Pontianak Sultanate
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Pontianak Sultanate Kesultanan Pontianak | |||||||||
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Status | Part of the Dutch East Indies (from 1779) | ||||||||
| Capital | Pontianak | ||||||||
| Common languages | Malay | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Islamic Absolute Monarchy | ||||||||
| Sultan | |||||||||
• 2017 - now | Syarif Mahmud Alkadrie | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 23 October 1771 | ||||||||
• Coronation | 1 September 1778 | ||||||||
• Integration with Indonesia | 17 August 1950 | ||||||||
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The Pontianak Sultanate (Malay: Kesultanan Pontianak) was an Islamic Malay state that existed on the western coast of the island of Borneo from the late 18th century until its disestablishment in 1950. The Sultanate was located at the mouth of the Kapuas river in what is today the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan, and the Sultan's residential palace was situated in what later grew to become the modern-day Indonesian city of Pontianak.
History[]
The Pontianak Sultanate was founded in 1771 by explorers from Hadhramaut led by al-Sayyid Syarif Abdurrahman al-Kadrie, descendant of Imam Ali al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq. He had two political marriages in Kalimantan, first with the daughter of Panembahan Mempawah and then with the daughter of the Sultan of Banjar.
After the explorers arrived in Pontianak, they established the Kadariah Palace and received endorsement as the Sultan of Pontianak by the Dutch East India Company in 1779.[1]
The Pontianak Sultanate had friendly relations with the Lanfang Republic.
Pontianak Sultan Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie was executed by the Japanese in the Pontianak incident along with all the other Malay Sultans of Kalimantan. Two of his sons were also beheaded by the Japanese.
The last Sultan was Syarif Hamid Alkadrie, who was deposed by the Indonesians; he had earlier been interned by the occupying Japanese forces.
List of Sultans of Pontianak[]
| Sultan of Pontianak | |
|---|---|
 Royal Coat of arms | |
| Details | |
| First monarch | Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie |
| Last monarch | Syarif Mahmud Alkadrie |
| Formation | 23 October 1771 |
| Residence | Kadriyah Palace |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
| Photo | Sultan | Reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie | 1771–1808 | |
| 2 | Syarif Kasim Alkadrie | 1808–1819 | |
| 3 | 
|
Syarif Osman Alkadrie | 1819–1855 |
| 4 | 
|
Syarif Hamid Alkadrie | 1855–1872 |
| 5 | Syarif Yusuf Alkadrie | 1872–1895 | |
| 6 | 
|
Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie | 1895–1944 |
| 7 | 
|
Syarif Hamid Alkadrie (Sultan Hamid II) |
1945–1950 |
| 8 | Syarif Abubakar Alkadrie | 2004-2017 [2][3] | |
| 9 | Syarif Mahmud Alkadrie | 2017-now[2][3] | |
References[]
- ^ "Aku Menulis Maka Aku Ada - Menengok Sisa Kejayaan Keraton Kadriah". ahmadiftahsidik.page.tl.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Syarif Mahmud Alkadrie Jadi Sultan Pontianak". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). 17 April 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Di Balik Istana-Istana yang Dihidupkan Kembali". Indonesia.co.id (in Indonesian). 1 August 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
Further reading[]
- Henri Chambert-Loir (June 1994). "Some aspects of Islamic justice in the Sultanate of Pontianak c. 1880". Indonesia and the Malay World. 22 (63): 129–143. doi:10.1080/03062849408729814.
- Mary Somers Heidhues (1998). "The first two Sultans of Pontianak". Archipel. 56: 273–294. doi:10.3406/arch.1998.3491.
- 1950 disestablishments in Indonesia
- States and territories established in 1771
- Former countries in Borneo
- West Kalimantan
- Precolonial states of Indonesia
- Islamic states in Indonesia
- States and territories disestablished in 1950
- Former sultanates