Platycerium

Platycerium
Platycerium bifurcatum from the Australian National Botanical Gardens, Canberra
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Suborder:	Polypodiineae
Family:	Polypodiaceae
Subfamily:	Platycerioideae
Genus:	Platycerium Desv.
Species
Platycerium alcicorne Platycerium bifurcatum Platycerium coronarium Platycerium grande Platycerium hillii Platycerium superbum Platycerium veitchii

Platycerium is a genus of about 18 fern species in the polypod family, Polypodiaceae. Ferns in this genus are widely known as staghorn or elkhorn ferns due to their uniquely shaped fronds. This genus is epiphytic and is native to tropical and temperate areas of South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Guinea.^[1]

Description[]

Platycerium sporophytes (adult plants) have tufted roots growing from a short rhizome that bears two types of fronds, basal and fertile fronds. Basal fronds are sterile, shield or kidney shaped and laminate against the tree and protect the fern's roots from damage and desiccation. In some Platycerium species the top margin of these fronds forms an open crown of lobes and thereby catches falling forest litter and water.

Fertile fronds bear spores on their undersurface, are dichotomous or antler shaped and jut out or hang from the rhizome. The spores are born in sporangia clustered in large sori that are usually positioned on the lobes or at the sinus between frond lobes.

Some species of Platycerium are solitary having only one rhizome. Other species form colonies when their rhizomes branch or when new rhizomes are formed from root tips. If the conditions are right the spores will germinate naturally on surrounding trees. Platycerium gametophytes are a small heart-shaped thallus.

Platycerium have diverged into four natural groups. Several Platycerium are strongly adapted to xeric conditions and the drought tolerating mechanism Crassulacean Acid Metabolism has been reported for P. veitchii.^[2]

Species[]

Image	Name	Distribution
	Platycerium alcicorne Desv .	Mozambique and Madagascar.
	Baker	Bolivia and Peru.
	Welw. ex Baker (Syn .: Platycerium elephantotis Schweinf.)	tropical Africa.
	Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C. Chr .	Australia states of New South Wales and Queensland.
	Platycerium coronarium (J. Koenig ex O. F. Müll.) Desv .	Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam.
	Baker	Madagascar only in the provinces of Antsiranana and Toamasina.
	Large antler fern (Platycerium grande (Fée) Kunze)	the Philippines.
	Platycerium hillii T. Moore (Also referred to as a variety of Platycerium bifurcatum var. Hillii (T. Moore) Domin)	Queensland and New Guinea.
	de Jonch. & Hennipman	Thailand and Indochina.
	Baker	Madagascar in the provinces of Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa and Toamasina.
	(Bonap.) Tardieu	Madagascar only in Ankarana, Bemaraha, Bemarivo, Montagne d’Ambre including Fôret d'Ambre.
	Christ	Malaysia, Sumatra and Kalimantan.
	Triangle antler fern ( (P. Beauv.) Desv.)	tropical Africa.
	Magnificent antler fern (Platycerium superbum de Jonch. & Hennipman)	Queensland.
	Platycerium veitchii (Underw.) C. Chr. (Syn .: Platycerium bifurcatum subsp. Veitchii (Underw.) Hennipman & M. C. Roos)	Queensland.
	Hook .	eastern India, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar and western Yunnan.
	Racib .	Papua New Guinea.
	T. Moore (Also referred to as a subspecies of Platycerium bifurcatum subsp. Willinckii (T. Moore) Hennipman & M. C. Roos ).	Sulawesi and Java

Cultivation[]

The species Platycerium bifurcatum and Platycerium superbum are commonly cultivated as ornamental plants. These oddly shaped ferns grow on trees and rocks and can be found in gardens, especially tropical gardens.

Staghorns can be propagated by spores produced on the underside of the fertile fronds. Colonial Platycerium can also be vegetatively propagated by carefully dividing large healthy ones into smaller, separate plants. These new plants can then be attached to board mounts or be strapped to trees until they take to the tree themselves.

A mature staghorn can grow more than 1 metre (3.3 ft) wide.

Gallery[]

• 

  Platycerium superbum at the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Australia

• 

  Platycerium bifurcatum from the Mendut Temple, Indonesia

• 

  Platycerium coronarium from Pahang, Malaysia

• 

  Platycerium grande from Bukidnon, Philippines

• 

  at Kaisaniemi Botanical Garden, Finland

References[]

• Holtum, Joseph A.M.; Klaus Winter (1999-01-01). "Degrees of crassulacean acid metabolism in tropical epiphytic and lithophytic ferns". Functional Plant Biology. 26 (8): 749–757. doi:10.1071/PP99001.

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