Reebok
![]() | |
![]() Reebok shop at South Edmonton Common, Canada, pictured in May 2020 | |
Type | Subsidiary |
---|---|
Industry | Textile Sports equipment |
Predecessor | J.W. Foster and Sons |
Founded | 1895[note 1] in Bolton, Lancashire, England |
Founder | Joseph William Foster |
Headquarters | Boston, Massachusetts, US |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | Matthew O'Toole (CEO) |
Products | Sportswear, footwear |
Brands | show
List |
Parent | Authentic Brands Group (2021–present) Adidas (2005–21) |
Website | reebok.com |
Reebok International Limited (/ˈriːbɒk/) is a footwear and clothing manufacturer that has been a subsidiary of American management company Authentic Brands Group since August 2021. From 2005 to 2021, the brand was owned by German sporting goods giant Adidas.[4][5][6][7] Reebok produces and distributes fitness, running, and CrossFit sportswear, including clothing and footwear. It is the official footwear and apparel sponsor for CrossFit and Spartan Race.[8]
In 1958, Reebok was established in Great Britain as a companion company to J.W. Foster and Sons, a sporting goods company which had been founded in 1895 in Bolton, Lancashire.[9] From 1958 until 1986, the brand featured the Union Jack in its logo to signify the origins of the company.[10]
The company's global headquarters are located in Boston, Massachusetts,[11] U.S., with regional offices in Amsterdam, Montreal, Hong Kong, and Mexico City.
In November 2016, Reebok announced it would be moving its headquarters from the Boston suburb of Canton to the innovation and design building in the seaport district of South Boston. The reasons for the move, according to the company, were to be located in an urban environment that is more desirable to millennial workers and to "clarify the roles" of United States offices.[12] The move was completed in autumn of 2018.[13]
History[]
Early history[]
In 1895, Joseph William Foster at the age of 14 started work in his bedroom above his father's sweetshop in Bolton, England, and designed some of the earliest spiked running shoes.[14] After his ideas progressed, he founded his business 'J.W. Foster' in 1900, later he joined with his sons and changed the company name to J.W. Foster and Sons.[15][16] Foster opened a small factory called Olympic Works, and gradually became famous among athletes for his "running pumps".[14] For pioneering the use of spikes, the company's revolutionary running pumps appear in the book, Golden Kicks: The Shoes that changed Sport.[17] The company began distributing shoes across the Union Jack flag which were worn by British athletes.[17] They were made famous by 100m Olympic champion Harold Abrahams (who would be immortalised in the Oscar winning film Chariots of Fire) in the 1924 Summer Olympics held in Paris.[17][18]
In 1958, in Bolton, two of the founder's grandsons, Joe and Jeff Foster, formed a companion company "Reebok", having found the name in a South African dictionary won in a running race by Joe Foster as a boy.[15] The name is Afrikaans for the grey rhebok, a type of African antelope.[17][19]
U.S. market[]
In 1979, at the Chicago International Sneaker Trade show an American businessman, Paul Fireman, took notice of Reebok. Fireman was working for team sports and negotiated a deal to license and distribute the Reebok brand in the United States. The division was called Reebok USA Ltd.[20] Later that year, Fireman introduced three new shoes to the market at $60. By 1981, Reebok reached more than $1.5 million in sales.[9]
1980s–1990s[]
In 1982, Reebok debuted the Reebok Freestyle aerobics shoe, the first athletic shoe designed for women.[9][21] The following year, Reebok's sales were $13 million.[22]
The company began expanding from tennis and aerobics shoes to running and basketball throughout the mid to late 1980s, the largest segments of the athletic footwear industry at the time.[23] Fireman bought the English-based parent company in 1984. In addition to its IPO, the brand conquered[promotion?] tennis with the Newport Classic, popularized by Boris Becker and John Mc Enroe, and the Revenge Plus, better known today under its name Reebok Club C.
