Pyzdry

Pyzdry
Franciscan Church of the Beheading of St. John the Baptist
Coat of arms
Pyzdry
Coordinates: 52°10′N 17°41′E / 52.167°N 17.683°E / 52.167; 17.683Coordinates: 52°10′N 17°41′E / 52.167°N 17.683°E / 52.167; 17.683
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Greater Poland
County	Września
Gmina	Pyzdry
Area
• Total	12.16 km2 (4.70 sq mi)
Elevation	90 m (300 ft)
Population  (2006)
• Total	3,188
• Density	260/km2 (680/sq mi)
Postal code	62-310
Website	http://www.pyzdry.pl/

Pyzdry [ˈpɨzdrɨ] (German: Peisern) is a town in Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,163 inhabitants (2004).

History[]

Pyzdry was first mentioned in 1232, when army of Silesian Piast Duke Henry I the Bearded entered Greater Poland. Pyzdry is one of the oldest town of the province, as in 1257 it was mentioned as a location governed by a vogt, which means that a well-established urban center must have already existed here. It is not known when Pyzdry received Magdeburg rights; most likely it happened during the reign of Duke Bolesław the Pious.

On June 29, 1318 Ladislaus the Short called at Pyzdry a meeting of Polish nobility and bishops, during which it was agreed that a delegation be sent to Pope John XXII, asking for his permission to grant Polish Crown to Ladislaus. In 1331, Pyzdry was burned to the ground by the Teutonic Knights in the Battle of Pyzdry. Following the destruction, King Casimir III of Poland ordered construction of a defensive wall with a mighty castle. In 1345, a truce between Casimir and John of Bohemia was signed here.

On June 6, 1346, Casimir presented at Pyzdry legal statutes for the province of Greater Poland. In 1390, King Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło) met here with Wartislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania, who pledged vassalage to king of Poland. In 1562, Pyzdry was named as the location of gatherings of pospolite ruszenie (levée en masse) for Kalisz Voivodeship. The town was in 1655 captured and looted by Swedish soldiers (see Swedish invasion of Poland), and in 1704, a battle between supporters of Stanisław I Leszczyński and Augustus II took place here. In 1768, Pyzdry burned in a great fire.

Following the second partition of Poland, Pyzdry was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia (1793). In 1815, it became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland, in which it remained until World War I, and was the westernmost point of the Russian Empire. In 1818, Pyzdry County was disbanded, and in 1867, Russians reduced Pyzdry to the status of a village, which lasted until 1919.

The town has several points of interest:

• historic urban center, which was shaped in the 14th century,
• parish church (built in mid-14th century, remodelled in the 15th century and in 1865–1870),
• Franciscan abbey (14th century),
• Baroque monastery (1690), located on the Warta river,
• ruins of a castle and defensive wall (early 14th century),
• houses from 18th and 19th centuries,

Among people born here are Mikolaj of Pyzdry (rector of Jagiellonian University), writer Stefan Otwinowski and film director Ewa Petelska.

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