公式サイト". movie-news.jp (in Japanese). May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
  5. ^ Game Freak (September 30, 1998). Pokémon Red and Blue, Instruction manual. Nintendo. pp. 6–7, 11.
  6. ^ Sarkar, Samit (May 29, 2013). "Harvest Moon creator's Hometown Story leads Natsume's E3 slate". Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  7. ^ Bailey, Kat (September 16, 2015). "The New Zygarde Form is a Reminder of How Hard it is to Design a Good Pokémon". USGamer.net. Gamer Network. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  8. ^ Staff. "2. 一新されたポケモンの世界". Nintendo.com (in Japanese). Nintendo. p. 2. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
  9. ^ Stuart Bishop (May 30, 2003). "Game Freak on Pokémon!". CVG. Archived from the original on January 16, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2008.
  10. ^ "The Ultimate Game Freak". Time Asia. 154 (20): 2. November 22, 1999. Archived from the original on May 1, 2010. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
  11. ^ "Pikachu Wasn't Based On A Mouse, But A Squirrel". Kotaku.
  12. ^ Noble, McKinley (March 23, 2009). "Pokemon Platinum: Developer Interview!". GamePro. Archived from the original on March 27, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2009.
  13. ^ 『ポケットモンスター』スタッフインタビュー (in Japanese). Nintendo. Retrieved June 6, 2009.
  14. ^ "Pika vs Pikachu". apps.voxmedia.com. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  15. ^ Game Freak (April 22, 2007). Pokémon Diamond (Nintendo DS). Nintendo.
  16. ^ "Pokémon: Every Pikachu Look, Ranked from Worst to Best". August 31, 2020.
  17. ^ "Ash's Pikachu May Finally Evolve into Raichu in Pokémon Journeys". August 24, 2020.
  18. ^ "Pokemon Premiere Reveals Pikachu's Emotional Evolution from a Pichu".
  19. ^ Tobin 2004, pp. 63–64.
  20. ^ Hillard, Kyle (August 17, 2017). "Pokémon's Creators On The Anime: 'We Weren't Really Sure About It'". Game Informer. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  21. ^ "The Ultimate Game Freak". Time Asia. 154 (20): 1. November 22, 1999. Archived from the original on May 1, 2010. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
  22. ^ "Pikachu Originally Had A Second Evolution Called 'Gorochu' With Large Fangs And Two Horns". May 3, 2018.
  23. ^ Knezevic, Kevin (October 15, 2018). "Don't Expect Pikachu's Lost Evolution, Gorochu, To Appear In A Pokemon Game". GameSpot. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
  24. ^ Carvalho, Jared (December 25, 2019). "Here's Why Pokemon Changed Fat Pikachu". Game Rant. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  25. ^ a b Sanchez, Miranda (January 13, 2019). "Fat Pikachu Is Back for Pokemon Sword and Shield Trailer and We're All Ec-Static". IGN. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  26. ^ F, Matt (July 8, 2020). "Pokémon: The 5 Best Gigantamax Designs (& The 5 Worst)". Game Rant. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  27. ^ "GIGANTAMAX POKÉMON are coming to the Pokémon Sword and Pokémon Shield games!". my.nintendo.com. October 18, 2019. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  28. ^ Sanchez, Miranda (October 17, 2019). "Fat Pikachu Is Back for Pokemon Sword and Shield Trailer and We're All Ec-Static". IGN. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  29. ^ "Pikachu Pokemon – Pokédex". IGN. December 26, 2013. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
  30. ^ Craig Harris (October 19, 1999). "Pokemon Yellow: Special Pikachu Edition – Game Boy Review at IGN". IGN. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
  31. ^ Shinn, Gini (2004). "Case Study: First Generation Pokèmon Games for the Nintendo Game Boy" (PDF).
  32. ^ Plagge, Kallie (May 29, 2018). "Pokemon Let's Go Pikachu And Let's Go Eevee Announced For Nintendo Switch". GameSpot. Archived from the original on May 30, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  33. ^ "Secret techniques, exclusive moves, and more revealed in latest Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Pokémon: Let's Go, Eevee! announcement". nintendo.com. September 9, 2019. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  34. ^ Frank, Allegra (November 15, 2018). "Should you choose Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu or Eevee?". Polygon. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  35. ^ "Pokémon Emerald - Volt Tackle". www.serebii.net. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  36. ^ Lucas M. Thomas (April 1, 2010). "Take a Pokewalk Through the Yellow Forest – Nintendo DS News at IGN". IGN. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
  37. ^ "Pokémon Sun and Moon players have one week to get Pikachu clad in Ash's original hat". Polygon. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
  38. ^ Knezevic, Kevin (October 24, 2017). "Last Free Pikachu For Pokemon Sun And Moon Available Now For A Limited Time". GameSpot. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
  39. ^ Osborn, Alex (March 13, 2017), "Pokemon Sun and Moon to Get Adorable Hat-Wearing Pikachu - IGN", website, retrieved March 19, 2021
  40. ^ Hey You, Pikachu! Nintendo. Retrieved July 17, 2006.
  41. ^ Mary Jane Irwin (December 4, 2003). "Pokemon Channel – GameCube Review at IGN". IGN. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
  42. ^ "The 20 best Pokémon games of all time". September 16, 2021.
  43. ^ Lynn, Lottie (March 6, 2020). "Pokémon Mystery Dungeon Rescue Team DX: Pokémon personality quiz, answers and playable Pokémon explained".
  44. ^ Walker, Joe (March 21, 2012). "PokéPark 2: Wonders Beyond Review (Wii)". Nintendo Life. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  45. ^ Nintendo officially announces PokePark Wii Joystiq. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  46. ^ "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Character Profiles: Pikachu". www.shacknews.com.
  47. ^ "Pikachu, Suicune, and Gardevoir announced for Pokkén Tournament". Destructoid. January 23, 2015.
  48. ^ "'Pokkén Tournament' To Be Released On Wii U Next Year". Forbes. August 21, 2015.
  49. ^ Craddock, Ryan (February 8, 2021). "Pokémon Rumble Developer Ambrella Has Been Acquired And Dissolved By Creatures Inc". Nintendo Life. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  50. ^ Phillips, Tom (June 21, 2021). "Pokémon Go adding new costumed Pikachu just for Okinawa islands of Japan". Euro Gamer. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  51. ^ Webster, Andrew (February 23, 2021). "Pokémon's spinoffs are the series at its most adventurous". The Verge. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  52. ^ Burch, Jennifer (July 22, 2020). "More surprises in Pokémon Café Mix: Pikachu returns, new orders available, more". Nintendo Wire. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  53. ^ Linder, Natalie (June 14, 2021). "Abandoned Pokémon Game Mechanics Legends: Arceus Could Bring Back". Screen Rant. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  54. ^ "Bizarre Pokémon game Detective Pikachu is real, out next week in Japan". Eurogamer. January 26, 2016.
  55. ^ Fahey, Mike (June 28, 2021). "Pokémon Unite Is As Simple And Approachable As A MOBA Gets". Kotaku. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  56. ^ Takeshi Shudō (writer) (September 8, 1998). "Pokémon - I Choose You!". Pokémon. Season Indigo League. Episode 1. Various.
  57. ^ Shinzō Fujita (writer) (September 9, 1998). "Pokémon Emergency!". Pokémon. Season Indigo League. Episode 2. Various.
  58. ^ Junki Takegami (writer) (November 20, 1998). "Pikachu's Goodbye". Pokémon. Season Indigo League. Episode 37. Various.
  59. ^ Ashcraft, Brian (May 21, 2021). "Pikachu Just Got Arrested On The Pokémon TV Anime". Kotaku. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  60. ^ Shōji Yonemura (writer) (November 20, 1999). "A Friend In Deed". Pokémon. Season Indigo League. Episode 78. Various.
