Queen Sunwon

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Queen Sunwon (순원왕후, 8 June 1789 – 21 September 1857), also known as Queen Dowager Myeonggyeong (명경왕대비) of the Andong Kim clan was the Queen of Joseon as the spouse of King Sunjo. She served as regent between 1834–1841 and 1849–1852.

Biography[]

The future Queen Sunwon was born into the Andong Kim clan on 8 June 1789. She was the first daughter and third child of Kim Jo-sun and his wife, Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Shim clan.

In 1802 at the age of 13, Lady Kim married King Sunjo and became the Queen of Joseon. The Queen bore 5 children with only one dying in infancy and one of them being the future Heonjong.

When her husband died in 1834, she became regent for her eight-year-old grandson, King Heonjong and the political power remained in the hands of her family, the Andong Kim clan until 1840, when it passed to the family of Heonjong's mother, Queen Sinjeong, the Pungyang Jo clan, following the .

Prior to the death of her grandson in 1849 and becoming regent once again, the Queen had outlived her children as her daughter Princess Deokon recently died in 1844. The Queen eventually became regent again during King Cheoljong’s reign. With her influence, she had the king marry a daughter from her clan in 1851, who was known as Queen Cheorin, and ruled as regent until his fourth year of reign in 1852.

Queen Sunwon died in Changdeok Palace, on 21 September 1857. The Queen’s clan power later diminished when Queen Shinjeong adopted Internal Prince Heungseon’s son, Yi Myeong-bok, as her own to become the next king. The Queen Dowager stepped down and gave all power to Internal Princess Heungseon to help his son as regent; thus removing all power of the Andong Kim clan’s influence as well as the Pungyang Jo clan in the end.

Queen Sunwon is buried with her husband in Inreung located in Naegok-dong, Seocho District, Seoul.

Titles[]

• 8 June 1789 - 1802: Lady Kim, daughter of Kim Jo-sun of the Andong Kim clan
• 1802 - 18 December 1834: Her Royal Highness, the Queen Consort of Joseon (왕비; 王妃)
• 18 December 1834 - 25 July 1849: Her Royal Highness, Royal Queen Dowager Myeonggyeong of Joseon (명경왕대비; 名胜王大妃)
• 25 July 1849 - 21 September 1857: Her Royal Highness, Royal Grand Queen Dowager Myeonggyeong of Joseon (명경대왕대비; 名胜大王大妃)
• Posthumous title: Queen Sunwon of Joseon (순원왕후; 顺元王后)

Family[]

• Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
  • Kim Saeng-hae (김생해, 金生海)
• Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
  • Kim Geuk-hyo (김극효, 金克孝) (16 September 1542 - 3 February 1618)
• Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
  • Lady Jeong of the Dongrae Jeong clan (본관: 동래정씨)
• Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
  • Kim Sang-gwan (김상관, 金尙觀)
• Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
  • Kim Gwang-chan (김광찬, 金光燦) (1597 - 24 February 1668)^[1]
• Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
  • Lady Kim of the Yeonan Kim clan (본관: 연안 김씨)^[2]
• Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
  • Kim Su-hang (김수항, 金壽恒) (1629 - 9 April 1689)
• Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
  • Lady Na of the Anjeong Na clan (본관: 안정 나씨)^[3]
• Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
  • Kim Chang-jib (김창집, 金昌集) (1648 - 2 May 1722)
• Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
  • Lady Park (박씨)
• Great-Great-Grandfather
  • Kim Je-gyeom (김제겸, 金濟謙)^[4]
• Great-Grandfather
  • Kim Dal-haeng (김달행, 金達行)^[5]
• Grandfather
  • Kim Yi-jong (김이중, 金履中);^[6] served as Prime Minister
• Grandmother
  • Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (본관: 평산 신씨, 平山 申氏)
• Father
  • Kim Jo-sun (김조순, 金祖淳) (1765 - 1832)^[7][8]
• Mother
  • Internal Princess Consort Cheongyang of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청양부부인 심씨, 靑陽府夫人 沈氏) (1766 - 1828)
    • Grandfather: Sim Geon-ji (심건지, 沈健之)^[9]
    • Grandmother: Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (증 정경부인 전주 이씨); Sim Geon-ji’s second wife
• Siblings
  • Older brother: Kim Yoo-geun (김유근, 金逌根) (March 1785 - July 1840)
  • Older brother: Kim Won-geun (김원근, 金元根) (1786 - 1832)
  • Younger brother: Kim Jwa-geun (김좌근, 金左根) (1797 - 1869)
    • Sister-in-law: Lady Yoon (윤씨, 尹氏)
      • Adoptive nephew: Kim Byeong-gi (김병기, 金炳冀) (1818 - 1875)
        • Adoptive niece-in-law: Lady Nam (남씨, 南氏); Nam Gu-sun’s daughter
        • Adoptive grand-nephew: Kim Yong-gyun (김용균, 金用均)
  • Younger sister: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan
    • Brother-in-law: Nam Gu-sun (남구순, 南久淳)
      • Nephew: Nam Byeong-cheol (남병철, 南秉哲) (1817 - 1863)
      • Niece: Lady Nam (남씨, 南氏)
  • Younger sister: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan
    • Brother-in-law: Lee Gyeom-jae (이겸재, 李謙在)
  • Younger sister: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan
    • Brother-in-law: Lee Geung-woo (이긍우, 李肯愚)
  • Younger brother: Kim Son-geun (김손근, 金遜根)
• Husband
  • Yi Gong, King Sunjo (조선 순조) (29 July 1790 - 13 December 1834)
    • Father-in-law: Yi San, King Jeongjo (조선 정조) (28 October 1752 - 18 August 1800)
    • Mother-in-law: Royal Noble Consort Su of the Bannam Park clan (수빈 박씨) (1 June 1770 - 6 February 1823)
      • Legal mother-in-law: Queen Hyoui of the Cheongpung Kim clan (효의왕후 김씨) (5 January 1754 - 10 April 1821)
• Issue
  • Son: Crown Prince Hyomyeong (효명세자) (1809 – 1830)
    • Daughter-in-law: Crown Princess Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan (신정익황후 조씨) (21 January 1809 - 4 June 1890)
      • Grandson: King Heonjong of Josoen (헌종) (1827 - 1849)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Queen Hyohyeon of the Andong Kim clan (효현왕후 김씨) (27 April 1828 – 18 October 1843)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Queen Hyojeong of the Namyang Hong clan (효정왕후 홍씨) (6 March 1831 – 2 January 1904)
  • Daughter: Princess Myeongon (명온공주) (1810 - 1832)
    • Son-in-law: Kim Hyeon-geun (김현근, 金賢根) (1810 - 1868)
      • Unnamed granddaughter; died prematurely
      • Adoptive grandson: Kim Byeong-chan (김병찬, 金炳瓚)
  • Daughter: Princess Bokon (복온공주) (1818 - 1828)
    • Son-in-law: Kim Byeong-ju (김병주, 金炳疇) (1819 - 1853)
      • Unnamed grandchild
  • An unnamed son (1820 - 1820)
  • Daughter: Princess Deokon (덕온공주) (1828 - 1844)
    • Son-in-law: Yun Ui-seon (윤의선, 尹宜善) (? - 1887)
      • Adoptive grandson: Yun Yong-gu (윤용구, 尹用求)
  • Adoptive son: King Cheoljong of Joseon (철종대왕) (25 July 1831 - 16 January 1864)
    • Adoptive daughter-in-law: Queen Cheorin of the Andong Kim clan (철인왕후 김씨) (27 April 1837 – 12 June 1878)
      • Adoptive grandson: Prince Royal Yi Yung-jun (원자 이융준) (22 November 1858 - 25 May 1859)

Popular culture[]

• Portrayed by Han Soo-yeon in the 2016 KBS2 TV series Moonlight Drawn by Clouds.
• Portrayed by Bae Jong-ok in the 2020-2021 tvN TV series Mr. Queen.

References[]

External links[]

• http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/korea_heads.htm