Officially an American company in 1985, Reebok had its initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol RBK.[18][23]
In 1986, Reebok switched its logo from the Union Jack flag it had since its founding, to the Vector logo - an abstract Union Jack streak across a race track - which mirrored the design of the side flashes of its shoes[24][25] The switch signaled the transition of the company into a performance brand as it began licensing deals with professional athletes in the NBA and NFL.[26]
During the 1980s, Reebok began introducing sports clothing and accessories (alongside entering the college/pro sports arena), along with a new line of children's athletic shoes (called 'Weeboks').[27] By mid-decade, Reebok's sales were about $1 billion.[6] One of the company's most iconic technologies,[28] the Reebok Pump, debuted in 1989[29][30] with more than 100 professional athletes wearing the footwear by 1992, including Shaquille O'Neal.[9][31]
Reebok worked with fitness professional Gin Miller in the late 1980s to develop Step Reebok, based on Miller's wooden prototype step and her ideas for step aerobics. The Step was evaluated in physiology trials undertaken by Drs. Lorna and Peter Francis at San Diego State University. In August 1989 the Step was ready, made in molded plastic by Sports Step of Atlanta with Reebok's name on it,[32] and by March 1990, the step aerobics classes were attracting media attention.[33] Miller promoted Step Reebok in person, touring the U.S. and demonstrating it at exercise studios. Step aerobics became widely popular, helping the company sell many thousands of adjustable-height step devices and millions of high-top shoes with ankle support.[19] Step aerobics peaked in 1995 with 11.4 million people exercising in that style.[34]
Reebok named Carl Yankowski president and chief executive officer of the brand in 1998, replacing former president Robert Meers.[35][36] Yankowski stepped down one year later to accept an executive position at another company. Reebok chairman and CEO Paul Fireman took over as president for the first time in 12 years.[36]
2000s–present[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Reebok_World_headquarters.jpg/220px-Reebok_World_headquarters.jpg)
Reebok signed Venus Williams after she won singles titles at Wimbledon and the 2000 Summer Olympics.[37] In December 2000, Reebok signed a 10-year licensing agreement with the NFL for the exclusive rights to manufacture and sell NFL licensed merchandise, including uniforms and footwear, for all 32 teams.[38]
In 2001, Reebok became the exclusive apparel outfitter for the 29 teams in the NBA,[39] and 16 WNBA teams for ten years beginning in the 2004–2005 season.[40] The deal also added the Reebok vector logo to the 2004 U.S. Olympic basketball team's uniforms.[41] Later in 2001, Jay Margolis was named as Reebok's president and COO.[42] After launching retail flagship stores in China, Dhaka, London, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia and Tokyo, Margolis resigned in October 2004. Fireman took over as president after signing a new long-term employment agreement with the Reebok board of directors.[43]
In 2003, Reebok also became the official uniform and apparel provider for the Canadian Football League, which took effect in 2004.[44]
Reebok acquired official National Hockey League sponsor CCM in 2004. The company began manufacturing ice hockey equipment under the CCM and Reebok brands. Reebok phased out the CCM name on NHL authentic and replica jerseys, using the Reebok logo since 2005. CCM became Reebok-CCM Hockey in 2007. Reebok moved most of its hockey equipment lines to CCM after 2015.[45] In 2017, Adidas sold CCM to a Canadian private equity firm, Birch Hill Equity Partners, for around $100 million.[46]
Adidas ownership (2005-2021)[]
Following an intellectual property lawsuit in August 2005, Adidas acquired Reebok as a subsidiary, uniting two of the largest sport outfitting companies, but maintaining operations under their separate brand names.[47] Adidas acquired all of the outstanding Reebok shares and completed the deal valued at $3.8 billion.[48] Following the acquisition, Adidas replaced Reebok as the official uniform supplier for the NBA in 2006[24] with an 11-year deal that includes the WNBA, replica jerseys, and warm-up gear.[49]
Reebok named Paul Harrington president and CEO of the company in January 2006, replacing Paul Fireman who was acting president since 2004. Harrington joined the company in 1994 and was Reebok's senior vice president of global operations and chief supply chain officer.[50]
In 2010, Reebok announced a partnership with CrossFit, a fitness company and competitive fitness sport, including sponsoring the CrossFit Games, opening CrossFit studios, and introducing a line of co-branded footwear and apparel for Fall 2011.[51] In 2011, Reebok debuted the CrossFit delta symbol on the brand's fitness apparel line. Around that time, Reebok, as it slowly began to lose its contracts to make sports uniforms and apparel to professional sports leagues and college teams (its last uniform rights contract, with the NHL, ended in 2017) began repositioning itself as a largely fitness-oriented brand, just as it had been during the 1980s and early 1990s.[52]
In 2013, Reebok announced another fitness partnership with Les Mills, a group fitness and team training program in eighty countries in more than 20,000 studios. The agreement included Reebok footwear and clothing integration into Les Mills' fitness programs and media marketing. By July 2013, the red delta sign began showing up on all of Reebok's fitness collections. The brand announced it was phasing out the vector logo and replacing it with the delta sign, making it the company's second logo change in more than 120 years.[24] The delta symbol represents the three pillars of positive self-change including mental, physical and social, as Reebok increases its presence in the fitness industry with yoga, dance, aerobics and CrossFit.[26]
Following a successful re-release of many of its iconic sneaker and apparel lines from the early/mid 1990s, in November 2019, Reebok announced that it was updating the 1992 Vector logo along with the original "Reebok" script in Motter Tektura typeface and restoring both as the company's core brand identity, citing the reason that consumers still identified with them rather than the 2013 "Delta" logo.[53] although the Delta would continue to be used on certain fitness equipment and apparel lines.
Acquisition by Authentic Brands Group (2021–present)[]
After some financial struggles, Adidas announced on February 16, 2021 its plans to divest the Reebok brand as the German sportswear maker moves on after trying to revive its performance for more than a decade, after analizing options for the brand[54] and expects a hit of about 250 million euros to operating profit from costs to make its struggling Reebok brand a standalone company as it prepares to sell or spin-off the business, with a third of that in 2022 but none in 2023.[55]
On July 1, 2021, Adidas shortlisted bidders for the brand, the finalist companies being Wolverine World Wide and Authentic Brands Group on a joint deal, private equity companies Advent International, CVC, Cerberus Capital, and Sycamore Partners, with a deadline for August 2021.[56] On August 12, 2021, it was announced that Authentic Brands Group would be acquiring the Reebok brand from Adidas from at least $2.5 billion.[57]
Logo evolution[]
1977–1986
1986–2000
2000–2005
2005–2008
2008–2014
2014–2019
2019–present
Offices[]
Reebok's former parent company, Adidas, is headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany, while the Reebok world headquarters remains located in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Reebok EMEA (Europe, Middle East, Africa) has its regional office in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The company also has additional regional offices located in Panama City (Reebok Latin America), Shanghai (Reebok Shanghai International Commerce Centre), Singapore, Taikoo Shing, and Toronto.[58] Reebok first entered the South Korean market in 1987 and has since been making substantial revenue in South Korea. It is shown that it is the third most popular sports brand in South Korea. Through the merger and acquisition of the brand by Adidas in 2005, Reebok is no longer listed as a company in South Korea.
Products[]
Reebok designs, manufactures, distributes and sells fitness, running and CrossFit sportswear including clothing and footwear. The clothing line includes t-shirts, hoodies and pants among other items. The brand has also collaborated with other companies to produce fitness equipment and workouts.