  61. ^ "YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
  62. ^ Page-Kirby, Kristen. "Ryan Reynolds plays Pikachu in the new Pokémon movie. It's way better than it sounds". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  63. ^ Richards, Will (May 6, 2021). "'Detective Pikachu' star says the film's sequel has been scrapped". NME. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  64. ^ McWhertor, Michael (May 14, 2021). "Watch Katy Perry and Pikachu's new music video, 'Electric'". Polygon. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  65. ^ a b "Animerica Interview Toshihiro Ono." VIZ Media. May 10, 2000. Retrieved on May 31, 2009.
  66. ^ Staff (November 1999). "What's the Deal with Pokémon?". Electronic Gaming Monthly (124): 172.
  67. ^ "Pikachu Guzzles Milk to Become Most Powerful Pokemon". Business Wire. May 25, 2000. Archived from the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
  68. ^ Carpenter, Nicole (October 29, 2019). "Rare Pikachu card sells for over $200,000 after bidding war". Polygon. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  69. ^ Zwiezen, Zach (July 3, 2021). "The Top 10 Most Valuable Pokémon Cards In History". Kotaku. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  70. ^ Fahey, Mike (November 24, 2016). "The History Of Gaming Balloons In The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade". Kotaku. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  71. ^ Zappia, Corina (August 8, 2006). "How Has Pokémon Not Died Yet?". NY Mirror. The Village Voice. Retrieved May 18, 2009.
  72. ^ Clark, Roger (August 8, 2006). "Pokemon Mania Takes Over Bryant Park". NY1 News. Archived from the original on September 18, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2009.
  73. ^ Sekula, Anna (August 17, 2006). "Gamers Crowd Bryant Park for Pokemon Tournament". BizBash. BizBash Media Inc. Archived from the original on July 21, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2009.
  74. ^ "Pokémon Party of the Decade". Bryantpark.org. December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
  75. ^ Whitt, Tom (May 23, 2006). "Pikachu Soars as Trial Balloon for a Safer Macy's Parade". Retrieved July 29, 2008.
  76. ^ LeBoeuf, Sarah (November 3, 2014). "Holiday-Themed Pikachu Making Debut in Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade". Defy Media, LLC. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
  77. ^ McWhertor, Michael (November 23, 2020). "Pikachu's up to something for the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade". Polygon. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  78. ^ Salvador Borboa (March 12, 2014). "Pikachu Named Japan's Official Mascot In Brazil 2014 World Cup". The Beautiful Game LLC. Archived from the original on November 12, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  79. ^ "Snapchat adds a Pikachu filter for your kawaii pokémon needs". The Verge. August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
  80. ^ McWhertor, Michael (December 4, 2020). "New Pokémon ASMR video just lets you hang out with Pikachu for 15 minutes". Polygon. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  81. ^ a b Allison, Anne (2002) The Cultural Politics of Pokémon Capitalism Media in Transition 2: globalization and convergence Archived April 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  82. ^ Leung, Ambrose (September 20, 2020). "Enjoy Pikachu at Home With JAM Corp's Inflatable Pokémon AIR Release". Hype Beast. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  83. ^ Ashcraft, Brian (June 24, 2021). "Japan Gets A New Pokémon Airplane And It's Glorious". Kotaku. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  84. ^ Heather, Recce (April 8, 2021). "'Talk! Norinori Pikachu' is a Pokémon robot toy by Takara Tomy that will talk, sing, and dance its way to Japan on July 17th". Nintendo Wire. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  85. ^ Burch, Jennifer (April 9, 2021). "Pokémon Center debuts Pikachu Moods figure collection with Sleepy Pikachu". Nintendo Wire. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  86. ^ Watts, Steve (May 11, 2021). "Adorable New Pokemon Collectibles Are Here: Bonsai Figures, Life-Size Pikachu, And More". GameSpot. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  87. ^ Kiya, Andrew (March 2, 2021). "New Pokemon Fishing Lures Help You Catch Em' All". Siliconera. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  88. ^ Lai, Adrian (October 15, 2020). "Electrify Your Gaming Setup With These Pikachu-Themed Razer Gear". IGN. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  89. ^ Liu, Stephanie (October 15, 2020). "U-Treasure Pikachu Necklace Costs Over 20,000 Yen". Siliconera. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  90. ^ Zhang, Charlie (July 10, 2020). "Wear Pikachu On Your Head With CA4LA's Latest Pokémon Collab". HypeBeast. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  91. ^ Kaliroff, Marc (March 29, 2021). "Alcremie milk-styled drinks arrive at Pokémon Café and Pikachu Sweets locations this April". Nintendo Wire. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  92. ^ Toby M (June 11, 2021). "McDonald's Japan releases trio of Pikachu-themed fruit desserts for summer". Japan Today. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  93. ^ Neill, Chris (May 27, 2021). "Xenomorph Pikachu Is The Creature Of Both My Dreams And Nightmares". Kotaku. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  94. ^ McGee, Oona (March 23, 2021). ""Electric Shock Warning! Electric shock Pikachu" released in Japan". SoraNews24. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  95. ^ Williams, Leah (March 9, 2021). "Existence Is Horrifying Just Like This Long Pikachu Centipede Plush". Kotaku. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  96. ^ Whitten, Sarah (November 21, 2016). "World's most valuable Pokemon card sold at auction for more than $54,000". www.cnbc.com. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  97. ^ "New Pokémon Card Shows 25 Pikachu Drawn By 25 Iconic Artists". Kotaku. July 14, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
  98. ^ "The Pojo – TCG Set Lists McDonald's Campaign Expansion Set". Retrieved June 4, 2008.
  99. ^ "Fastfoodtoys.Net Pokémon 2000 Toys". Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
  100. ^ "Restaurant chain entertainment promotions monitor, June 2003". Entertainment Marketing Letter. June 1, 2003. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
  101. ^ "Pokemon at Wendy's Promotion Begins!". May 20, 2003. Archived from the original on February 12, 2008. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
  102. ^ Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond, James May, The Stig (June 22, 2008). "Series 11, episode 1". Top Gear. Dunsfold Park. BBC 2.
  103. ^ Kubicek, John (December 15, 2008). "Heroes: Episode 3.13 "Dual," Volume 3 Finale Recap (Page 2/3)". Buddy TV. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
  104. ^ Anglesey, Anders (May 17, 2021). ""Aunt Pikachu" triumphs in Chile election to draft new constitution". Newsweek. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  105. ^ Drury, Colin (June 21, 2021). "'Nearly pasty point of no return': Pikachu, surfers and parades feature in colourful G7 climate protests". The Independent. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  106. ^ Steven Dean Moore (Director) (November 17, 2002). "Bart vs. Lisa vs. The Third Grade". The Simpsons. Season 14. Episode 3. Fox.
  107. ^ Steven Dean Moore (Director) (December 14, 2003). "'Tis the Fifteenth Season". The Simpsons. Season 15. Episode 7. Fox.
  108. ^ Bob Anderson (Director) (May 23, 2004). "Fraudcast News". The Simpsons. Season 15. Episode 22. Fox.
  109. ^ Mark Kirkland (Director) (March 14, 2010). "Postcards from the Wedge". The Simpsons. Season 21. Episode 14. Fox.
  110. ^ "Pikachurin, a dystroglycan ligand, is essential for photoreceptor ribbon synapse formation". Nature. July 20, 2008. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
  111. ^ Levenstein, Steve (July 24, 2008). "Lightning-Fast Vision Protein Named After Pikachu". Inventor Spot. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
  112. ^ "The Best (and Worst) of 1999: The Best People of 1999". Time. 154 (24). December 20, 1999. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 5, 2010.
  113. ^ "Gundam Tops Anime Poll". Anime News Network. September 12, 2000. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
  114. ^ TV Guide's 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time. Retrieved April 17, 2009. Archived December 27, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
  115. ^ "All Time Greatest Game Hero – The Standings". GameSpot. Archived from the original on September 18, 2009. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
  116. ^ Gisquet, Vanessa; Lagorce, Aude (September 25, 2003). "Top-Earning Fictional Characters". Forbes. Retrieved March 5, 2010.
