Reclinomonas

Reclinomonas
	Four jakobid species, showing groove and flagella: Jakoba libera (ventral view), (ventral view), Reclinomonas americana (dorsal view), and Histiona aroides (ventral view)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	Excavata
Class:	Jakobea
Order:	Jakobida
Family:	Histionidae
Genus:	Reclinomonas; Flavin & Nerad, 1993
Species
	R. americana Flavin & Nerad 1993; R. campanula (Penard 1921) Flavin & Nerad 1993;

Reclinomonas is a monotypic genus of jakobid eukaryotes containing the single species Reclinomonas americana.^[2]

This organism is a single cell up to 12 micrometers wide. It has two flagella. The cell is in a cup-like lorica which has a stem that attaches to a surface. When the cell reproduces, by undergoing binary fission, one of the two newly split cells produces a new lorica for itself.^[2]

This protozoan can be found in freshwater.^[2]

This species was the first jakobid to have its mitochondrial genome sequenced.^[2] It contains 97 genes, 62 of them code for proteins.^[3] Other jakobids have been sequenced since, and the data were similar.^[2] It has been described as a member of the Excavata.^[4]

R. Americana is a large protozoan that ingests bacteria. Such phagocytosis is thought to be how ancestral (two billion years ago) eucaryotes (true nucleus to hold DNA) acquired mitochondrial and chloroplast organelles to perform oxidative metabolism and photosynthesis. R. Americana has played a significant role in understanding the scope of antiquity of what bacterial DNA was captured because its mitochondrial DNA collection is more complete than that of other eukaryotes, which have discarded many and various genes.^[5]

References[]

^ Flavin, M. & T. A. Nerad. (1993). Reclinomonas americana n. g., n. sp., a new freshwater heterotrophic flagellate. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 40: 172-179.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Simpson, A. 2008. Reclinomonas Flavin & Nerad 1993. Reclinomonas americana Flavin & Nerad 1993. Version 05. The Tree of Life Web Project.
^ Berg, J. M., et al. Biochemistry. Edition 6. Macmillan. 2010. pg. 505.
^ Shpak, M.; et al. (May 2008). "The phylogeny and evolution of deoxyribonuclease II: an enzyme essential for lysosomal DNA degradation". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 47 (2): 841–54. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.033. PMC 2600486. PMID 18226927.
^ Gray, M.W. (September 2012). "Mitochondrial Evolution". Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 4 (9): a011403. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011403. PMC 3428767. PMID 22952398.

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[fn-1] Flavin, M. & T. A. Nerad. (1993). Reclinomonas americana n. g., n. sp., a new freshwater heterotrophic flagellate. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 40: 172-179.

[tol-2] Simpson, A. 2008. Reclinomonas Flavin & Nerad 1993. Reclinomonas americana Flavin & Nerad 1993. Version 05. The Tree of Life Web Project.

[berg-3] Berg, J. M., et al. Biochemistry. Edition 6. Macmillan. 2010. pg. 505.

[pmid18226927-4] Shpak, M.; et al. (May 2008). "The phylogeny and evolution of deoxyribonuclease II: an enzyme essential for lysosomal DNA degradation". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 47 (2): 841–54. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.033. PMC 2600486. PMID 18226927.

[Gray,_2012-5] Gray, M.W. (September 2012). "Mitochondrial Evolution". Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 4 (9): a011403. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011403. PMC 3428767. PMID 22952398.

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