The company has released numerous notable styles of footwear including the 1982 introduction of the Reebok Freestyle that was manufactured and marketed for women.[59] In 1984, the shoe accounted for more than half of the Reebok sales.[60] Following the aerobics trend from the 1980s to early 1990s, Reebok also released workout programs called Reebok Step beginning in 1989.[61] The brand also introduced one of their most signature shoes, The Reebok Pump. The footwear collection was released as a men's basketball shoe and the world's first fully adjustable fit controlled with manual air allocation.[62]
The Reebok Ventilator, a line of lightweight athletic shoes with vented side panels, was first introduced in 1990.[63] In 1996, Reebok signed a $50 million endorsement deal with Allen Iverson when he signed with the Philadelphia 76ers.[64][65] Iverson collaborated with Reebok during his contract to create the second-longest running basketball shoe line in history, beginning with the Question shoe in 1996 and ending with Answer XIV.[66]
In 2010, the brand released Reebok Zig, an athletic footwear technology and collection of shoes include zigzag foam soles designed to push athletes forward.[67] The Reebok Nano was released in 2011 and is the first official CrossFit shoe.[68] The company has also partnered up with Les Mills and CrossFit to produce more fitness apparel, footwear, and workouts.[19][69] Reebok released the Z-Series foam, a combination of dense midsole and outsole so the foam is cushioned but not worn-down. The foam debuted on the ZQuick TR with Reebok's new delta logo in 2014.[70]
Reebok Future innovation house has developed a new technology they call Liquid Factory. A robot will extrude liquid polyurethane and "draw" shoe components without the use of traditional shoe molds.[71]
In 2017, the UFC announced the launch of a new collection under the name Fight Night Collection that includes an upgraded version of the Reebok-branded apparels.[72]
In 2018, Victoria Beckham being a long-term design partner with Reebok launched her first collection inspired by Shaquille O'Neal.[73][74]
Endorsements[]
Reebok sponsorships include individual professional athletes,[75] and the Portugal national basketball team.[76]
Asia[]
Reebok sponsored kits for top seeded Indian Football clubs, Mohun Bagan AC (2006–11) and East Bengal FC (2003–05, 2006–10).[77] Later it sponsored kits for Indian Premier League teams, such as the Royal Challengers Bangalore, Kolkata Knight Riders, Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings in the first edition of the league held in 2008. However, for the second edition held in 2009, the sponsorships included Royal Challengers Bangalore, Kolkata Knight Riders, Chennai Super Kings, Kings XI Punjab kits.[78][79]
In May 2012, Reebok India filed a criminal complaint against former managerial employees, Subhinder Singh Prem and Vishnu Bhagat, accusing them of a financial fraud of up to US$233 million.[80] On the charge of alleged Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) violations, Reebok India was booked and may face penal action.[81] Twelve further arrests of employees and associates were made during the same period. As of July 2013, Prem and Bhagat were granted bail by the high court but remained imprisoned following their detainment in September 2012.[82]
One of Reebok's most prominent athletes, Indian cricketer Mahendra Singh Dhoni, was named by Forbes as the world's thirty first highest-paid sportsperson in June 2012. At the time of the article, Dhoni endorsed more than 20 other brands in deals that were cumulatively valued at US$23 million.[83]
Europe[]
The company maintained its relationship with its origins in the UK through a long-term sponsorship deal with Bolton Wanderers, a Championship football club, however, in 2009, Bolton changed their sponsorship to 188bet. When the team moved to a brand new ground in the late-1990s, their new home was named the Reebok Stadium.
Several other English clubs, such as Liverpool F.C., had Reebok sponsorship deals up until the purchase by Adidas, but most have since switched to either the parent brand (which has a long history in football) or another company altogether. In April 2014, Bolton Wanderers officially announced the Reebok Stadium would be officially rebranded in a new sponsorship deal with sportswear manufacturer Macron, who will manufacture the club's kits and sponsor the stadium under the name Macron Stadium in a four-year deal announced by the club's chairman, Phil Gartside.[84] In Germany, Reebok sponsored football club 1. FC Köln.[85]
In rugby union, Reebok sponsored the Wales national team until late 2008, who won the Grand Slam in the Six Nations Championship in that year, and the Tasman Makos in New Zealand's domestic competition, the Air New Zealand Cup.[86]
