Polytminae

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Polytminae
Anthracothorax nigricollis (Mango pechinegro) - Macho (16247043591).jpg
Black-throated mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Subfamily: Polytminae
Reichenbach, 1849
Genera

12, see text

Polytminae is one of the six subfamilies of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The subfamily contains 12 genera with a total of 29 species.

The informal name "mangoes" has been proposed for this group as the seven species in the largest genus, Anthracothorax, include "mango" in their common name.[1]

Taxonomy[]

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the family consisted of nine clades.[2] When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they divided the nine clades into six subfamilies and proposed using the Latin name Polytminae for the "mango" clade, a name that had been introduced by Ludwig Reichenbach in 1849.[3][4]

The existence of this clade was not anticipated by pre-molecular studies but a common feature is the presence of serrations on the cutting edge of the bill. An extreme example is the tooth-billed hummingbird (Androdon aequatorialis).[5]

Trochilidae
 
 

Florisuginae – topazes

 
 

Phaethornithinae – hermits

 
 
 
 

Polytminae – mangoes

 
 
Lesbiinae
 

Heliantheini – brilliants

 
 

Lesbiini – coquettes

 
 
 
 

Patagoninae – giant hummingbird

 
Trochilinae
 
 

Lampornithini – mountain gems

 
 

Mellisugini – bees

 
 
 

Trochilini – emeralds

 
 
 
 
 
 

The above cladogram of the hummingbird family is based on molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014.[2][6][7] The English names are those introduced in 1997.[1] The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.[8]

Polytminae
 
 

Doryfera – lancebills

 
 
 

Schistes – daggerbills

 
 

Colibri – violetears

 
 
 
 
 
 

Heliactin – horned sungem

 
 
 

Androdon – tooth-billed hummingbird

 
 

Heliothryx – fairies

 
 
 
 
 

Polytmus – goldenthroats

 
 
 

Avocettula – fiery-tailed awlbill

 
 
 

Chrysolampis – ruby-topaz hummingbird

 
 

Anthracothorax and Eulampis – mangoes and caribs

 
 
 
 
 
 

The above cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships between the genera is based on a molecular study published in 2014. The genus Eulampis was found to be nested within Anthracothorax making Anthracothorax paraphyletic.[5][6] No species from the genus Augastes was sampled in the molecular studies but based on a comparison of plumage features and bill shapes it is believed that Augastes is closely related to Schistes.[5]

Taxonomic list[]

The subfamily includes the following twelve genera:[9]

Image Genus Living species
Doryfera ludovicae.jpg Doryfera
Schistes geoffroyi (Pico de cuña) (22653616465).jpg Schistes
Beija-flor-de-gravata-verde (Augastes scutatus) (2).JPG Augastes
Sparkling Violet-ear.jpg Colibri
Tooth-billed Hummingbird.jpg Androdon
Haeckel - Heliactin bilophus.jpg Heliactin
Black-eared Fairy (Heliothryx aurita).jpg Heliothryx
Polytmus guainumbi-White-tailed Goldenthroat.jpg Polytmus
MonographTrochi3Goul 0348.jpg Avocettula
Ruby-topaz-hummingbird chrysolampis-mosquitus-7042-cr1.jpg Chrysolampis
Anthracothorax nigricollis (Mango pechinegro) - Macho (16247043591).jpg Anthracothorax
Purple-throated carib hummingbird.jpg Eulampis

References[]

  1. ^ a b Bleiweiss, R.; Kirsch, J.A.; Matheus, J.C. (1997). "DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae)". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14 (3): 325–343. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767. PMID 9066799.
  2. ^ a b McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Altshuler, D.L.; Remsen, J.V. (2007). "Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy". Systematic Biology. 56 (5): 837–856. doi:10.1080/10635150701656360. PMID 17934998.
  3. ^ Reichenbach, Ludwig (1849). Avium Systema Naturale (in German). Dresden and Leipzig: Friedrich Hofmeister. Plate XXXIX.
  4. ^ Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 108.
  5. ^ a b c Remsen, J.V.J.; Stiles, F.G.; Mcguire, J.A. (2015). "Classification of the Polytminae (Aves: Trochilidae)". Zootaxa. 3957 (1): 143–150. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.13. PMID 26249062.
  6. ^ a b McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016. PMID 24704078.
  7. ^ McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Remsen, J.V.; Dudley, R.; Altshuler, D.L. (2009). "A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (1): 155–165. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x.
  8. ^ Dickinson & Remsen 2013, pp. 105–136.
  9. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 8 January 2020.

Sources[]

  • Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V., Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
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