  117. ^ Gisquet, Vanessa; Rose, Lacey (October 19, 2004). "Top Characters Gross $25B". Forbes. Retrieved March 5, 2010.
  118. ^ Ashcraft, Brian (October 4, 2009). "And Japan's Favorite Video Game Characters Are...?". Kotaku. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  119. ^ Tobin, Joseph (2002). "Pikachu's Global Adventure". In Cecilla von Feilitzen & Ulla Carlsson (eds.). Children, Young People and Media Globalisation (PDF). UNESCO. pp. 53–67. ISBN 91-89471-15-6. ISSN 1403-4700. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2009.
  120. ^ Chris Mackenzie (October 20, 2009). "Top 25 Anime Characters of All Time – Movies Feature at IGN". IGN. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
  121. ^ "New York Comic-Con 2017: Q&A with Fairy Tail Creator Hiro Mashima". Anime News Network. October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  122. ^ Nintendo Power 250th issue!. South San Francisco, California: Future US. 2010. pp. 40, 41.
  123. ^ West, Tracey; Noll, Katherine (2007). Pokémon Top 10 Handbook. pp. 20, 78. ISBN 9780545001618. Retrieved April 30, 2011.
  124. ^ Marchiafava, Jeff (February 16, 2011). "Guinness Names Top 50 Video Game Characters Of All Time". Game Informer. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  125. ^ Zwiezen, Zach (February 27, 2021). "Pikachu Gets More Powerful The More It Sleeps". Kotaku. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  126. ^ Slackie, Kevin (February 27, 2017). "The 100 Best Pokémon". Paste Magazine.
  127. ^ Bashir, Dale (March 4, 2021). "The 25 Most Important Pokemon That Impacted the Franchise's History". IGN. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  128. ^ James, Ford; West, Josh (September 5, 2019). ""People come up to me and say that's still their favourite Pokemon card": Mitsuhiro Arita reflects on 20 years of Pokemon's strangest and most iconic designs". GamesRadar+. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  129. ^ Rouse, Lauren (June 24, 2021). "7 Animal Companions That Are The Real MVPs Of Video Games". Kotaku. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  130. ^ Bogos, Steven (February 25, 2016). "Top 100 Pokemon – From 40 to 26". The Escapist. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  131. ^ Lisa Eadicicco; Alex Fitzpatrick; Matt Peckham (June 30, 2017). "The 15 Most Influential Video Game Characters of All Time". Time Magazine. Retrieved May 25, 2021. Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  132. ^ Herranz, Sonia (January 3, 2021). "Los 30 mejores héroes de los últimos 30 años". Hobby Consolas (in Spanish). Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  133. ^ Morgan, Chris (October 6, 2021). "The most memorable characters from old school Nintendo games". Yardbarker.
  134. ^ Murphy, Ryan. "Top 10: Irritating '90s Cartoon Characters". AskMen. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  135. ^ "Pikachu – #48 Top Pokémon – IGN". IGN. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  136. ^ Hernandez, Patricia (November 29, 2017). "Fuck Pikachu". Kotaku. Retrieved June 12, 2021.

Bibliography

  • Loe, Casey, ed. Pokémon Special Pikachu Edition Official Perfect Guide. Sunnydale, California: Empire 21 Publishing, 1999.
  • Barbo, Maria. The Official Pokémon Handbook. Scholastic Publishing, 1999. ISBN 0-439-15404-9.
  • Mylonas, Eric. Pokémon Pokédex Collector's Edition: Prima's Official Pokémon Guide. Prima Games, September 21, 2004. ISBN 0-7615-4761-4
  • Nintendo Power. Official Nintendo Pokémon FireRed Version & Pokémon LeafGreen Version Player's Guide. Nintendo of America Inc., August 2004. ISBN 1-930206-50-X
  • Nintendo Power. Official Nintendo Pokémon Emerald Player's Guide. Nintendo of America Inc., April 2005. ISBN 1-930206-58-5
  • Tobin, Joseph Jay, ed. (2004). Pikachu's Global Adventure: The Rise and Fall of Pokémon. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-3287-9.

Further reading

External links

Retrieved from ""