In 2006, Arsenal and France national team striker Thierry Henry signed a deal to join the "I Am What I Am" campaign on August 1, 2006.[87] Manchester United winger Ryan Giggs has also done "I Am What I Am" commercials.[88] Andriy Shevchenko started his endorsement deal with the company in 2006.[89][90]
Russia[]
In February 2019, the Russian subsidiary faced a scandal. While adapting the brand's "Never apologize for being strong" ad campaign, Reebok posted pictures on its social media accounts which encouraged women to try facesitting, saying ("To sit on a man's face instead of sitting on a needle of man's approval"). The public had a negative reaction to this and Russian Marketing Director Alexander Golofast along with several other employees were fired
The headquarters also had to issue an apology.[91]
North America[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ReebokVaughanMills.jpg/220px-ReebokVaughanMills.jpg)
In 2004, Reebok entered into a deal that allows them the rights to manufacture Canadian Football League (CFL) onfield jerseys, sideline gear and footwear; this deal ended in 2015.[92]
In Mexico, Reebok was kit provider of Chivas de Guadalajara before the team was taken over by parent company Adidas in 2011.[93]
United States[]
Reebok shoes were featured as product placement advertising on the Nickelodeon game show Double Dare in the 1980s.[94]
From 2002 to 2012, the company held the exclusive rights to manufacture and market both authentic and replica uniform jerseys, sideline clothing and caps, and onfield football footwear (marketed as NFL Equipment) of the teams of the National Football League (NFL). The company hired filmmaker Errol Morris to produce a series of 30-second commercials that aired during the 2006 NFL season.[95]
Reebok signed a four-year deal to become the official shoe supplier to Major League Baseball (MLB) in 2004;[96] Reebok also was given the rights to be the official uniform and apparel provider of the Canadian Football League (CFL) that same year; this alliance lasted until 2015.[97]
Reebok held the rights to produce the on-ice "EDGE" Uniform System, performance clothing and training footwear of the National Hockey League (NHL) in a 10-year agreement from 2007 to 2017.[98]
On December 2, 2014, the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) announced a six-year deal with Reebok, which began in July 2015.[99]
In July 2018, Reebok Boston Track Club announced to be led by coach Chris Fox from Syracuse University.[100][101][102]
[]
Rapper Jay-Z became the first non-athlete to get a signature shoe from Reebok. The "S. Carter Collection by Rbk" was launched on November 21, 2002, and the S. Carter sneaker became the fastest-selling shoe in the company's history.[103] Later, Reebok made a deal with rapper 50 Cent to release a line of G-Unit sneakers, and artists such as Nelly and Miri Ben-Ari have become spokespersons for the company.[104][105] Reebok also signed Scarlett Johansson and introduced her own line of clothing and footwear called Scarlett Hearts, part of the Rbk Lifestyle Collection. Pop singer Ariana Grande signed to Reebok in 2017. In the 2016 Gigi Hadid joined the company. Reebok also produce shoes for Emporio Armani under the label EA7.
Some artists and fashion figures that have signed endorsement agreements with Reebok in the last years are Ariana Grande, Gal Gadot, Victoria Beckham, Cardi B, and Camille Kostek.[106]
Oceania[]
In 2005, Reebok also signed an exclusive agreement to design and supply all eight team home and away strips for the new Australian A-League competition. Although not an expensive deal, this partnership paid dividends for Reebok, due to the growing popularity of football and the league in the area. An estimated 125,000 A-League jerseys were sold in Australia, a record for a single league's sales in a year for a sports manufacturer.[107] Reebok's agreement ended at the finish of the 2010–11 season.
South America[]
Reebok was the uniform provider for Brazilian clubs Cruzeiro, Vasco, Internacional and São Paulo FC, Argentinian clubs San Martín de Los Andes, Paraguayan clubs General Díaz and Uruguayan clubs Peñarol .[108]
Charitable work[]
The Reebok Foundation operates the "Build Our Kids' Success" (BOKS) program to provide US schoolchildren with physical activities before the school day. Reebok funds the program with direct grants and by contributing a percentage of shoe sales.[109]
See also[]
- Reebok advertising campaigns
- Reebok Pro Summer League
- Reebok Pump
Notes[]
- ^ Although Reebok itself was established in 1958,[1][2] the date of foundation is set in 1895, when the family business began to run with Joseph W. Foster starting the manufacture of athletic shoes.[3] Foster's company, J.W. Foster and Sons, was absorbed by Reebok in 1976.
References[]
- ^ A quick history of Reebok by Marc Richardson on Grailed website, 18 Oct 1918
- ^ Running the show: Reebok on Let's look website, Sep 2017
- ^ "Reebok Timeline - History of Reebok - Fat Buddha Store". www.fatbuddhastore.com.
- ^ "Adidas, Reebok kickstart integration". The Economic Times.
