Quercus palmeri
Quercus palmeri | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fagales |
Family: | Fagaceae |
Genus: | Quercus |
Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Quercus |
Section: | Quercus sect. Protobalanus |
Species: | Q. palmeri
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Binomial name | |
Quercus palmeri | |
Natural range of Quercus palmeri | |
Synonyms[2] | |
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Quercus palmeri is a species of oak known by the common name Palmer oak, or Palmer's oak. It is native to California (as far north as Fort Ord along the Monterey Bay), Baja California, Southern Nevada, and in Arizona through the transition zone to the eastern Mogollon Rim, where it grows in canyons, mountain slopes, washes, and other dry habitats.[3][4][5] Quercus dunnii Kellogg 1879, common name Dunn oak, is synonymous with Palmer oak. Palmer oak does not occur in New Mexico as the specimen were misidentified and later corrected to Quercus grisea on seinet were the collection records are maintained. The population of golden oaks in Apache Box near Arizona appear to be integrated Quercus chrysolepis Affinity palmeri as stated in the FNA. The population is not Q. palmeri but mostly Q. chrysolepis with past hybridization with Q. palmeri.[6] Quercus palmeri was recently discovered in Southern Nevada in Christmas tree pass that was previously only know from fossils.[7]
Description[]
Quercus palmeri is a shrub or small tree growing up to 40 feet tall, but known to reach 6 meters (20 feet) at times. It branches into angular twigs and is reddish brown. The leaves are 1 to 3 centimeters (0.4-1.2 inches) in length. They are stiff, leathery, and brittle, their edges wavy with sharp spine-teeth. The upper surface is shiny, waxy, and olive green in color, the lower gray-green and coated with glandular hairs. The fruit is an acorn with a hairy cap up to 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) wide and a blunt-ended nut 2 to 3 centimeters (0.8-1.2 inches) long.[4]
Quercus palmeri usually grows in small populations, some of which are actually cloned growths of a single plant.[4] One such clone in the Jurupa Mountains in Riverside County, California, named the Jurupa Oak, was determined to be over 13,000 years old, a single individual living as a relict from the Pleistocene.[8] It is therefore one of the oldest living plants in the world.
References[]
- ^ "Quercus palmeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017. 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
data
- ^ "Quercus palmeri Engelm.". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List.
- ^ "Quercus palmeri". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus palmeri". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 3. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter
- ^ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501072
- ^ https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/individual/index.php?occid=27105453&clid=0
- ^ May, M. R., et al. (2009). Pleistocene clone of Quercus palmeri Engelm. PLoS ONE
External links[]
- Calflora
- Jepson eFlora, The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley
- Quercus palmeri in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley
- IUCN Red List near threatened species
- Quercus
- Trees of the Southwestern United States
- Trees of Baja California
- Flora of California
- Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
- Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
- Natural history of the Transverse Ranges
- Plants described in 1880