R-2 (missile)

R-2
R-2 missile at Korolev City of Moscow region
Type	Theatre ballistic missile Short-range ballistic missile
Place of origin	USSR
Service history
In service	November 1951 – 1962
Used by	Soviet Union
Production history
Manufacturer	Yuzhmash and OKB-1
Specifications
Mass	19,632 kg
Length	17.70 m
Diameter	1.65 m
Engine	RD-101
Wingspan	3.60 m
Propellant	LOX / Alcohol
Operational range	550–600 km (340–370 mi)
Maximum speed	2175 m/s
Accuracy	1.25 km

R-2

The R-2 Short-range ballistic missile (NATO reporting name SS-2 Sibling, GRAU index 8Zh38) was developed based on the R-1 design. This was an improved version of the German V-2 rocket manufactured by the Soviet Union.

Description[]

The R-1 was quickly followed by an evolutionary improvement, the R-2 (SS-2), which had a longer range and at least four major differences in design. The weight was increased by 50%, but the range was more than doubled, to 600 km (370 mi). R-2 had the following major differences from the R-1's (and hence from the V-2's) design:^[1]

• The warhead separated from the rocket prior to atmospheric reentry, eliminating the hull strength problem, one of the V-2/R-1's biggest weaknesses.
• The propellant tank became the main load-bearing structure for the rocket, in contrast to the R-1's load-bearing hull. This reduced the overall weight of the spaceframe.
• The control module was moved from above the propellant tank to below the LOx tank. This made pre-launch preparations easier. As the control module was now placed directly over the engine, vibrations were reduced by using steel instead of aluminium for the tailcone.
• Radio command guidance was introduced to improve accuracy, giving the R-2 accuracy comparable to the R-1, in spite of its doubled range.

The first test flight of the R-2 took place in September 1949, and it was accepted for service in November 1951, actually entering service in large numbers around 1953. A grand total of 1,545 R-1 and R-2 missiles were produced.

The R-2 missile was the last Soviet missile based on German designs. While some German influences would clearly remain, Soviet missiles after the R-2 would be based on original designs by the OKB-1 group.

The R-2A geophysical rocket was developed for vertical sounding flights. It carried dogs, monkeys, hamsters, and various high-altitude physics experiments in its nose cone. Two pods performed atmospheric analysis and were ejected from the missile's side to avoid contamination by engine exhaust.

The R-2 design was exported to China, where it was built as the Dongfeng 1.

Operators[]

 Soviet Union

• Soviet Army

See also[]

• R-1 (missile)

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to R-2.

• R-2
• R-2 / SS-2 SIBLING