- ^ "Our Brands – adidas group". Adidas-group.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Berman, Dennis K.; Kang, Stephanie; Karnitsching, Matthew (2005). "Adidas Nears Deal to Buy Reebok In Effort to Gain Ground on Nike". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ Stuart Elliot (August 4, 2005). "Adidas's Reebok Purchase Sets a Challenge for Nike". The New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ Julie Cruz (September 23, 2013). "Reebok Turns to 'Race From Hell' to Revive Former Glory". Bloomberg. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Rourke, Elizabeth; Hedblad, Edna; Salamie, David (1999). International Directory of Company Histories: "Reebok International Ltd.".
- ^ "Reebok logo indicates shift from pros to CrossFit". Ad Age. February 28, 2014.
- ^ "Reebok World Headquarters | NBBJ". www.nbbj.com. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
- ^ Chesto, Jon (November 3, 2016). "Reebok plans a big move — and some job cuts". Boston Globe. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ Williams, Michelle (July 18, 2017). "Inside Reebok's new 220,000-square-foot headquarters in Boston's Seaport District". masslive.com. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Adidas buys Reebok to conquer US". The Telegraph. October 6, 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Brand History" at ShoeBacca.com(Archive)
- ^ at reebokthefounder.com(Brand History)
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Colea, Jason (2016). Golden Kicks: The Shoes that Changed Sport. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 14–16.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Vartanig G. Vartan (May 15, 1986). "Market Place; The Surging Reebok Stock". The New York Times. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Reebok: A running history". LesMills. June 2, 2014. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ C.Y. Ellis (November 8, 2013). "The History of Reebok in the Sneaker Industry". HoopsVibe.
- ^ McDonald, Mark A.; Milne, George R. (1999). "Cases in Sport Marketing". Jones and Bartlett Publishers. pp. 63–86.
- ^ Stuart Gannes (May 23, 1988). "America's Fastest Growing Companies". Fortune Magazine. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Vartanig G. Vartan (January 21, 1986). "Market Place; A Brisk Pace Is Set by Nike". The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Natalie Zmuda (February 28, 2014). "Change: Reebok Logo Indicates Shift From Pros to Crossfit". Advertising Age. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ "Search | Brands of the World™". www.brandsoftheworld.com. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b John Brownlee (March 13, 2014). "How Reebok Became The Brand For Crossfit Junkies". FastCode. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ Clarence Petersen (March 15, 1987). "The Training Of Trendy Tots". The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ Russ Bengtson (February 25, 2013). "10 Sneakers That Debuted Significant Technology". Complex Magazine. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ "COMPANY NEWS; Reebok Introduces Inflatable Shoe". Reuters. November 1, 1989. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ "Reebok 'Pump' To Sell For $170". Sun Sentinel. September 14, 1989. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ "Can Reebok Regain Its Balance?". Bloomberg Businessweek. December 19, 1993. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ Condon, Garret (September 18, 1991). "One Step Makes Workouts More Strenuous". The Courant. Hartford, Connecticut.
- ^ Lloyd, Barbara (March 26, 1990). "Step Up (and Down) to Sharper Workouts". The New York Times. p. C-10.
- ^ Hua, Vanessa (April 22, 1999). "Firming Up Revenues". The Courant. Hartford, Connecticut.
