Ranina ranina
Ranina ranina | |
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Genus: | Lamarck, 1801
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Species: | R. ranina
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Binomial name | |
Ranina ranina | |
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_RMNH.ART.97_-_Ranina_ranina_-_Kawahara_Keiga_-_1823_-_1829_-_Siebold_Collection_-_pencil_drawing_-_water_colour.jpeg/220px-Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_RMNH.ART.97_-_Ranina_ranina_-_Kawahara_Keiga_-_1823_-_1829_-_Siebold_Collection_-_pencil_drawing_-_water_colour.jpeg)
Ranina ranina, also known as the Huỳnh Đế crab,[1] (red) frog crab or spanner crab,[2] is a species of crab[3] found throughout tropical and subtropical habitats.[4] It is often fished for its meat, and is the only known species in its genus.[5]
Description[]
It may grow up to 150 millimetres (5.9 in) long, and may weigh up to 900 grams (2.0 lb).[6] The carapace is wider at the front, reddish brown in color, with ten white spots.[4] Ranina ranina is mainly nocturnal, and remains buried in the sand during the day.[2] Ranina ranina is easily distinguished from other crab species in its habitat due to its red carapace and elongated midsection.[6]
Distribution and ecology[]
Spanner crabs inhabit coastal waters along the east coast of Australia, from Yeppoon in Queensland to the North coast of New South Wales. There is also a population to the north of Perth in Western Australia.[6] Ranina ranina is abundant in the coastal waters of south-western Mindanao, Philippines. These crabs are also found in the eastern coast of Africa, across the Indian Ocean to Indonesia, Japan and Hawaii and Vietnam.[7]
Ranina ranina inhabits depths of 10–100 metres (33–328 ft) on sandy-smooth substrata in which they bury themselves from where they attack small bottom-dwelling fish.[8] When waiting for prey, Ranina ranina will cover itself with sand, but leave its eye and mouthparts sticking out to help detect its food.[2] Offshore areas within this range in a subtropical or tropical environment serves as a habitat for Ranina ranina, but they must have ample sand for Ranina ranina to flourish, as covering themselves in sand is instrumental in their method of catching prey.
Fishery[]
The species is commercially exploited over much of its range, but the largest fishery is in Australia, where the annual commercial catch an estimated at 3,592 tonnes (7,919,000 lb).[4][9] In Queensland, only adults above 100 mm (3.9 in) carapace length may be landed.[10] In the Philippines in 2008, prices for Ranina ranina were around 200–300 pesos per kilogram.[4] Ranina ranina populations have been surveyed to avoid overfishing and are currently stable.[11]
Although Ranina ranina is a target of commercial fishing operations, little is known about the species' biology, population dynamics and ecology.[10] Attempts have been made to grow Ranina ranina in captivity, but have so far been met with little success.[2]
Culinary use[]
Ranina ranina is a regional specialty in some regions of the Philippines where it is known as curacha. It is generally eaten steamed as halabos, or cooked in coconut milk as ginataan. A notable variant of the latter is the curacha Alavar of Zamboanga City.[12][13]
In Vietnam the species is named as "Huỳnh Đế crab", literally means "emperor crab". The names refer to the fact that R. ranina is one of the favorite high-ranked cuisine of historical Vietnamese monarchs.[14] It is the delicacy harvested in the provinces Bình Định and Quảng Ngãi, and is hailed "monarch of all the crab".[15]
References[]
- ^ Crustacean diversity in Vietnam's coral reef
- ^ a b c d Phyu Phyu Than; Taizo Sakata; Kazuhisa Hamada; Keinosuke Imaizumi (1999). "Characteristics of dominant microflora in aquaculture tanks of juvenile red frog crab, Ranina ranina" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries: 1–6.
- ^ S. L. Slattery; A. L. Ford & S. M. Nottingham (1992). "Cooking methods for spanner crabs Ranina ranina (L) and their effect on cadmium residues". . 44 (5): 206–210.
- ^ a b c d Oliver D. Tito & Jonalyn P. Alanano (2008). "Some aspects of fisheries and biology of spanner crab (Ranina ranina, Linnaeus) in Maluso, Basilan Province, Philippines" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries: 40–48.
- ^ Peter K. L. Ng; Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 17: 1–286.
- ^ a b c "Spanner crab Ranina ranina". Fishing and Aquaculture. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. 2005. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
- ^ Juliana C. Baylon & Oliver D. Tito (2012) “Natural diet and feeding habits of the red frog crab (Ranina ranina) from southwestern Mindanao, Philippines” Philip. Agric. Scientist Vol. 95 No. 4, 391–398.
- ^ Sydney Fish Market, “Species information: Spanner Crab” (2013) www.sydneyfishmarket.com
- ^ Queensland Fisheries (2010) “Stock Status of Queensland's Fisheries Resources 2009-10” Queensland Australia: Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation. 65
- ^ a b J. M. Kirkwood; I. W. Brown; S. W. Gaddes; S. Hoyle (2005). "Juvenile length-at-age data reveal that spanner crabs (Ranina ranina) grow slowly". Marine Biology. 147 (2): 331–339. doi:10.1007/s00227-005-1574-0. S2CID 85319322.
- ^ J. McGilvray, I. Brown, E. Jebreen & D. Smallwood (2006) Fisheries Long Term Monitoring Program Summary of spanner crab (Ranina ranina) survey results: 2000-2005. Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland, QI06095, Brisbane, Australia.
- ^ Clavite, Harold E. "Homecoming: Food and country". Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ "Halabos na Curacha". Panlasang Pinoy Meaty Recipes. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ Huỳnh đế - đệ nhất cua biển giá "chát" vẫn được chuộng
- ^ https://thanhnien.vn/doi-song/cua-huynh-de-496868.html
- Crabs
- Marine fauna of Eastern Australia
- Edible crustaceans
- Commercial crustaceans
- Crustaceans described in 1758
- Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus