Progress MS-16

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Progress MS-16
Progress MS-16 approaches the ISS (3).jpg
Progress MS-16 approaches the ISS.
NamesПрогресс МC-16
Progress 77P
Mission typeISS resupply
OperatorRoscosmos
COSPAR ID2021-011A
SATCAT no.47618
Websitehttps://www.roscosmos.ru/
Mission duration161 days
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftProgress MS-16
Spacecraft typeProgress MS
ManufacturerRSC Energia
Launch mass7000 kg
Payload mass2460.5 kg
Start of mission
Launch date15 February 2021,
04:45:06 UTC[1]
RocketSoyuz-2.1a
Launch siteBaikonur, Site 31
ContractorProgress Rocket Space Centre
End of mission
DisposalDeorbited
Decay date26 July 2021, 14:51 UTC
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Inclination51.65°
Docking with ISS
Docking portZvezda nadir by Pirs nadir
Docking date17 February 2021, 06:27 UTC [1]
Undocking date26 July 2021, 10:55 UTC
Time docked159 days
Cargo
Mass2460.5 kg [1]
Pressurised1400 kg
Fuel600 kg
Gaseous40.5 kg
Water420 kg
Progress ISS Resupply
← Progress MS-15
Progress MS-17 →
 

Progress MS-16 (Russian: Прогресс МC-16), Russian production No. 445, identified by NASA as Progress 77P, was a Progress spacecraft launched by Roscosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). This was the 168th flight of a Progress spacecraft.

History[]

The Progress-MS is an uncrewed freighter based on the Progress-M featuring improved avionics. This improved variant first launched on 21 December 2015. It has the following improvements:[2][3][4][5]

  • New external compartment that enables it to deploy satellites. Each compartment can hold up to four launch containers. First time installed on Progress MS-03.
  • Enhanced redundancy thanks to the addition of a backup system of electrical motors for the docking and sealing mechanism.
  • Improved Micrometeoroid (MMOD) protection with additional panels in the cargo compartment.
  • Luch Russian relay satellites link capabilities enable telemetry and control even when not in direct view of ground radio stations.
  • GNSS autonomous navigation enables real time determination of the status vector and orbital parameters dispensing with the need of ground station orbit determination.
  • Real time relative navigation thanks to direct radio data exchange capabilities with the space station.
  • New digital radio that enables enhanced TV camera view for the docking operations.
  • The Ukrainian Chezara Kvant-V on board radio system and antenna/feeder system has been replaced with a Unified Command Telemetry System (UCTS).
  • Replacement of the Kurs A with Kurs NA digital system.

Launch[]

A Soyuz-2.1a launched Progress MS-16 to the International Space Station from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31 on 15 February 2021 following a two-day, 34-orbit rendezvous profile.[1][6][7] Progress MS-16 was docked on 17 February 2021, 06:26:47 UTC, using manual docking system operated by Expedition 64 commander Sergey Ryzhikov to the Pirs module of the ISS, where it remained until 26 July 2021, 10:55 UTC.[8]

Cargo[]

On 4 February 2021, Roscosmos said that Progress MS-16 had been installed back into its processing stand inside the assembly building at Site 254 for final pre-launch operations and loading of fresh food items in its cargo bay. The ship's cargo included 600 kg of propellant for refueling, 420 kg of drinking water in the Rodnik system, 40.5 kg of pressurized gases with extra nitrogen supplies and 1,400 kg of various equipment and supplies, including the repair kit with reinforced glue patches for temporary sealing of the Transfer Chamber, PrK, in the Zvezda Service Module (SM).[9]

The Progress MS-16 spacecraft was loaded with 2,460.5 kg (5,424 lb) of cargo, with 1,400 kg (3,100 lb) of this being dry cargo.[1]

  • Dry cargo: 1,400 kg (3,100 lb)
  • Propellant: 600 kg (1,300 lb)
  • Pressurized Gases: 40.5 kg (89 lb)
  • Drinking Water: 420 kg (930 lb)

Undocking and decay[]

The Progress MS-16 was expected to remain docked at the station until 23 July 2021, 12:45 UTC, when it would depart with the Pirs module docked to it for destructive reentry four hours later over the South Pacific Ocean. The Nauka module was launched on 21 July 2021 at 14:58:25 UTC, for docking on 29 July 2021, at 13:25 UTC. However, due to post-launch telemetry and propulsion issues with Nauka, the undocking of Progress MS-16 was delayed to 26 July 2021, at 10:55 UTC. The spacecraft, together with the Pirs module, was successfully deorbited on the same day at 14:51 UTC.[8]

Gallery[]

  • Progress MS-16 docked to the ISS. The one who undocked Pirs.

  • Progress MS-16 docked to the ISS before the removal of Pirs

  • ISS-65 Pirs docking compartment separates from the Space Station

  • ISS-65 Pirs docking compartment separates from the Space Station

See also[]

  • Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e Clark, Stephen (12 February 2021). "Russian space station cargo freighter moved to launch pad in Kazakhstan". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  2. ^ Krebs, Gunter (1 December 2015). "Progress-MS 01-19". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  3. ^ "Display: Progress MS-15 2020-050A". NASA. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ Zak, Anatoly (1 December 2015). "Progress-MS". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  5. ^ Blau, Patrick (1 December 2015). "Progress MS Spacecraft". Spaceflight101.com. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  6. ^ "Progress MS-16". Next Spaceflight. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  7. ^ "Progress 77P (MS-16)". Space Launch Now. 1 December 2020.
  8. ^ a b Gebhardt, Chris (25 July 2021). "Farewell, Pirs; ISS module decommissioned, destructively reentered". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  9. ^ Zak, Anatoly (4 February 2021). "Update: Planned Progress MS-16 Flight". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
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