- ^ "Former Sony Exec to Head Reebok Brand". Los Angeles Times. August 28, 1998. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Yankowski resigns as president of Reebok-brand shoes, apparel". The Baltimore Sun. December 2, 1999. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ Richard Sandomir (December 22, 2000). "TENNIS; Having Style Pays Off for Venus Williams". The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "Reebok Granted NFL Apparel Licensing Rights". Los Angeles Times. December 20, 2000. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "Reebok nets NBA". CNN. August 1, 2001. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "NBA Signs 10-Year Deal With Reebok". Los Angeles Times. August 2, 2001. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ Andy Bernstein (August 6, 2001). "Reebok locks up more than NBA with 10-year licensing deal". Sport Business Daily. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "Reebok locks up more than NBA with 10-year licensing deal". Sport Business Daily. December 6, 2001. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "High exec at Reebok resigns". Boston Business Journal. October 21, 2004. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "Reebok Inks Official Supplier Deal with CFL". SGB Media. October 14, 2003. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
- ^ Cam Merritt (January 28, 2015). "What Does CCM stand for on Hockey Equipment?". LiveStrong. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ Adidas laces up $100M hockey brand sale by Josh Kosman, July 20, 2017
- ^ Petrecca, Laura; Howard, Theresa (August 4, 2005). "Adidas-Reebok merger lets rivals nip at Nike's heels". USA Today. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
- ^ Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Feder, Barnaby J. (August 3, 2005). "Adidas Agrees to Acquire Reebok in $3.8 Billion Deal". The New York Times. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
- ^ Darren Rovell (April 18, 2006). "NBA laces up adidas for 11-year partnership". ESPN. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
- ^ "Harrington named CEO of Reebok Brand division". Boston Business Journal. January 10, 2006. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
- ^ Julie Cruz (May 29, 2013). "Adidas to Make CrossFit Delta Logo Symbol for Reebok Fitness". Bloomberg. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
- ^ "Why Reebok is Going Back to its Fitness Roots". www.eventmarketer.com. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- ^ Zorilla, Monica Marie. "Reebok Refreshes Iconic Vector Logo, Sidelines Red Delta Symbol". Adweek. Adweek LLC. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
- ^ Mulier, Thomas (February 16, 2021). "Adidas Begins Sale Process for Underperforming Reebok Brand". Bloomberg. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ "Adidas pushes online sales and sustainability in five-year plan". CNBC. March 10, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ "Adidas shortlists bidders in Reebok sale -sources". Reuters. July 1, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ "Adidas ends Reebok era with $2.5 bln sale to Authentic Brands". Reuters. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ "Adidas Group Locations". Adidas. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Nick Santora (December 11, 2013). "The History Of Cross Training". Sneaker Freaker. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ "Reebok Freestyle Recap". Sneaker Freaker. December 31, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Vicky Hallett (August 25, 2009). "Step Aerobics Marks Its 20th Anniversary With a Celebration Led by Its Creator". Washington Post. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Yale Schalk (November 14, 2009). "EXCLUSIVE: Reebok Pump Chronology". CounterKicks. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ John Q Marcelo (October 24, 2014). "The Reebok Runners That Defined '90s Sneaker Culture". Complex Magazine. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ "End of an Era: The 13 Best Allen Iverson Shoes". NiceKicks. October 30, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Rob Maaddi (November 28, 2001). "Iverson signs lifetime deal with Reebok". USA Today. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ "A History of Allen Iverson's Reebok Signature Sneaker Line". Sole Collector. June 7, 2014. Archived from the original on February 22, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Riley Jones (January 5, 2014). "A Complete History of Suspension Soled Sneakers". Sneaker Report. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Gabriel Simon. "Which Reebok CrossFit shoe is best for you?". WOD Review. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Patrick Rishe (November 29, 2011). "Reebok's Attention to CrossFit Feedback Boost Branding and Product Quality Initiatives". Forbes. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Gurvinder Singh Gandu (December 20, 2013). "Reebok Announces ZQUICK Footwear Collection for 2014". Sneaker Report. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ "Reebok's Liquid Factory could revolutionize shoe-making". Sports Illustrated. October 24, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ Mazique, Brian. "UFC And Reebok Announce New Fight Night Collection". Forbes. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
- ^ Park, Andrea. "Victoria Beckham's First Collection for Reebok Is Here—and It's Inspired by Shaq". Glamour. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ^ "Victoria Beckham's Reebok Merch Collection is a Stylish Slam Dunk Inspired by Shaq". Vogue. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ^ "Reebok athletes" – Reebok official site,
- ^ "Elvis Evora Photostream". Zimbio.
- ^ "East Bengal ropes in Reebok as official kit sponsor". The Times of India. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
- ^ "Reebok Running Squad – Reebok Ambassador, Gautam Gambhir to flag off first RRS meet in the city". LiveMango. Archived from the original on September 25, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ "Reebok launches IPL merchandise". IndianTelevision.com. April 11, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ "Reebok". listcricketinfo.blogspot.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
- ^ "Enforcement Directorate books Reebok for retail sale in India". July 18, 2012.
