Trochilini

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Trochilini
Red-billed streamertail( Trochilus polytmus) adult male 2.jpg
Red-billed streamertail (Trochilus polytmus)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Subfamily: Trochilinae
Tribe: Trochilini
Vigors, 1825
Genera

36, see text

Trochilini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Lampornithini (mountain gems) and Mellisugini (bees).

The informal name "emeralds" has been proposed for this group. Several genera contain species with "emerald" in their common name including Chlorostilbon which contains ten.[1]

The tribe contains 114 species divided into 36 genera.[2][3]

Phylogeny[]

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the species formed nine major clades.[4] When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they based their classification on these results and placed three of the nine clades in the subfamily Trochilinae. The clades were placed in separate tribes which they named Trochilini (emeralds), Lampornithini (mountain gems) and Mellisugini (bees).[5] The tribe Trochilini with the current circumscription was introduced in 2009.[6]

Trochilidae

Florisuginae – topazes

Phaethornithinae – hermits

Polytminae – mangoes

Lesbiinae

Heliantheini – brilliants

Lesbiini – coquettes

Patagoninaegiant hummingbird

Trochilinae

Lampornithini – mountain gems

Mellisugini – bees

Trochilini – emeralds

The above cladogram of the hummingbird family is based on molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014.[2][4][6] The English names are those introduced in 1997.[1] The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.[7]

Trochilini

Phaeoptila – dusky hummingbird

Riccordia – 6 species

Cynanthus – 5 species

Chlorostilbon – 10 species: emeralds

Basilinnia – 2 species

Pampa – 4 species: sabrewings

Klais – violet-headed hummingbird

Abeillia – emerald-chinned hummingbird

Orthorhynchus – Antillean crested hummingbird

Stephanoxis – 2 species: plovercrests

Anthocephala – 2 species: blossomcrowns

Campylopterus – 10 species

Microchera – 3 species

Goldmania – 2 species

Eupherusa – 5 species

Chalybura – 2 species: plumeleteers

Thalurania – 4 species: woodnymphs

Phaeochroa – scaly-breasted hummingbird

Leucippus – buffy hummingbird

Thaumasius – 2 species

Taphrospilus – many-spotted hummingbird

Eupetomena – 2 species

Talaphorus – 2 species

Trochilus – 2 species: streamertails

Leucolia – 3 species

Saucerottia – 10 species

Amazilia – 5 species

Amazilis – amazilia hummingbird

Uranomitra – Andean emerald

Chrysuronia – 9 species

Leucochloris – white-throated hummingbird

Chionomesa – 2 species: emeralds

Hylocharis – 2 species: sapphires

Elliotomyia – 2 species

Polyerata – 3 species

Chlorestes – 5 species

The above cladogram shows the revised classification of the Trochilini based on the molecular genetic study by McGuire published in 2014.[2] Many of the traditional genera were found to be polyphyletic and as a result the classification was substantially revised. Only one new genus was introduced (Elliotomyia) but eleven genera were resurrected (Phaeoptila, Riccordia, Pampa, Thaumasius, Talaphorus, Leucolia, Saucerottia, Amazilis, Uranomitra, Chionomesa and Polyerata). At the same time six of the former genera were synonymized (Aphantochroa, Cyanophaia, Elvira, Goethalsia, Juliamyia and Lepidopyga).[3][8]

Taxonomic list[]

The tribe contains 36 genera.[3]

Image Genus Living species
MonographTrochi5Goul 0236.jpg Phaeoptila
Kolibri-Kuba1.JPG Riccordia
Doubleday Hummingbird - Mexico S4E8781.jpg Cynanthus
Glittering-bellied Emerald.jpg Chlorostilbon
Zafiro Oreja Blanca, White Eared Hummingbird, Hylocharis leucotis (17015994576).jpg Basilinna
Rufous Sabrewing JCB.jpg Pampa
MonographTrochi4Goul 0042a.jpg Abeillia
Violet-headed Hummingbird (f) JCB.jpg Klais
Antillean crested hummingbird.jpg Orthorhyncus
Anthocephala floriceps.jpg Anthocephala
Stephanoxis lalandi -Campos do Jordao, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg Stephanoxis
Unbekannter kolibri.jpg Campylopterus
Chalybura urochrysia (male) crop.jpg Chalybura
ThaluraniaGlaucopis200805DarioSanches.jpg Thalurania
Snowcap (Microchera albocoronata).jpg Microchera
Violet-capped Hummingbird (cropped).jpg Goldmania
Black-bellied Hummingbird - La Paz - Costa Rica MG 2167 (26086455573).jpg Eupherusa
Scaly-breasted Hummingbird - Sarapiqui - Costa Rica S4E0291 (26084747394).jpg Phaeochroa
Leucippus fallax in Isla Margarita 2.jpg Leucippus
Spot-throated Hummingbird.jpg Thaumasius
Taphrospilus hypostictus, Many-spotted Hummingbird.jpg Taphrospilus
Flickr - Dario Sanches - AJUDE A AJUDAR COM O SEU OLHAR.jpg Eupetomena
Olive-spotted Hummingbird.jpg Talaphorus
Red-billed streamertail( Trochilus polytmus) adult male 2.jpg Trochilus
Cinnamon-sided Hummingbird.jpg Leucolia
Amazilia tobaci - perched.JPG Saucerottia
Rufous-tailed Hummingbird JCB.jpg Amazilia
Amazilia amazilia-4.jpg Amazilis
Andean Emerald (Amazilia franciae).jpg Uranomitra
Golden-tailed Sapphire JCB.jpg Chrysuronia
Leucochloris albicollis.jpg Leucochloris
BEIJA-FLOR-DE-GARGANTA-VERDE (Amazilia fimbriata).jpg Chionomesa
Hylocharis chrysura -Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil-8.jpg Hylocharis
White-bellied Hummingbird.jpg Elliotomyia
Blue-chested-hummingbird.png Polyerata
Blue-chinned sapphire (Chlorestes notata notata) male.jpg Chlorestes

References[]

  1. ^ a b Bleiweiss, R.; Kirsch, J.A.; Matheus, J.C. (1997). "DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae)". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14 (3): 325–343. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767.
  2. ^ a b c McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016.
  3. ^ a b c Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  4. ^ a b McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Altshuler, D.L.; Remsen, J.V. (2007). "Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy". Systematic Biology. 56 (5): 837–856. doi:10.1080/10635150701656360.
  5. ^ Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 131.
  6. ^ a b McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Remsen, J.V.; Dudley, R.; Altshuler, D.L. (2009). "A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (1): 155–165. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x.
  7. ^ Dickinson & Remsen 2013, pp. 105–136.
  8. ^ Stiles, F.G.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Mcguire, J.A. (2017). "The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny". Zootaxa. 4353 (3): 401–424. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3. PMID 29245495.

Sources[]

  • Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V., Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
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