- ^ Vidhi Choudhary (July 17, 2013). "Two main accused in Reebok case granted bail". Live Mint and the Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
- ^ Kurt Badenhausen (June 18, 2012). "The World's 100 Highest-Paid Athletes". Forbes. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
- ^ "BWFC strike stadium and kit deal with Macron" (Press release). Bolton Wanderers. April 25, 2014.
- ^ Paul Gorst (April 24, 2014). "Bolton to change stadium name to Macron Stadium – but where does it rank in the worst arena names?". Daily Mirror. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ Marc Ambasna Jones (September 19, 1997). "Lucky Goldstar shuns Welsh RFU sponsorship". ZDNet. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ Bond, David (12 April 2006) "Henry drops bombshell by moving to Reebok". The Daily Telegraph. 12 April 2006. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "Reebok Still in the Game". Soccer Bible. April 27, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ "Announcement of Shevchenko signs a deal with Rbk". Archived from the original on August 20, 2006.
- ^ "Andriy Shevchenko of Chelsea and Ukraine arrives via the Thames". Getty Images. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ "Как реклама Reebok со слоганом про мужское лицо возмутила соцсети". РБК Стиль.
- ^ "adidas to become Official Outfitter of the CFL". press.cfl.ca.
- ^ "São Paulo Football Club Signs With Penalty For More Than $17M". Sports Business Daily. January 4, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ Banet-Weiser, Sarah (September 3, 2007). Kids Rule!: Nickelodeon and Consumer Citizenship. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822339939.
- ^ Jane Levere (July 24, 2006). "Football Calls, and Reebok Responds". The New York Times. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
- ^ Terry Lefton (February 23, 2004). "Reebok adds rights for MLB to its deals with NFL and NBA". Sports Business Journal. Street and Smith's Sports Group. Retrieved September 29, 2013.
- ^ "CFL Retro With Reebok's Craig Ryan". Canadian Football League. September 2, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
CFL and Reebok have just signed a new five-year contract extending the current deal that was signed in 2004.
- ^ Josh Kosman; Larry Brooks (February 1, 2014). "Adidas may distance Reebok from NHL". New York Post. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ Shaun Al-Shatti (December 2, 2014). "UFC inks exclusive deal with Reebok, uniform program to roll out July 2015". Retrieved December 2, 2014.
- ^ Chris Carlson (July 23, 2018). "Former SU running coach Chris Fox will lead Reebok team that signed Justyn Knight". Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- ^ Chris Carlson (September 17, 2018). "Syracuse hires Brien Bell, right-hand man of Chris Fox, to lead running programs". Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- ^ Reebok Running (July 23, 2018). "Coach Chris Fox and Justyn Knight Sign on to Newly Established Reebok Boston Track Club". Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- ^ "Universal Music Group, the world's leading music company | Home Page". UMG.
- ^ Mark Jewell (February 14, 2006). "Reebok's walk on wild side draws youngsters, critics". Boston.com. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ Greg Lindsay (September 1, 2004). "The Rebirth of Cool". CNN Money. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ "Camille Kostek Talks #NeverNotDancing, Modeling And Finding Her Confidence". Reebok UK. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
- ^ "Reebok signs a deal with A-League".
- ^ Braden Galea (May 14, 2011). "Chivas Guadalajara agree deal with Adidas". Football Shirts News. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ "Natalie Morales teams up with Reebok to create kids' shoes for charity". today.com. December 14, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
External links[]
![]() |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reebok International Limited. |
- Reebok
- Authentic Brands Group
- 1895 establishments in England
- Clothing companies established in 1895
- Clothing companies of the United States
- American brands
- Shoe companies of the United States
- Ice hockey brands
- Athletic shoe brands
- Shoe brands
- Companies based in Boston
- Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
- Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States
- Sportswear brands
- Swimwear manufacturers
- 1980s fashion
- 1990s fashion
- 2005 mergers and acquisitions
- 2021 mergers and acquisitions